Mechanical Integration Of Plant Cells And Plants
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Mechanical Integration Of Plant Cells And Plants
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Author : Przemyslaw Wojtaszek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-28
Mechanical Integration Of Plant Cells And Plants written by Przemyslaw Wojtaszek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-28 with Science categories.
Chemical reactions and interactions between molecules are commonly considered the basis of life, and thus the biochemical nature of cells and organisms is relatively well recognized. Research conducted in recent years, however, increasingly indicates that physical forces profoundly affect the functioning of life at all levels of its organization. To detect and to respond to such forces, plant cells and plants need to be structured mechanically. This volume focuses on mechanical aspects of plant life. It starts with a consideration of the mechanical integration of supracellular structures and mechanical properties of cellular building blocks to show how the structural integrity of plant cells is achieved and maintained during growth and development. The following chapters reveal how the functioning of integrated plant cells contributes to the mechanical integration of plants, and how the latter are able to detect physical stimuli and to reorganize their own cells in response to them. The mechanical aspects of plant responses to stresses are also presented. Finally, all these aspects are placed in an evolutionary context.
Plant Biomechanics
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Author : Anja Geitmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-06-09
Plant Biomechanics written by Anja Geitmann and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-09 with Science categories.
This book provides important insights into the operating principles of plants by highlighting the relationship between structure and function. It describes the quantitative determination of structural and mechanical parameters, such as the material properties of a tissue, in correlation with specific features, such as the ability of the tissue to conduct water or withstand bending forces, which will allow advanced analysis in plant biomechanics. This knowledge enables researchers to understand the developmental changes that occur in plant organs over their life span and under the influence of environmental factors. The authors provide an overview of the state of the art of plant structure and function and how they relate to the mechanical behavior of the organism, such as the ability of plants to grow against the gravity vector or to withstand the forces of wind. They also show the sophisticated strategies employed by plants to effect organ movement and morphogenesis in the absence of muscles or cellular migration. As such, this book not only appeals to scientists currently working in plant sciences and biophysics, but also inspires future generations to pursue their own research in this area.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
Mechanical Signaling In Plants From Perception To Consequences For Growth And Morphogenesis Thigmomorphogenesis And Ecological Significance
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Author : Catherine Coutand
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-01-27
Mechanical Signaling In Plants From Perception To Consequences For Growth And Morphogenesis Thigmomorphogenesis And Ecological Significance written by Catherine Coutand and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-27 with Electronic book categories.
During the 1970s, renewed interest in plant mechanical signaling led to the discovery that plants subjected to mechanical stimulation develop shorter and thicker axes than undisturbed plants, a syndrome called thigmomorphogenesis. Currently, mechanosensing is being intensively studied because of its involvement in many physiological processes in plants and particularly in the control of plant morphogenesis. From an ecological point of view, the shaping of plant architecture has to be precisely organized in space to ensure light capture as well as mechanical stability. In natural environments terrestrial plants are subjected to mechanical stimulation mainly due to wind, but also due to precipitation, while aquatic and marine plants are subjected to current and wave energy. Plants acclimate to mechanically challenging environments by sensing mechanical stimulations and modifying their growth in length and diameter and their tissue properties to reduce potential for buckling or breakage. From a morphogenetic point of view, both external and internal mechanical cues play an important role in the control of cell division and meristem development likely by modulating microtubule orientation. How mechanical stimulations are being sensed by plants is an area of intense research. Different types of mechanosensors have been discovered or proposed, including ion channels gated by membrane tension (stretch activation) and plasma membrane receptor-like kinases that monitor the cell wall deformations. Electrophysiologists have measured the conductances of some stretch-activated channels and have showed that SAC of different structures can exhibit different conductances. The role of these differences in conductance has not yet been established. Once a mechanical stimulus has been perceived, it must be converted into a biological signal that can lead to variations of plant phenotype. Calcium has been shown to function as an early second messenger, tightly linked with changes in cytosolic and apoplastic pH. Transcriptional analyses of the effect of mechanical stimulation have revealed a considerable number of differentially expressed genes, some of which appear to be specific to mechanical signal transduction. These genes can thus serve as markers of mechanosensing, for example, in studies attempting to define signalling threshold, or variations of mechanosensitivity (accommodation). Quantitative biomechanical studies have lead to a model of mechanoperception which links mechanical state and plant responses, and provides an integrative tool to study the regulation of mechanosensing. This model includes parameters (sensitivity and threshold) that can be estimated experimentally. It has also been shown that plants are desensitized when exposed to multiple mechanical signals as a function of their mechanical history. Finally, mechanosensing is also involved in osmoregulation or cell expansion. The links between these different processes involving mechanical signalling need further investigation. This frontier research topic provides an overview of the different aspects of mechanical signaling in plants, spanning perception, effects on plant growth and morphogenesis, and broad ecological significance.
Physiology And Biochemistry Of Plant Cell Walls
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Author : Christopher T. Brett
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1996-07-31
Physiology And Biochemistry Of Plant Cell Walls written by Christopher T. Brett and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-07-31 with Science categories.
The plant cell wall plays a vital role in almost every aspect of plant physiology. New techniques in spectroscopy, biophysics and molecular biology have revealed the extraordinary complexity of its molecular architecture and just how important this structure is in the control of plant growth and development. The Second Edition of this accessible and integrated textbook has been revised and updated throughout. As well as focusing on the structure and function of plant cell walls the book also looks at the applications of this research. It discusses how plant cell walls can be exploited by the biotechnology industry and some of the main challenges for future research. Key topics include: architecture and skeletal functions of the wall; cell-wall formation; control of cell growth; role in intracellular transport; interactions with other organisms; cell-wall degradation; biotechnological applications of cell-walls; role in diet and health. This textbook provides a clear, well illustrated introduction to the physiology and biochemistry of plant cell walls which will be invaluable to upper level undergraduate and post graduate students of plant physiology, plant pathology, plant biotechnology and biochemistry.
Inter Cellular Electrical Signals In Plant Adaptation And Communication
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Author : Simon Gilroy
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-07-26
Inter Cellular Electrical Signals In Plant Adaptation And Communication written by Simon Gilroy and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-26 with categories.
Plants use the Sun´s energy to synthesize the basic biomolecules that make up all the organic matter of all organisms of terrestrial ecosystems, including ourselves. Therefore, understanding their adaptive mechanisms to variations of environmental factors, both biotic and abiotic, is fundamental, and particularly relevant in the current context of rapid climate change. Some of the most important adaptive mechanisms of plants are the electrical and chemical signaling systems for the exchange of information between proximally and distally located cells. These signalling systems allow plants to dynamically coordinate the activities of all cells under a diversity of situations. In this Research Topic, we present eight articles that bring up new hypothesis and data to understand the mechanisms of systemic electrical signaling and the central role that it plays in adapting the whole plant to different stresses, as well as new findings on intracellular calcium and nitric oxide-based signaling pathways under stress, which could be extrapolated to non-plant research.
Endocytosis In Plants
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Author : Jozef Šamaj
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-02
Endocytosis In Plants written by Jozef Šamaj and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-02 with Science categories.
Endocytosis is a fundamental cellular process by means of which cells internalize extracellular and plasma membrane cargos for recycling or degradation. It is important for the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, subcellular signaling and uptake of nutrients into specialized cells, but also for plant cell interactions with pathogenic and symbiotic microbes. Endocytosis starts by vesicle formation at the plasma membrane and progresses through early and late endosomal compartments. In these endosomes cargo is sorted and it is either recycled back to the plasma membrane, or degraded in the lytic vacuole. This book presents an overview of our current knowledge of endocytosis in plants with a main focus on the key molecules undergoing and regulating endocytosis. It also provides up to date methodological approaches as well as principles of protein, structural lipid, sugar and microbe internalization in plant cells. The individual chapters describe clathrin-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis, as well as flotillin-mediated endocytosis and internalization of microbes. The book was written for a broad spectrum of readers including students, teachers and researchers.
Morphomechanics Of Development
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Author : Lev V. Beloussov
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-12-27
Morphomechanics Of Development written by Lev V. Beloussov and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-27 with Science categories.
This book outlines a unified theory of embryonic development, assuming morphogenesis to be a multi-level process including self-organizing steps while also obeying general laws. It is shown how molecular mechanisms generate mechanical forces, which in the long run lead to morphological changes. Questions such as how stress-mediated feedback acts at the cellular and supra-cellular levels and how executive and regulatory mechanisms are mutually dependent are addressed, while aspects of collective cell behavior and the morphogenesis of plants are also discussed. The morphomechanical approach employed in the book is based on the general principles of self-organization theory.
Plant Electrophysiology
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Author : Alexander G. Volkov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-05-03
Plant Electrophysiology written by Alexander G. Volkov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-03 with Science categories.
This book, written by the leading experts in the field of plant electrophysiology, provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current state of knowledge on electrical signaling and responses in plant physiology. It covers a significant interdisciplinary area for a broad range of researchers, emphasizing the physical, chemical, biological, and technological aspects of plant electrophysiology, while also demonstrating the role of electrochemical processes and ion channels in plant life cycles. Separate chapters describe the electrophysiology of the Venus flytrap, the Telegraph plant, Mimosa pudica, and other interesting plant species. Subsequent sections focus on mechanisms of plant movement, the role of ion channels, morphing structures, and the effects of electrical signal transduction on photosynthesis and respiration. Further topics include the electrophysiology of plant-insect interactions, how plants sense different environmental stresses and stimuli, and how phytoactuators respond to them. All chapters analyze the generation and transmission of electrical signals in plants.
Plant Cell Walls
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Author : Anja Geitmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024
Plant Cell Walls written by Anja Geitmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Agriculture categories.
Plant cell walls have been relevant for human survival throughout evolution, from cell walls recognized as an essential ingredient in human and livestock nutrition, to their use in energy generation, construction, tool making, paper and clothing. This plant generated material is at the centre of a myriad of human activities, and it represents the world's most abundant natural resource for fuel, fibre, food and fodder. Plant Cell Walls: Research Milestones and Conceptual Insights provides an overview of the key discoveries of over hundreds of years of plant cell wall research. With chapter contributions from prominent scientists in the cell wall field, the book provides a comprehensive treatment of plant cell wall research accompanied by a historical overview to illustrate how concepts have evolved, and how progress has been enabled by emerging technological advances. Plant Cell Walls: Research Milestones and Conceptual Insights elaborates on the translation of research to application in biotechnology and agriculture, and highlights its relevance for climate change mitigation and adaptation. It will be a key resource for plant cell biologists, biochemists, and geneticists.