Mechanics And Energetics Of Biological Transport
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Mechanics And Energetics Of Biological Transport
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Author : E. Heinz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Mechanics And Energetics Of Biological Transport written by E. Heinz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This book deals with energetics of transport processes, largely expressed in terms of the thermodynamics of irreversible pro cesses. Since at the present time too little is known about the molecular mechanism of transport, the present treatment is based largely on hypothetical models. Care has been taken, however, to define the crucial features of these models as generally as pos sible, so that the equations do not depend too much on hypotheti cal details. Accordingly, most equations, though developed on the basis of a mobile carrier (ferryboat) model, should apply equally to a conformational model, with an appropriate reinterpretation of the symbols. To better elucidate the essentials, the models are greatly simplified by special assumptions. Maximally, only two flows are assumed to be present in each model at one time: e. g. , two solute flows, the flow of solvent and of one solute, the flow of solvent and of heat. The simplifying assumptions may often be unreal. Hence the equations should not be applied un critically to actual mechanisms. They may at best serve as a ba sis on which the more appropriate equations may be developed. The book is not designed to give a complete kinetic analysis of the transport processes described. The kinetic equations are kept to the minimum required to describe the model concerned and to relate it to the corresponding thermodynamic equations. The in tention is to stress the close relationship between bioosmotic (transport) and biochemical processes in metabolism.
Electrical Potentials In Biological Membrane Transport
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Author : E. Heinz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-08
Electrical Potentials In Biological Membrane Transport written by E. Heinz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-08 with Science categories.
The material of this volume was originally planned to be incorporated in the preceding monograph Mechanics and Energetics of Biological Transport. A separate and coherent treatment ofthe variety of bioelectrical phenomena was considered preferable, mainly for didactic reasons. Usually, the biologist has to gather the principles of bioelectricity he needs from different sources and on different levels. The present book intends to provide these principles in a more uniform context and in a form adjusted to the problems of a biol ogist, rather than of a physicist or electrical engineer. The main emphasis is put on the molecular aspect by relating the bioelectrical phenomena, such as the membrane diffusion potentials, pump potentials, or redox potentials, to the properties of the membrane concerned, and, as far as pOSSible, to specific steps of transport and metabolism of ions and nonelectrolytes. Little space is devoted to the familiar and widely used representation of bioelectrical phe nomena in terms of electrical networks, of equivalent circuits with batteries, resistances, capacities etc. In order to elucidate the basic principles, the formal treatment is kept as simple as pOSSible, using highly Simplified models, based on biological systems. The corresponding equations are derived in two ways: kinetically, i. e. in terms of the Law of Mass Action, as well as energetically, i. e. , in terms of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics.
Mechanics And Energetics Of Biological Transport
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Author : E. Heinz
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1978-10-01
Mechanics And Energetics Of Biological Transport written by E. Heinz and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978-10-01 with Science categories.
This book deals with energetics of transport processes, largely expressed in terms of the thermodynamics of irreversible pro cesses. Since at the present time too little is known about the molecular mechanism of transport, the present treatment is based largely on hypothetical models. Care has been taken, however, to define the crucial features of these models as generally as pos sible, so that the equations do not depend too much on hypotheti cal details. Accordingly, most equations, though developed on the basis of a mobile carrier (ferryboat) model, should apply equally to a conformational model, with an appropriate reinterpretation of the symbols. To better elucidate the essentials, the models are greatly simplified by special assumptions. Maximally, only two flows are assumed to be present in each model at one time: e. g. , two solute flows, the flow of solvent and of one solute, the flow of solvent and of heat. The simplifying assumptions may often be unreal. Hence the equations should not be applied un critically to actual mechanisms. They may at best serve as a ba sis on which the more appropriate equations may be developed. The book is not designed to give a complete kinetic analysis of the transport processes described. The kinetic equations are kept to the minimum required to describe the model concerned and to relate it to the corresponding thermodynamic equations. The in tention is to stress the close relationship between bioosmotic (transport) and biochemical processes in metabolism.
Principles And Models Of Biological Transport
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Author : Morton H. Friedman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-15
Principles And Models Of Biological Transport written by Morton H. Friedman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Focus, Organization, and Content This book, like the first edition, deals with the mass transport processes that take place in living systems, with a focus on the normal behavior of eukaryotic cells and the - ganisms they constitute, in their normal physiological environment. As a consequence of this focus, the structure and content of the book differ from those of traditional transport texts. We do not start with the engineering principles of mass transport (which are well presented elsewhere) and then seek biological applications of these principles; rather, we begin with the biological processes themselves, and then - velop the models and analytical tools that are needed to describe them. This approach has several consequences. First of all, it drives the content of the text in a direction distinctively different from conventional transport texts. This is - cause the tools and models needed to describe complex biological processes are often different from those employed to describe more well-characterized inanimate systems. Many biological processes must still be described phenomenologically, using me- odologies like nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Simple electrical analogs employing a paucity of parameters can be more useful for characterization and prediction than complex theories based on the behavior of more well-defined systems on a laboratory bench. By allowing the biology to drive the choice of analysis tools and models, the latter are consistently presented in the context of real biological systems, and analysis and biology are interwoven throughout.
Physicochemical Mechanics And Membranology
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Author : Nikolai Kocherginsky
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2014-05-01
Physicochemical Mechanics And Membranology written by Nikolai Kocherginsky and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book offers a unified description of mass transport, including transmembrane transport both for chemical and biological membranes, and kinetics of chemical reactions. The innovative description is based on a combination of classical mechanics and Einstein’s mobility of molecules in Brownian movement. It is simpler but more powerful than the traditional and rather formal linear thermodynamics approach. This book is the first ever to use modified ideas familiar from classical mechanics, such as energy and force per mol, for a systematic description of equilibrium and nonequilibrium physicochemical processes. The description combines three fundamental components: Einstein’s mobility for Brownian movement, the equation for chemical transport rates in fluids, and an equation for physico-chemical potential. In combination with Newton’s laws and Gibbs’ laws of equilibrium thermodynamics, these three fundamental components naturally lead to nearly all major mass transport equations. These equations are presented in a single unifying Table of Mass Transport and Equilibrium Laws. Presents an innovative and unifying physico-chemical approach Provides insight into the fundamentals of mass transport Covers biological and synthetic membranes
Transport Phenomena In Biological Systems
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Author : George A. Truskey
language : en
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Release Date : 2009
Transport Phenomena In Biological Systems written by George A. Truskey and has been published by Prentice Hall this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Biological systems categories.
For one-semester, advanced undergraduate/graduate courses in Biotransport Engineering. Presenting engineering fundamentals and biological applications in a unified way, this text provides students with the skills necessary to develop and critically analyze models of biological transport and reaction processes. It covers topics in fluid mechanics, mass transport, and biochemical interactions, with engineering concepts motivated by specific biological problems.
Membrane Mechanics And Non Equilibrium Transport In Cell Biology
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Author : Sarah Alice Nowak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Membrane Mechanics And Non Equilibrium Transport In Cell Biology written by Sarah Alice Nowak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
High Energy Density Nastic Structures Using Biological Transport Mechanisms
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
High Energy Density Nastic Structures Using Biological Transport Mechanisms written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
A new mechanical actuation concept is demonstrated based on the controlled transport of fluid across semi-permeable membranes. This concept is based on the pressurization of cells similar to the process that plants use to maintain homeostasis and regulate cell function. In all plant systems, the transport of ions and fluid produce localized pressure changes (called turgor pressure) that perform many cell functions, such as maintaining cell integrity and controlling plant growth. In this article, we demonstrate that the concept of fluid transport caused by protein transporters can be used to control the actuation properties of a mesoscale device. The device considered in this work consists of two chambers separated by a semi-permeable membrane substrate that contains protein transporters suspended in a lipid bilayer. The protein transporters convert biochemical energy in the form of ATP into a protein gradient across the semipermeable membrane. The proton gradient, in turn, induces a flow of fluid across the porous substrate and pressurizes a closed volume. The experimental demonstration uses a directly applied gradient. The pressurization of the closed volume produces a deformation in the cover plate of the chamber, thus transforming the chemical energy of the ATP into a measurable motion in the actuator. Experiments on the device demonstrate that micron-scale displacements can be induced in a millimeter-scale actuator. The time constant of the response is on the order of tens of seconds, and results demonstrate that the pH gradient (or) amount of ATP and ATPase control the actuation properties of the device. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of using natural protein transporters as the active component of a mechanical actuator.
New Trends In The Physics And Mechanics Of Biological Systems
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Author : Martine Ben Amar
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2011-05-26
New Trends In The Physics And Mechanics Of Biological Systems written by Martine Ben Amar and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-26 with Mathematics categories.
In July 2009, many experts in the mathematical modelling of biological sciences gathered in Les Houches for a 4-week summer school on the mechanics and physics of biological systems. The goal of the school was to present to students and researchers an integrated view of new trends and challenges in physical and mathematical aspects of biomechanics. While the scope for such a topic is very wide, we focused on problems where solid and fluid mechanics play a central role. The school covered both the general mathematical theory of mechanical biology in the context of continuum mechanics but also the specific modelling of particular systems in the biology of the cell, plants, microbes, and in physiology. These lecture notes are organised (as was the school) around five different main topics all connected by the common theme of continuum modelling for biological systems: Bio-fluidics, Bio-gels, Bio-mechanics, Bio-membranes, and Morphogenesis. These notes are not meant as a journal review of the topic but rather as a gentle tutorial introduction to the readers who want to understand the basic problematic in modelling biological systems from a mechanics perspective.
Biology Quantum Mechanics
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Author : Aleksandr Sergeevich Davydov
language : en
Publisher: Pergamon
Release Date : 1982
Biology Quantum Mechanics written by Aleksandr Sergeevich Davydov and has been published by Pergamon this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Science categories.
Biophysical questions are presented in a language comprehensive both to physicists who do not know biology, and to biologists who do not have a complete up-to-date mathematical knowledge for quantum mechanics. An elementary description of the interaction of atoms of molecules and their interaction with water precedes an account of basic biological phenomena. The author also describes in detail the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction in animals based on his hypothesis of the role of solutions in the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical movement