Mechanisms Of Neuronal Migration During Corticogenesis
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Mechanisms Of Neuronal Migration During Corticogenesis
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Author : Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-07-15
Mechanisms Of Neuronal Migration During Corticogenesis written by Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-15 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
The cerebral cortex plays central roles in many higher-order functions such as cognition, language, consciousness, and the control of voluntary behavior. These processes are performed by the densely interconnected networks of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons, and the balanced development of these two types of neuron is quite important. During cortical development, pyramidal neurons and interneurons show quite different migratory behaviors: radial migration and tangential migration, respectively. Pyramidal neurons are generated in the ventricular zone of the dorsal telencephalon, and migrate radially along radial glial fibers toward the pial surface, forming a six-layered cortical structure in an “ inside-out” manner. On the other hand, cortical interneurons are generated in the medial and caudal ganglionic eminence in the ventral telencephalon, and follow long tangential migratory paths into the cortex. Defects in these migration processes result in abnormalities in the cortical layer structure and neuronal networks, which may cause various neurological and psychiatric conditions such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. Accordingly, besides basic scientific interest, elucidation of the mechanism of neuronal migration is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. This Research Topic includes a series of articles ranging from the basic mechanism of neocortical development to the malformation and evolution of the neocortex. We do hope that the present ebook will further stimulate the interest in the fascinating investigations of neuronal migration and corticogenesis.
Mechanisms Of Neuronal Migration During Corticogenesis
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Mechanisms Of Neuronal Migration During Corticogenesis written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The cerebral cortex plays central roles in many higher-order functions such as cognition, language, consciousness, and the control of voluntary behavior. These processes are performed by the densely interconnected networks of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons, and the balanced development of these two types of neuron is quite important. During cortical development, pyramidal neurons and interneurons show quite different migratory behaviors: radial migration and tangential migration, respectively. Pyramidal neurons are generated in the ventricular zone of the dorsal telencephalon, and migrate radially along radial glial fibers toward the pial surface, forming a six-layered cortical structure in an " inside-out" manner. On the other hand, cortical interneurons are generated in the medial and caudal ganglionic eminence in the ventral telencephalon, and follow long tangential migratory paths into the cortex. Defects in these migration processes result in abnormalities in the cortical layer structure and neuronal networks, which may cause various neurological and psychiatric conditions such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. Accordingly, besides basic scientific interest, elucidation of the mechanism of neuronal migration is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. This Research Topic includes a series of articles ranging from the basic mechanism of neocortical development to the malformation and evolution of the neocortex. We do hope that the present ebook will further stimulate the interest in the fascinating investigations of neuronal migration and corticogenesis.
The Extracellular Environment In Controlling Neuronal Migration During Neocortical Development
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Author : Yuki Hirota
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-06-30
The Extracellular Environment In Controlling Neuronal Migration During Neocortical Development written by Yuki Hirota and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-30 with Science categories.
The Role Of Endocytosis In Neuronal Migration
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Author : Jennifer Cynthia Shieh
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2010
The Role Of Endocytosis In Neuronal Migration written by Jennifer Cynthia Shieh and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Disruptions in neuronal migration have been implicated in a variety of human mental disorders, including epilepsy, autism, and schizophrenia. Despite the critical role of migration during nervous system development, the basic physical and cytoskeletal mechanisms of coordinated neuronal movement have not yet been fully characterized. A migrating neuron moves with morphologically distinct steps: a single leading process extends ahead of a stationary cell soma, followed by the formation of a cytoplasmic dilation ahead of the nucleus, subsequent movement of the nucleus into the dilation, and retraction of the cell rear. The temporal and spatial regulation of adhesion is important for the proper progression of these steps. I investigated the role of endocytosis in regulating adhesion during neuronal migration. Using genetic and pharmacological methods to disrupt endocytosis either in vitro or in vivo leads to altered neuronal migration. Introducing dominant negative clathrin or dynamin into the developing cortex delays radial migration in vivo. Pharmacologically inhibiting clathrin or dynamin reduces the velocity of anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) neurons migrating in a three-dimensional matrix in vitro. Components of clathrin endocytic machinery are localized to the dilation region of a migrating neuron at points of matrix attachment. The absence of adhesion molecules at the cell rear led us to the hypothesis that endocytosis weakens adhesions in the dilation to allow the cell rear to move forward during migration. In support of this hypothesis, exposing SVZa explants to pharmacological inhibitors of either clathrin or dynamin prevents migration out of explants, and neurons that have migrated out have altered morphology and adhesion molecule distribution. Neurons exposed to a dynamin inhibitor tend to have "tails" of membrane at the rear, and these tails contain adhesion molecules. The presence of adhesion molecules at the rear of migrating neurons exposed to a dynamin inhibitor supports the idea that endocytosis plays a role in regulating adhesion disassembly. Endocytosis likely plays a critical role in general neuronal migration regardless of the specific neuronal subtype, migration mode, or substrate.
Mechanisms Governing Neuronal Migration And Morphology
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Author : Margareta Nikolić
language : en
Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Release Date : 2008
Mechanisms Governing Neuronal Migration And Morphology written by Margareta Nikolić and has been published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Cell migration categories.
The correct migration of neurons to specific targets underlies the normal formation and function of our nervous system. Defective movement of neurons results in their aberrant function or death, thus causing a range of developmental problems. Neurons move by responding to extracellular cues which alter the dynamic organization of cytoskeletal elements via complex and often overlapping signaling pathways. Changes in external cues or intracellular signaling molecules are responsible for altered neuronal movement and behavior, and are increasingly being associated with the occurrence of lissencephaly, epilepsy and mental retardation. This issue provides current findings and future directions towards understanding how the dynamic organization of the neuronal cytoskeleton affects movement and the consequences of normal and altered neuronal migration on the nervous system. The topics highlight the importance of specific proteins that regulate actin filaments and microtubules, and how their changes affect neuronal translocation. The effects of genetic or environmental alterations on the formation of the nervous system and the power of high-resolution imaging in analyzing both normal and defective development are emphasized. The volume will thus be of interest to a wide range of molecular and cellular neurobiologists, developmental biologists and neurologists.
Normal And Abnormal Development Of The Cortex
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Author : Albert M. Galaburda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Normal And Abnormal Development Of The Cortex written by Albert M. Galaburda and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
This book, the seventh in the series 'Research and Perspectives in Neuroscience', contains the procedings of a meeting that was held in Paris on October14, 1996. The conference consisted of invited papers and poster presentations. The invited papers, included in this volume, were on cell proliferation prior to neuronal migration, on cellular and molecular factors characteristic of neuronal migration, and on postmigrational neuronal and axonal plasticity. There was a section devoted to disorders of neuronal migration and plasticity and the genetics of some developmental disorders. Great strides have been made in this relatively young branch of modern neuroscience.
Coordination Of Neuronal Proliferation And Migration During Corticogenesis
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Author : Élodie Gautier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Coordination Of Neuronal Proliferation And Migration During Corticogenesis written by Élodie Gautier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Cortical cytoarchitecture relies on the spatiotemporal coordination of neuronal production rate, precursors cell-cycle control and neuronal radial migration towards the cortical plate. In the primate, area 17 supragranular layers are more developed than in area 18, due to higher proliferation and neuronal production rates in area 17 between E77-80. Two-photon videomicroscopy observations on cortical organotypic slices revealed that radial migration is faster in area 17 than 18. This indicates that area-specific variations of proliferation and migration rates are congruent during corticogenesis. The study of molecular mechanisms underlying the coordinated regulation of proliferation and migration focused on the cell-cycle regulator p27kip1, which promotes migration, via inhibition of the Rhoa GTPase by its C-terminal domain. This p27 dual function could play a major role during the Interkinetic Nuclear Migration (INM) performed by cortical precursor cells from the ventricular zone, in synchrony with the cell-cycle phases. Mutant forms of p27 or shRNA were electroporated into neuroblasts of E14-15 mice embryos. Two-photon videomicroscopy observations on organotypic slices revealed that p27 affects INM, promotes differentiative divisions and neuronal radial migration, though its C-terminal domain. P27 is thus part of a molecular network which finely tunes, in an area-specific manner, the successive rounds of divisions of precursor, as well as the migratory behavior of the newborn neurons.
Dcx And Lis1 Function In Radial And Lateral Neuronal Migration In Developing Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Jilin Bai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Dcx And Lis1 Function In Radial And Lateral Neuronal Migration In Developing Cerebral Cortex written by Jilin Bai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Neuronal migration is a fundamental process in developing cerebral cortex. During embryonic development, progenitors are located in the neuroepithelium that surrounds the ventricular lumen in the telencephalon. Progenitors divide and give rise to postmitotic daughter neurons. These neurons migrate to form a stereotyped laminar and radial organization in the maturing cerebral cortex. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanism of neuronal migration is a crucial step in not only elucidating the biology of brain development, but also in gaining greater insight into the pathogenesis of human neurological diseases linked to cortical malformation such as mental retardation, epilepsy, dyslexia and schizophrenia. Two innovative studies presented in this thesis further our understanding of the function of Doublecortin (DCX) and Lissencephaly 1 (LIS1) protein molecules in neuronal migration. The first study combines in utero electroporation and RNA interference (RNAi)-medicated acute knockdown of DCX to reveal the definitive function of DCX in radial migration, a major neuronal migration pathway in developing cerebral cortex. Utilizing similar techniques with high degree of spatial control, the second study shows shared, distinct and interdependent roles of DCX and LIS1 in the lateral cortical stream (LCS), a migration route for cells that populate ventral telencephalon including the piriform cortex and amygdala.
Tracking Neuronal Development In The Adult Brain
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Author : Karen Bakhshetyan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Tracking Neuronal Development In The Adult Brain written by Karen Bakhshetyan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The knowledge about molecular and cellular pathways orchestrating neuronal development in the adult brain can be used to build up efficient strategies for cell replacement therapies. Adult neurogenesis is a very dynamic process, and it is crucial to monitor it directly to decipher mechanisms required for neuronal development. Furthermore, it is important to develop label-free imaging methods. My work is, in part, aimed at addressing these challenges. Adult-born neurons migrate densely along blood vessels and glial tubes in the rostral migratory stream (RMS). This alignment may create anisotropy which can be detected in polarized light. I first tried this technique for label-free detection of migratory cells in the RMS. While this imaging may have some promises, it showed that anisotropy in migrating cells is quite low and its detection is hampered by large signals deriving from nearby myelinated axons. I further studied the migration of virally labeled neuroblasts to elucidate some of the mechanisms required for their migration. GABAergic signaling plays an important role in neuronal migration and is defined by transmembrane Cl- gradient. This, in turn is controlled by the Cl- extruding co-transporter KCC2, known to have a late developmental expression. The role of KCC2 in neuronal migration is unknown and my experiments suggest that this co-transporter is involved in the radial, but not tangential migration of neuroblasts. Finally, I explored in vivo the odor-related structural plasticity of adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB). It remains unknown how OB functioning is adjusted to rapidly changing odor environment when new synapses of adult-born neurons have not yet been formed. My in vivo two-photon imaging data complements the previous work in our lab, revealing altogether a new form of structural plasticity in the adult OB. Thus, using diverse imaging methods I tried to better understand the migration and plasticity of new neurons in the adult brain.
Analysis Of Molecular Mechanisms That Govern Neuronal Migration During Development And Regeneration Of The Zebrafish Cerebellum
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Author : Reinhard W. Köster
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Analysis Of Molecular Mechanisms That Govern Neuronal Migration During Development And Regeneration Of The Zebrafish Cerebellum written by Reinhard W. Köster and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.