Mechanobiology Of Cell Cell And Cell Matrix Interactions

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Mechanobiology Of Cell Cell And Cell Matrix Interactions

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Author : A. Wagoner Johnson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-02-21

Mechanobiology Of Cell Cell And Cell Matrix Interactions written by A. Wagoner Johnson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Mechanobiology of Cell-Matrix Interactions focuses on characterization and modeling of interactions between cells and their local extracellular environment, exploring how these interactions may mediate cell behavior. Studies of cell-matrix interactions rely on integrating engineering, (molecular and cellular) biology, and imaging disciplines. Recent advances in the field have begun to unravel our understanding of how cells gather information from their surrounding environment, and how they interrogate such information during the cell fate decision making process. Topics include adhesive and integrin-ligand interactions; extracellular influences on cell biology and behavior; cooperative mechanisms of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions; the mechanobiology of pathological processes; (multi-scale) modeling approaches to describe the complexity or cell-matrix interactions; and quantitative methods required for such experimental and modeling studies.

Cell And Matrix Mechanics

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Author : Roland Kaunas
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-10-23

Cell And Matrix Mechanics written by Roland Kaunas and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-23 with Medical categories.

Explores a Range of Multiscale Biomechanics/Mechanobiology Concepts Cell and Matrix Mechanics presents cutting-edge research at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels in the field of cell mechanics. This book involves key experts in the field, and covers crucial areas of cell and tissue mechanics, with an emphasis on the roles of mechanical forces in cell–matrix interactions. Providing material in each chapter that builds on the previous chapters, it effectively integrates length scales and contains, for each length scale, key experimental observations and corresponding quantitative theoretical models. Summarizes the Three Hierarchical Levels of Cell Mechanics The book contains 14 chapters and is organized into three sections. The first section focuses on the molecular level, the second section details mechanics at the cellular level, and the third section explores cellular mechanics at the tissue level. The authors offer a thorough description of the roles of mechanical forces in cell and tissue biology, and include specific examples. They incorporate descriptions of associated theoretical models, and provide the data and modeling framework needed for a multi-scale analysis. In addition, they highlight the pioneering studies in cell–matrix mechanics by Albert K. Harris. The topics covered include: The passive and active mechanical properties of cytoskeletal polymers and associated motor proteins along with the behavior of polymer networks The mechanical properties of the cell membrane, with an emphasis on membrane protein activation caused by membrane forces The hierarchical organization of collagen fibrils, revealing that a delicate balance exists between specific and nonspecific interactions to result in a structure with semicrystalline order as well as loose associations The roles of matrix mechanical properties on cell adhesion and function along with different mechanical mechanisms of cell–cell interactions The effects of mechanical loading on cell cytoskeletal remodeling, summarizing various modeling approaches that explain possible mechanisms regulating the alignment of actin stress fibers in response to stretching The mechanical testing of cell-populated collagen matrices, along with theory relating the passive and active mechanical properties of the engineered tissues Cell migration behavior in 3-D matrices and in collective cell motility The role of mechanics in cartilage development The roles of both cellular and external forces on tissue morphogenesis The roles of mechanical forces on tumor growth and cancer metastasis Cell and Matrix Mechanics succinctly and systematically explains the roles of mechanical forces in cell–matrix biology. Practitioners and researchers in engineering and physics, as well as graduate students in biomedical engineering and mechanical engineering related to mechanobiology, can benefit from this work.

Cell Biology Of Extracellular Matrix

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Author : E.D. Hay
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11

Cell Biology Of Extracellular Matrix written by E.D. Hay and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.

In the ten-year interval since the first edition of this volume went to press, our knowledge of extracellular matrix (ECM) function and structure has enor mously increased. Extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interaction are now routine topics in the meetings and annual reviews sponsored by cell biology societies. Research in molecular biology has so advanced the number of known matrix molecules and the topic of gene structure and regulation that we won dered how best to incorporate the new material. For example, we deliberated over the inclusion of chapters on molecular genetics. We decided that with judicious editing we could present the recent findings in molecular biology within the same cell biology framework that was used for the first edition, using three broad headings: what is extracellular matrix, how is it made, and what does it do for cells? Maintaining control over the review of literature on the subject of ECM was not always an easy task, but we felt it was essential to production of a highly readable volume, one compact enough to serve the the student as an introduction and the investigator as a quick update on graduate the important recent discoveries. The first edition of this volume enjoyed con hope the reader finds this edition equally useful. siderable success; we D. Hay Elizabeth vii Contents Introductory Remarks 1 Elizabeth D. Hay PART I. WHAT IS EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX? Chapter 1 Collagen T. F. Linsenmayer 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. The Collagen Molecule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2. 1. Triple-Helical Domain(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genetically Tuning Cellular Mechanobiology

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Author : Joanna Lynn MacKay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Genetically Tuning Cellular Mechanobiology written by Joanna Lynn MacKay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

The recognition that cells can sense physical cues has inspired numerous investigations into the roles that mechanical forces play in both healthy and diseased cells. This rapidly growing area of research, often called cellular mechanobiology, has shown that physical interactions between cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix can regulate a number of fundamental cell behaviors. This insight has prompted the development of new methods to systematically engineer the mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (e.g., rigidity and geometry), both as a way to study the mechanisms behind cellular mechanosensing and as a way to directly control cell behavior in tissue engineering applications. In contrast, an equally powerful approach for manipulating cell-matrix interactions could be to directly engineer the mechanical properties of the cells themselves by modifying the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate how cells sense and respond to physical cues. This type of "inside-out" strategy would be useful for controlling cell behavior independently from extracellular matrix properties and would allow investigation into how changes in cellular mechanics such as cell shape, stiffness, and contractility can directly alter cell behavior. In these dissertation studies, a genetic strategy was developed to precisely control the mechanical properties and motility of cells by manipulating the activity of cytoskeletal signaling proteins. Genetic mutants of the signaling proteins RhoA GTPase, Rac1 GTPase, or myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were introduced into human glioblastoma cells under the control of conditional promoters, thereby enabling graded and dynamic control over their expression through addition and withdrawal of the transcriptional inducers. Increasing the activity of RhoA or MLCK by inducibly expressing constitutively active (CA) mutants increased both the stiffness and the contractility of cells in a graded manner, which had an inhibitory effect on cell migration. Interestingly, decreasing RhoA activity through expression of a dominant negative (DN) mutant also produced a graded decrease in cell migration speed, indicating that cell motility varies biphasically with RhoA activity levels. A similar biphasic dependence was discovered upon varying the activity of Rac1. These results demonstrate the importance of using quantitative methods to reveal potentially nonlinear relationships between protein activity and cell behavior. Expanding upon this strategy, two orthogonal promoter systems were combined to provide simultaneous control over the activity of two proteins in the same cell. RhoA and Rac1 are known to suppress each other through crosstalk between their signaling pathways, suggesting that cells can normally have high activity of only one protein or the other. To investigate the effects of forcing high activation of both proteins, CA RhoA and CA Rac1 were introduced into the same cells under different conditional promoters (either doxycycline-inducible or cumate-inducible). Expression of CA RhoA did not alter Rac1 activity and vice versa, demonstrating that the activity levels of RhoA and Rac1 can be independently varied with this strategy. Notably, expressing both CA mutants had a greater inhibitory effect on cell migration than either mutant alone, indicating that the effects of these mutants were additive rather than suppressive. Finally, these orthogonal promoters were used to dynamically control the motility of multiple cell populations in a three-dimensional matrix, providing a new way to spatially pattern cells. When cells were cultured as multicellular spheroids within a collagen matrix, CA Rac1 expression stimulated cell migration, while DN Rac1 expression strongly inhibited it. Thus the ability to switch these two phenotypes on and off by adding and withdrawing the transcriptional inducers provided a way to control both the timing and the extent of cell migration. To exploit this as a patterning method, cells expressing DN Rac1 from either the doxycycline-inducible promoter or the cumate-inducible promoter were mixed together as multicellular spheroids and then subjected to alternating administration of the two inducers. When the inducer was switched (e.g., doxycycline removed and replaced with cumate), one population was stimulated to migrate while the other was inhibited, and this created radially symmetric patterns of cells over time. The strategies developed in these dissertation studies represent a novel method for tuning cellular mechanical properties and behaviors, which we expect will be useful in a number of tissue engineering applications. In addition, by enabling graded control over the activity of multiple proteins, these methods provide a unique opportunity to investigate the quantitative relationships describing how protein activity levels influence cell behavior. Given that cell and tissue mechanics have been discovered to play critical roles in a number of human diseases, a better understanding of these relationships may lead to new therapeutic targets for disease treatments.

Molecular And Cellular Mechanobiology

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Author : Shu Chien
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-10

Molecular And Cellular Mechanobiology written by Shu Chien and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-10 with Medical categories.

This book will cover the cutting-edge developments in molecular and cellular mechanobiology to date. Readers will have a clear understanding of mechanobiology at the molecular and cellular levels, encompassing the mechanosensors, transducers, and transcription. An integrative approach across different scales from molecular sensing to mechanotransduction and gene modulation for physiological regulation of cellular functions will be explored, as well as applications to pathophysiological states in disease. A comprehensive understanding of the roles of physicochemical microenvironment and intracellular responses in determining cellular function in health and disease will also be discussed.

Cellular And Biomolecular Mechanics And Mechanobiology

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Author : Amit Gefen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-12-02

Cellular And Biomolecular Mechanics And Mechanobiology written by Amit Gefen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book describes these exciting new developments, and presents experimental and computational findings that altogether describe the frontier of knowledge in cellular and biomolecular mechanics, and the biological implications, in health and disease. The book is written for bioengineers with interest in cellular mechanics, for biophysicists, biochemists, medical researchers and all other professionals with interest in how cells produce and respond to mechanical loads.

Multi Scale Extracellular Matrix Mechanics And Mechanobiology

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Author : Yanhang Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Multi Scale Extracellular Matrix Mechanics And Mechanobiology written by Yanhang Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Biomedical engineering categories.

This book describes the current state of knowledge in the field of multi-scale ECM mechanics and mechanobiology with a focus on experimental and modelling studies in biomechanical characterization, advanced optical microscopy and imaging, as well as computational modeling. This book also discusses the scale dependency of ECM mechanics, translation of mechanical forces from tissue to cellular level, and advances and challenges in improving our understanding of cellular mechanotransduction in the context of living tissues and organisms.

Mechanobiology In Health And Disease

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Author : Stefaan Verbruggen
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-08-09

Mechanobiology In Health And Disease written by Stefaan Verbruggen and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Mechanobiology in Health and Disease brings together contributions from leading biologists, clinicians, physicists and engineers in one convenient volume, providing a unified source of information for researchers in this highly multidisciplinary area. Opening chapters provide essential background information on cell mechanotransduction and essential mechanobiology methods and techniques. Other sections focus on the study of mechanobiology in healthy systems, including bone, tendons, muscles, blood vessels, the heart and the skin, as well as mechanobiology studies of pregnancy. Final chapters address the nascent area of mechanobiology in disease, from the study of bone conditions, skin diseases and heart diseases to cancer. A discussion of future perspectives for research completes each chapter in the volume. This is a timely resource for both early-career and established researchers working on mechanobiology. Provides an essential digest of primary research from many fields and disciplines in one convenient volume Covers both experimental approaches and descriptions of mechanobiology problems from mathematical and numerical perspectives Addresses the hot topic of mechanobiology in disease, a particularly dynamic field of frontier science

Mechanotransduction

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-07-29

Mechanotransduction written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-29 with Science categories.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references. Volume 126 features in-depth reviews that focus on the tools required to investigate mechanotransduction. Additional chapters focus on how we can use these tools to answer fundamental questions about the interaction of physical forces with cell biology, morphogenesis, and function of mature structures. Chapters in the volume are authored by a unique combination of cell biologists and engineers, providing a range of perspectives on mechanotransduction. Provides a unique combination of perspectives from biologists and engineers Engaging to people of many training backgrounds

Methods In Cell Matrix Adhesion

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Author : Josephine Adams
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2002-06-12

Methods In Cell Matrix Adhesion written by Josephine Adams and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-06-12 with Science categories.

Critically acclaimed for more than 25 years, the Methods in Cell Biology series provides an indispensable tool for the researcher. Each volume is carefully edited by experts to contain state-of-the-art reviews and step-by-step protocols. Techniques are described completely so that methods are made accessible to users. This volume, Methods of Cell-Matrix Adhesion, contains integrated coverage on cell-matrix adhesion methods. It brings the classical methodologies and the latest techniques together in one concise volume. This coverage includes experimental protocols and their conceptual background for all aspects of cell-matrix adhesion research: the extracellular matrix, adhesion receptors, and the growing number of functional applications of matrix-adhesion in molecular cell biology. Also covered is the purification of the extracellular matrix to functional analyses of cellular responses.