Membrane Trafficking And Endocytosis In Neurons
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Membrane Trafficking And Endocytosis In Neurons
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Author : Ayesha Murshid
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Membrane Trafficking And Endocytosis In Neurons written by Ayesha Murshid and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
"In mammalian cells, two main membrane trafficking pathways, the secretory and endocytic pathways are important for many biological functions. Secretory proteins are synthesized on ribosomes inside the cells, translocated into the ER for proper folding, later mature in the Golgi and continue their journey to the plasma membrane. Endocytosis is defined as a process of vesicle formation from the plasma membrane, where external solutes like nutrients, growth factors and transmembrane proteins are internalized by the cell to endosomal compartments. Internalized protein can either be degraded in lysosomes or recycled back to the plasma membrane. Clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the most commonly used endocytic mechanisms in mammalian cells and its mechanism has been intensively studied over the years. Clathrin with the help of other adaptor/accessory proteins are able to form vesicles in the plasma membrane which are removed from the membrane by dynamin. There are many other kinds of internalization pathways which include phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, caveolae-dependent endocytosis, and caveolae and clathrin-independent endocytosis. In the first part of the thesis, we characterized a newly identified WVQF motif containing, AP2-binding protein, NECAP1 in neurons. We found that NECAP1 plays a vital role in the CME of transferrin and synaptotagmin in neuronal cells. In the second part, we studied endocytosis of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor (TrkA) in PC 12 cells. At a low dose (1 ng/ml) of NGF, we found that CME of TrkA is AP2- and NECAP1-independent in PC12 cells and that beta arrestin 1 can act as an alternate adaptor for its internalization. At higher extracellular concentration of NGF, uptake is clathrin- and dynamin- and beta-arrestin 1-independent, but requires actin, Cdc42 and sphingolipids, suggesting a different pathway. Our results show that large extracellular concentrations of NGF lead to strong signals of finite duration which is later terminated by degradation of NGF or NGF-TrkA whereas low concentrations of NGF leads to long lived signals. In the third chapter, we characterized newly identified Rabs, mainly Rab18 and Rab43. We found that Rab18 is involved in COPI independent trafficking of cargo beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (Galtase)-YFP suggesting its role in retrograde trafficking from Golgi to ER, whereas Rab43 has a regulatory role in the interaction between microtubule and pre-Golgi intermediates possibly via interaction with motor proteins. Taken together, the data in this thesis contribute to our understanding of the endocytic and secretory pathways of mammalian cells."--
Protein Trafficking In Neurons
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Author : Andrew J. Bean
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2006-10-27
Protein Trafficking In Neurons written by Andrew J. Bean and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-27 with Science categories.
The efficient delivery of cellular constituents to their proper location is of fundamental importance for all cells and is of particular interest to neuroscientists, because of the unique functions and complex architecture of neurons. Protein Trafficking in Neurons examines mechanisms of protein trafficking and the role of trafficking in neuronal functioning from development to plasticity to disease. The book is divided into seven sections that review mechanisms of protein transport, the role of protein trafficking in synapse formation, exo- and endocytosis, transport of receptors, trafficking of ion channels and transporters, comparison of trafficking mechanisms in neuronal vs. non-neuronal cell types, and the relationship between trafficking and neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Prion Diseases. Provides a comprehensive examination of membrane/protein movement in neuronal function Sections on synapse development, synaptic transmission, and the role of trafficking in neurological disease Includes a focus on Molecular Mechanisms Illustrated with color summary pictures The only book examining protein trafficking and its functional implications, written by leaders in the field
Membrane Trafficking
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Author : Jingshi Shen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-07-12
Membrane Trafficking written by Jingshi Shen and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-12 with Science categories.
This detailed volume presents a series of methods exploring membrane trafficking research, ranging from genetics and high-resolution imaging to in vitro biochemical and biophysical assays. Covering virtually all the major trafficking branches, the book delves into the exocytic pathway, which focuses on cargo transport from the ER to the Golgi, through the Golgi cisternae, and to the plasma membrane and the extracellular space; the endocytic pathway, which includes cargo endocytosis, endosomal recycling, and lysosomal degradation; as well as emerging topics beyond the conventional exocytic and endocytic pathways. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Membrane Trafficking: Methods and Protocols provides techniques with broad applications as an ideal guide for junior researchers new to membrane trafficking as well as established membrane biologists seeking to expand their research programs.
Connecting Long Range Transport To Local Synaptic Membrane Trafficking In The Neurons Of C Elegans
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Author : Heather M. Brown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Connecting Long Range Transport To Local Synaptic Membrane Trafficking In The Neurons Of C Elegans written by Heather M. Brown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Membrane Trafficking
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Author : Ales Vancura
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-08-28
Membrane Trafficking written by Ales Vancura and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-28 with Science categories.
As membrane trafficking research has expanded over the past thirty years, a remarkable convergence of information has been gained by using genetic approaches in yeast cells with biochemical approaches in mammalian cells. This book reflects these advances by devoting one section of the book to yeast cells and the other to mammalian cells, with each section providing both classic and cutting-edge techniques to study macromolecular transport across the membranes.
Shaping The Postsynaptic Landscape Understanding The Role Of Neuronal Activity In Local Secretory And Endocytic Protein Trafficking Dynamics
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Author : Ashley M. Bourke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Shaping The Postsynaptic Landscape Understanding The Role Of Neuronal Activity In Local Secretory And Endocytic Protein Trafficking Dynamics written by Ashley M. Bourke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Neuronal development, morphology, excitability and synapse function rely on the ability to maintain and dynamically regulate the repertoire of channel, receptor and adhesion integral membrane proteins presented on the cell surface with extraordinary spatiotemporal specificity. The requirement for the exact spatiotemporal control of surface protein abundance and spatial distribution is an especially tall order for neuronal cells given their immense size, intricate morphology and segregated domain structure. Precise regulation of biosynthetic and endocytic protein trafficking is further confounded by synaptic activity, and the polarization of the somatic Golgi apparatus (GA) presents an arduous undertaking by newly synthesized dendritic integral membrane proteins. How are these challenges reconciled with space- and time-sensitive protein movements to effectively sustain neuronal function? Where, when and how key synaptic receptor proteins are trafficked to and within remote dendritic domains to meet the exigent demands of the cell have remained fundamental yet challenging questions in neuronal cell biology. Recent findings from the Kennedy lab and others propose the existence of a compartmentalized secretory trafficking network in dendrites yet experimentally investigating the relevance of local vs. centralized trafficking pathways has been impossible because currently there is no way to selectively control forward secretory trafficking from distinct subcellular domains. Here I describe the development and implementation of an opto/chemogenetic approach that allows for local, light-triggered forward trafficking of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-sequestered proteins from user-defined regions within the cell (e.g. the neuronal cell body vs. individual dendritic branches). We discovered that proteins originating in the cell body could be transported deep into dendrites before surface insertion, with distinct cargoes displaying strikingly different kinetics, spatial distributions and activity dependencies. Surprisingly, proteins entering the dendritic secretory pathway were rapidly dispersed before reaching the surface. Additionally, we discovered that select cargoes are rapidly inserted in the plasma membrane at the axon initial segment (AIS), demonstrating a previously unappreciated role of the AIS as a major forward trafficking hub even for somatodendritic cargoes. Finally, we demonstrate that activity may have opposite effects on subcellular targeting of cargoes processed through somatic and dendritic networks. Our results provide the first quantitative characterization of compartmentalized secretory trafficking, placing important experimental constraints on current models for long-range and local protein trafficking. Once newly delivered synaptic proteins arrive at their functional destinations on the dendritic spine PM, their abundance and spatial distribution can be maintained or drastically modified through their endocytic trafficking depending on the current activity state of the synapse. We hypothesized that local alterations to synapses are mediated in part by regulated trafficking of postsynaptic proteins through organelles called recycling endosomes (REs), which act as reservoirs for important postsynaptic molecules. REs are housed within a large fraction of dendritic spines, the major postsynaptic sites of excitatory neurotransmission, and are thus well-poised to rapidly respond to changes in local activity to modulate synaptic structure and function. Using optical techniques coupled with local synapse activation and inactivation, we discovered that the rate of constitutive cargo flux through REs bidirectionally scales with synaptic activity at individual synaptic sites. Additionally, we demonstrate that RE cargo trafficking is coupled to synaptic activity by NMDA receptors and extracellular calcium. Finally, we demonstrate the synapse-specific, activity-dependent internalization of AMPA-type glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1), a key synaptic protein and known RE cargo. Overall, we have developed a novel optical approach for controlling secretory trafficking and we have characterized how neuronal activity influences the spatiotemporal properties of secretory and endocytic protein trafficking within distinct neuronal sub-compartments. These results provide crucial insight into how membrane trafficking processes might establish, maintain and modulate the molecular composition of synapses to support diverse forms of experience-dependent plasticity. Ongoing efforts are focused on both the proteomic mapping of the RE as well as the application of our novel optical approach to control the secretory trafficking of endogenous proteins.
Trafficking Inside Cells
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Author : Nava Segev
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-05-30
Trafficking Inside Cells written by Nava Segev and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-30 with Science categories.
This book covers the past, present and future of the intra-cellular trafficking field, which has made a quantum leap in the last few decades. It details how the field has developed and evolved as well as examines future directions.
Energy Requirements In Membrane Trafficking
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Author : Carlos M. Guardia
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-12-07
Energy Requirements In Membrane Trafficking written by Carlos M. Guardia and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-07 with Science categories.
Endocytic Trafficking Is Required For Neuronal Cell Death Through Tgf Beta Signaling In Drosophila Melanogaster
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Author : Zixing Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Endocytic Trafficking Is Required For Neuronal Cell Death Through Tgf Beta Signaling In Drosophila Melanogaster written by Zixing Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential feature during the development of the central nervous system in Drosophila as well as in mammals. During metamorphosis, a group of peptidergic neurons (vCrz) are eliminated from the larval central nervous system (CNS) via PCD within 6-7 h after puparium formation. To better understand this process, we first characterized the development of the vCrz neurons including their lineages and birth windows using the MARCM (Mosaic Analysis with a Repressible Cell Marker) assay. Further genetic and MARCM analyses showed that not only Myoglianin (Myo) and its type I receptor Baboon is required for neuron cell death, but also this death signal is extensively regulated by endocytic trafficking in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that clathrin-mediated membrane receptor internalization and subsequent endocytic events involved in Rab5-dependent early endosome and Rab11-dependent recycling endosome differentially participate in TGF- [beta] signaling. Two early endosome-enriched proteins, SARA and Hrs, are found to act as a cytosolic retention factor of Smad2, indicating that endocytosis mediates TGF- [beta] signaling through regulating the dissociation of Smad2 and its cytosolic retention factor.
Trafficking Of Intracellular Membranes
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Author : Maria C. Pedroso De Lima
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1995-03-22
Trafficking Of Intracellular Membranes written by Maria C. Pedroso De Lima and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-03-22 with Medical categories.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Traficking of Intracellular Membranes: From Molecular Sorting to Membrane Fusion", held at Espinho, Portugal, June 19 - 30, 1994