Mendelian Randomization The Study Of Causal Relationships Between Tumors And Underlying Pathogenic Factors
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Mendelian Randomization The Study Of Causal Relationships Between Tumors And Underlying Pathogenic Factors
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Author : Ziheng Wang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-05-15
Mendelian Randomization The Study Of Causal Relationships Between Tumors And Underlying Pathogenic Factors written by Ziheng Wang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-05-15 with Science categories.
The malignant tumor is a major global public health problem threatening human health. At present, association studies can be used to analyze the occurrence and development of tumors. Association studies, such as the classic study of smoking and lung cancer and the popular genome-wide association study (GWAS), form the basis of medical research. These studies provided initial evidence for subsequent mechanistic exploration and functional studies, but could not illustrate a causal relationship. R.A. Fisher first proposed the concept and method of Mendelian randomization (MR) in a 1936 book called “The Design of Experiments”. Based on the principles of Mendelian genetics, he regarded randomly assigned genotypes as "natural randomization experiments" to evaluate the causal effect of a factor on a particular phenotypic trait. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical method based on whole-genome sequencing data(GWAS), which can effectively reduce bias and is used to reveal causality similar to randomized controlled trials (RCT). MR can be used to evaluate causal inference, using genetic variants as instrumental variables to represent specific exposures, infer causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, and transform phenotype-to-phenotype causal studies into genotype studies. The advantage is that an individual's genetic variation precedes the outcome of a disease, which eliminates confounding bias due to reverse causality. Modern bioinformatics techniques can measure genetic variation with high precision, which largely reduces the estimation bias caused by measurement errors.
Molecular Genetics And Emerging Therapies For Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Basic Research And Clinical Perspectives
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Author : Stergios Boussios
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-11-06
Molecular Genetics And Emerging Therapies For Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Basic Research And Clinical Perspectives written by Stergios Boussios and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-06 with Medical categories.
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological disorder due to a lack of effective early detection strategies. Worldwide, approximately 230,000 women are diagnosed annually, whereas 150,000 die. It represents the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world with 5-year survival rate of 46%. More than one-fifth of EOC have been related to hereditary conditions. Considerable efforts have been made to implement screening of the general population to diagnose EOC early; nevertheless, this has been ineffective and there is no approved strategy. Nowadays, new approaches for early diagnosis and prevention based on molecular genomics are in development. Whole genome sequencing has established the potency of the somatic genome, characterised with diverse DNA repair deficiencies that can be used to stratify EOCs into distinct biological groups with predictive signatures of resistance or relapse. The incorporation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) into clinical practice remains challenging for two reasons. Firstly, the EOC risk is not clear for some of the included genes and secondly, the variant of uncertain significance rates increase as more genes are analyzed. Finally, beyond germline pathogenic variants, somatic mutations may also affect therapeutic choices, and as such upfront tumor sequencing may be equally important to NGS, particularly as we continue to challenge treatment paradigms in the first‐line management of EOC.
Double Edged Swords Important Factors Connecting Metabolic Disorders And Cancer Development From Basic Research To Translational Applications Volume Ii
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Author : Che-Pei Kung
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-12-30
Double Edged Swords Important Factors Connecting Metabolic Disorders And Cancer Development From Basic Research To Translational Applications Volume Ii written by Che-Pei Kung and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-30 with Medical categories.
The relationship between metabolic dysfunctions and cancer development has been continuously evolving, informed by research efforts in the fields of epidemiology, endocrinology, cancer biology, chemistry, genomics, metabolomics among others. Metabolism and cancer can intersect at the physiological level, where metabolic disorders and cancer malignancies occur as comorbid or mutually-promoting conditions; or at the molecular level, where metabolic alterations regulate tumorigenesis and oncogenic/tumor-suppressive pathways govern the onset of metabolic syndromes. The increasingly complex spider web connecting metabolic dysfunctions and cancer development reveals both distinctive and shared mechanisms underlying different disease indications. It also points to unique opportunities, either through repurposing existing tools or discovering new strategies, to develop targeted therapies against a wide variety of metabolic and cancerous diseases. In our previous Research Topic: Double-edged Swords: Genetic Factors That Influence The Pathogenesis of Both Metabolic Disease and Cancer , we highlighted ten genetic factors/mechanisms that influence the pathogenesis of both metabolic disease and cancer. The attention it generated to date ( >110,000 article views, >22,000 article downloads, >500 citations) signals a fast-growing interest from scientific communities of different disciplines. We aim to highlight more recent advances to inform a diverse audience working on basic and translational research.
Data Mining And Statistical Methods For Knowledge Discovery In Diseases Based On Multimodal Omics
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Author : Jiajie Peng
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-06-06
Data Mining And Statistical Methods For Knowledge Discovery In Diseases Based On Multimodal Omics written by Jiajie Peng and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-06 with Science categories.
New Progress In Cancer Biomarkers And Therapy
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Author : Guohui Sun
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-03-18
New Progress In Cancer Biomarkers And Therapy written by Guohui Sun and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-18 with Science categories.
As we know, cancer is an important disease threatening human health. According to the latest statistics in “Global Cancer Statistics 2020”, cancer is expected to overtake cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of premature death in most countries this century. That sounds pretty terrible, but it is believed that this situation should be better along with the advances in tumor biology. There is no doubt that biomarkers have very significant clinical implications, which can be used for early diagnosis, monitoring progress, and predicting the prognosis of cancer.
Aging Peripheral Inflammation And Neurodegeneration
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Author : Caroline Haikal
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-12-26
Aging Peripheral Inflammation And Neurodegeneration written by Caroline Haikal and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-26 with Science categories.
Aging is a major risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. The immune response is often dysregulated in aging, leading to a predisposition towards a state of chronic inflammation. The precise processes which support this inflammatory state are still a subject of debate, however, cell- and tissue-specific transcriptional changes in several immune-related genes have been identified as potential drivers. In addition to genetic changes, losses in the bacterial diversity within the microbiome are also observed during aging. However, it is unclear whether this may be a cause or consequence of inflammation. Host-microbiome interactions are highly complex and are known to modulate the immune response in several ways. For instance, while bacteria and some bacterial byproducts such as short chain fatty acids can induce differentiation of regulatory T cells and stimulate secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, other byproducts can activate pathogen recognition receptors to induce inflammation. Bacteria can also regulate the transcription of human genes that regulate immune homeostasis and pathogen response. In turn, microRNAs produced by the gut epithelium can regulate transcription in bacteria.
Metabolic And Senescence Characteristics Associated With The Immune Microenvironment In Tumor Cells
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Author : Yewei Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-04-11
Metabolic And Senescence Characteristics Associated With The Immune Microenvironment In Tumor Cells written by Yewei Zhang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-11 with Medical categories.
A common feature of cancer metabolism is the ability to obtain essential nutrients from a nutrient-poor environment and use them to maintain viability as well as generate new biomass. Alterations in intracellular and extracellular metabolites can be accompanied by tumor-associated metabolic reprogramming with profound effects on gene expression, cell differentiation, and tumor microenvironment. In these cases, the metabolic microenvironment of the tumor itself can present an immunosuppressive environment that needs to be overcome. Specifically, it will help maximize the efficacy of cancer therapies by identifying targets that suppress or alter cancer metabolism to improve the tumor microenvironment nutrient availability or that modulate immune metabolism to bolster inflammation.
Women In Science Genetics
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Author : Rana Dajani
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-11-11
Women In Science Genetics written by Rana Dajani and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-11 with Science categories.
Immune Regulations Of Inflammatory Skin Diseases
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Author : Chun-Bing Chen
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-10-14
Immune Regulations Of Inflammatory Skin Diseases written by Chun-Bing Chen and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-14 with Medical categories.
Skin is our primary interface with the environment, and T cells are crucial for orchestrating host immune responses against pathogenic microorganisms. Dysregulated immune responses, on the other hand, can result in chronic inflammatory skin diseases. The complex regulatory networks include effector T cells, memory T cells, regulatory T cells, immunoregulatory co-signaling molecules and cytokines that control skin immunity, and the mechanisms that regulate skin immune responses in host defense and in immune-mediated cutaneous diseases. The immune-regulatory networks are involved in the common inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, vitiligo, bullous diseases, and cutaneous adverse drug reaction. The goal of this Research Topic is to provide a forum to advance research on the contribution of skin inflammation to the genesis and development of the skin diseases as well as to explore innovative skin-oriented pharmacological interventions, mainly on the immune regulatory networks, in the attempt to achieve a beneficial impact on the skin disease course.
Gut Microbiota In Health And Disease
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Author : Diogo Alpuim Costa
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-03-07
Gut Microbiota In Health And Disease written by Diogo Alpuim Costa and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-07 with Medical categories.
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host health maintenance and disease pathogenesis. The largest reservoir of microbiota exists in gastrointestinal tract, both in the lumen, where microbes facilitate primary and secondary metabolism, and on mucosal surfaces, where they interact with host immune cell populations. Dysbiosis is associated with decreased microbiota function and diversity, disrupted epithelial barrier, bacterial translocation, inflammation, and local/systemic microbial-driven immunomodulation. In fact, gut dysbiosis appears to be associated with increased risk of developing inflammatory, autoimmune, and malignant diseases. In addition, it is important to explore implications of microbiota variations on drug disposition, action and toxicity.