Metastability
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Metastability
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Author : Anton Bovier
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-02-11
Metastability written by Anton Bovier and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-11 with Mathematics categories.
This monograph provides a concise presentation of a mathematical approach to metastability, a wide-spread phenomenon in the dynamics of non-linear systems - physical, chemical, biological or economic - subject to the action of temporal random forces typically referred to as noise, based on potential theory of reversible Markov processes. The authors shed new light on the metastability phenomenon as a sequence of visits of the path of the process to different metastable sets, and focuses on the precise analysis of the respective hitting probabilities and hitting times of these sets. The theory is illustrated with many examples, ranging from finite-state Markov chains, finite-dimensional diffusions and stochastic partial differential equations, via mean-field dynamics with and without disorder, to stochastic spin-flip and particle-hop dynamics and probabilistic cellular automata, unveiling the common universal features of these systems with respect to their metastable behaviour. The monograph will serve both as comprehensive introduction and as reference for graduate students and researchers interested in metastability.
Collapse Of Metastability
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Author : Seiji Miyashita
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-11-05
Collapse Of Metastability written by Seiji Miyashita and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-05 with Science categories.
To understand phenomena in nature, it is important to focus not only on properties of stationary states, but also their changes in time, that is, the dynamics between bistable states. This book reviews the mechanics of first-order phase transitions and discusses relaxation and collapses of metastable states from various viewpoints, including Kramers' method for the lifetime of metastability, Langer’s analysis on the singularity, effects of thermal fluctuation studied by Néel and Brown, and eigenvalue structures of the transfer-matrix for the phase transitions. The book also goes into the mechanics of metastability in quantum systems from the viewpoints of the eigenvalue problem of the Hamiltonian and the Liouvillian for a dynamical process and discusses relations between quantum tunneling processes and metastability therein. Lastly, the coercivity of magnets consisting of an ensemble of grains is reviewed. The book is beneficial for those new in the field as a primer on first-order phase transition from modern perspectives. The comprehensive content offers overviews of related topics and allows readers to quickly catch up with developments in the field.
Metastability And Markov State Models In Molecular Dynamics
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Author : Christof Schütte
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2013-12-26
Metastability And Markov State Models In Molecular Dynamics written by Christof Schütte and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-26 with Mathematics categories.
Applications in modern biotechnology and molecular medicine often require simulation of biomolecular systems in atomic representation with immense length and timescales that are far beyond the capacity of computer power currently available. As a consequence, there is an increasing need for reduced models that describe the relevant dynamical properties while at the same time being less complex. In this book the authors exploit the existence of metastable sets for constructing such a reduced molecular dynamics model, the so-called Markov state model (MSM), with good approximation properties on the long timescales. With its many examples and illustrations, this book is addressed to graduate students, mathematicians, and practical computational scientists wanting an overview of the mathematical background for the ever-increasing research activity on how to construct MSMs for very different molecular systems ranging from peptides to proteins, from RNA to DNA, and via molecular sensors to molecular aggregation. This book bridges the gap between mathematical research on molecular dynamics and its practical use for realistic molecular systems by providing readers with tools for performing in-depth analysis of simulation and data-analysis methods. Titles in this series are co-published with the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University.
Large Deviations And Metastability
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Author : Enzo Olivieri
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-02-21
Large Deviations And Metastability written by Enzo Olivieri and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-02-21 with Mathematics categories.
The book provides a general introduction to the theory of large deviations and a wide overview of the metastable behaviour of stochastic dynamics. With only minimal prerequisites, the book covers all the main results and brings the reader to the most recent developments. Particular emphasis is given to the fundamental Freidlin-Wentzell results on small random perturbations of dynamical systems. Metastability is first described on physical grounds, following which more rigorous approaches to its description are developed. Many relevant examples are considered from the point of view of the so-called pathwise approach. The first part of the book develops the relevant tools including the theory of large deviations which are then used to provide a physically relevant dynamical description of metastability. Written to be accessible to graduate students, this book provides an excellent route into contemporary research.
Phase Transitions In Polymers The Role Of Metastable States
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Author : Stephen Z.D. Cheng
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2008-09-10
Phase Transitions In Polymers The Role Of Metastable States written by Stephen Z.D. Cheng and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-10 with Science categories.
A classical metastable state possesses a local free energy minimum at infinite sizes, but not a global one. This concept is phase size independent. We have studied a number of experimental results and proposed a new concept that there exists a wide range of metastable states in polymers on different length scales where their metastability is critically determined by the phase size and dimensionality. Metastable states are also observed in phase transformations that are kinetically impeded on the pathway to thermodynamic equilibrium. This was illustrated in structural and morphological investigations of crystallization and mesophase transitions, liquid-liquid phase separation, vitrification and gel formation, as well as combinations of these transformation processes. The phase behaviours in polymers are thus dominated by interlinks of metastable states on different length scales. This concept successfully explains many experimental observations and provides a new way to connect different aspects of polymer physics.* Written by a leading scholar and industry expert* Presents new and cutting edge material encouraging innovation and future research* Connects hot topics and leading research in one concise volume
Ic Design Insights From Selected Presentations At Cicc 2017
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Author : Ali Sheikholeslami
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-09-01
Ic Design Insights From Selected Presentations At Cicc 2017 written by Ali Sheikholeslami and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-01 with Science categories.
This book contains a selection of tutorial and invited presentations that were given at the IEEE CICC 2017 in Austin, Texas. The selection of the talks was made to provide a comprehensive coverage of key topics, including Circuits Techniques for mm-wave front-ends, RF and mm-wave receivers and frequency synthesis, data and DC-DC converters, and techniques for IoT security.The book is organized into five parts, namely:I: Millimeter-wave Transmitter CircuitsII: Millimeter-wave and RF Receiver Circuits III: Data ConvertersIV: DC-DC Converters and Voltage RegulatorsV: IoT Security Circuits and Techniques The book is part of an educational initiative of the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society to offer its members state of the art educational material.
Handbook Of Digital Cmos Technology Circuits And Systems
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Author : Karim Abbas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-14
Handbook Of Digital Cmos Technology Circuits And Systems written by Karim Abbas and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a comprehensive reference for everything that has to do with digital circuits. The author focuses equally on all levels of abstraction. He tells a bottom-up story from the physics level to the finished product level. The aim is to provide a full account of the experience of designing, fabricating, understanding, and testing a microchip. The content is structured to be very accessible and self-contained, allowing readers with diverse backgrounds to read as much or as little of the book as needed. Beyond a basic foundation of mathematics and physics, the book makes no assumptions about prior knowledge. This allows someone new to the field to read the book from the beginning. It also means that someone using the book as a reference will be able to answer their questions without referring to any external sources.
Fluid Inclusions
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Author : Edwin Roedder
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2018-12-17
Fluid Inclusions written by Edwin Roedder and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-17 with Science categories.
Volume 12 of Reviews in Mineralogy introduces to fluid inclusions. It covers the folowing questions: when and where inclusions form. how they change, how to prepare material and make microthermometric measurementsl, how to interpret these data, and what has been found in applications of fluid-inclusion studies to each of a series of different geologic environments. This book also attempts to discuss the many applications of fluid inclusions to the study of and understanding of geologic processes and the geologic environments in which they acted.
Downward Causation And The Neurobiology Of Free Will
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Author : Nancey Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-09-30
Downward Causation And The Neurobiology Of Free Will written by Nancey Murphy and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-30 with Science categories.
How is free will possible in the light of the physical and chemical underpinnings of brain activity and recent neurobiological experiments? How can the emergence of complexity in hierarchical systems such as the brain, based at the lower levels in physical interactions, lead to something like genuine free will? The nature of our understanding of free will in the light of present-day neuroscience is becoming increasingly important because of remarkable discoveries on the topic being made by neuroscientists at the present time, on the one hand, and its crucial importance for the way we view ourselves as human beings, on the other. A key tool in understanding how free will may arise in this context is the idea of downward causation in complex systems, happening coterminously with bottom up causation, to form an integral whole. Top-down causation is usually neglected, and is therefore emphasized in the other part of the book’s title. The concept is explored in depth, as are the ethical and legal implications of our understanding of free will. This book arises out of a workshop held in California in April of 2007, which was chaired by Dr. Christof Koch. It was unusual in terms of the breadth of people involved: they included physicists, neuroscientists, psychiatrists, philosophers, and theologians. This enabled the meeting, and hence the resulting book, to attain a rather broader perspective on the issue than is often attained at academic symposia. The book includes contributions by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, George F. R. Ellis , Christopher D. Frith, Mark Hallett, David Hodgson, Owen D. Jones, Alicia Juarrero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Christof Koch, Hans Küng, Hakwan C. Lau, Dean Mobbs, Nancey Murphy, William Newsome, Timothy O’Connor, Sean A.. Spence, and Evan Thompson.
Beyond First Order Model Theory Volume Ii
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Author : Jose Iovino
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-07-03
Beyond First Order Model Theory Volume Ii written by Jose Iovino and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-03 with Mathematics categories.
Model theory is the meta-mathematical study of the concept of mathematical truth. After Afred Tarski coined the term Theory of Models in the early 1950’s, it rapidly became one of the central most active branches of mathematical logic. In the last few decades, ideas that originated within model theory have provided powerful tools to solve problems in a variety of areas of classical mathematics, including algebra, combinatorics, geometry, number theory, and Banach space theory and operator theory. The two volumes of Beyond First Order Model Theory present the reader with a fairly comprehensive vista, rich in width and depth, of some of the most active areas of contemporary research in model theory beyond the realm of the classical first-order viewpoint. Each chapter is intended to serve both as an introduction to a current direction in model theory and as a presentation of results that are not available elsewhere. All the articles are written so that they can be studied independently of one another. This second volume contains introductions to real-valued logic and applications, abstract elementary classes and applications, interconnections between model theory and function spaces, nonstucture theory, and model theory of second-order logic. Features A coherent introduction to current trends in model theory. Contains articles by some of the most influential logicians of the last hundred years. No other publication brings these distinguished authors together. Suitable as a reference for advanced undergraduate, postgraduates, and researchers. Material presented in the book (e.g, abstract elementary classes, first-order logics with dependent sorts, and applications of infinitary logics in set theory) is not easily accessible in the current literature. The various chapters in the book can be studied independently.