Microbial Phylogeny And Evolution
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Microbial Phylogeny And Evolution
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Author : Jan Sapp
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005-03-03
Microbial Phylogeny And Evolution written by Jan Sapp and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-03-03 with Science categories.
The birth of bacterial genomics since the mid-1990s brought withit several conceptual modifications and wholly new controversies. Working beyond the scope of the neo-Darwinian evolutionary synthesis, a group of leading microbial evolutionists addresses the following and related issues, often with markedly varied viewpoints: ? Did the eukaryotic nucleus, cytoskeleton and cilia also orginate from symbiosis? ? Do the current scenarios about he origin of mitochondria and plastids require revision? ? What is the extent of lateral gene transfer (between "species") among bacteria? ? Does the rDNA phylogenetic tree still stand in the age of genomics? ? Is the course of the first 3 billion years of evolution even knowable?
Microbial Phylogeny And Evolution
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Author : Jan Sapp
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Microbial Phylogeny And Evolution written by Jan Sapp and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Microorganisms categories.
The extent of lateral gene transfer amongst diverse microbes is raising doubt as to the applicability of the concept of species in the microbial world. Leading microbial evolutionists discuss phylogeny & evolutionary theory in the light of the latest discoveries.
Phylogeny And Evolution Of Bacteria And Mitochondria
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Author : Mauro Degli Esposti
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-10-26
Phylogeny And Evolution Of Bacteria And Mitochondria written by Mauro Degli Esposti and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-26 with Medical categories.
Life on earth began with bacteria, which now colonize every corner of the planet. As the ancestors of mitochondria, bacteria are also fundamental for our cells. Most bacteria look alike, but have very different functions. Therefore, knowing the functional profile of bacteria helps understand their impact on our life. This book provides a wealth of information on the functional evolution of bacteria in a novel and coherent way. The book is aimed towards scientists as well as those who are curious about the world of bacteria and their relationships with mitochondria, the powerhouses of our cells, and us.
Evolution Of Microbial Life
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Author : Society for General Microbiology. Symposium
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1996-11-13
Evolution Of Microbial Life written by Society for General Microbiology. Symposium and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-11-13 with Medical categories.
This volume considers the evolution and diversification of early unicellular life.
Microbial Taxonomy Phylogeny And Biodiversity
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Author : Jesús L. Romalde
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-12-31
Microbial Taxonomy Phylogeny And Biodiversity written by Jesús L. Romalde and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-31 with categories.
The great diversity of microbial life is the remaining major reservoir of unknown biological diversity on earth. To understand this vast, but largely unperceived diversity with its untapped genetic, enzymatic and industrial potential, microbial systematics is undergoing a revolutionary change in its approach to describe novel taxa based on genomic/envirogenomic information. The characterization of an organism is no longer bounded by methodological barriers, and it is now possible to fully sequence the whole genome of a strain to study individual genes, or to examine the genetic information by using different techniques. In fact, application of genomics is helping not only to provide a better understanding of the boundaries of genera and higher levels of classification, but also to refine our definition of the species concept. In addition, increased understanding of phylogeny is allowing to predict the genetic potential of microorganisms for biotechnological applications and adaptation to environmental changes. The present Research Topic on “Microbial Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Biodiversity” compiles a collection of papers covering the use of genomic sequence data in microbial taxonomy and systematics, including evolutionary relatedness of microorganisms; application of comparative genomics in systematic studies; or metagenomic approaches for biodiversity studies. We hope that this eBook incentives and encourages researchers for future discussions on microbial taxonomy and phylogenetics.
Microbial Evolution
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Author : Howard Ochman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Microbial Evolution written by Howard Ochman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Science categories.
Bacteria have been the dominant forms of life on Earth for the past 3.5 billion years. They rapidly evolve, constantly changing their genetic architecture through horizontal DNA transfer and other mechanisms. Consequently, it can be difficult to define individual species and determine how they are related. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines how bacteria and other microbes evolve, focusing on insights from genomics-based studies. Contributors discuss the origins of new microbial populations, the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that keep species separate once they have diverged, and the challenges of constructing phylogenetic trees that accurately reflect their relationships. They describe the organization of microbial genomes, the various mutations that occur, including the birth of new genes de novo and by duplication, and how natural selection acts on those changes. The role of horizontal gene transfer as a strong driver of microbial evolution is emphasized throughout. The authors also explore the geologic evidence for early microbial evolution and describe the use of microbial evolution experiments to examine phenomena like natural selection. This volume will thus be essential reading for all microbial ecologists, population geneticists, and evolutionary biologists.
Microbial Evolution Under Extreme Conditions
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Author : Corien Bakermans
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2015-03-10
Microbial Evolution Under Extreme Conditions written by Corien Bakermans and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-10 with Nature categories.
Today's microorganisms represent the vast majority of biodiversity on Earth and have survived nearly 4 billion years of evolutionary change. However, we still know little about the processes of evolution as applied to microorganisms and microbial populations. Microbial evolution occurred and continues to take place in a vast variety of environmental conditions that range from anoxic to oxic, from hot to cold, from free-living to symbiotic, etc. Some of these physicochemical conditions are considered "extreme", particularly when inhabitants are limited to microorganisms. It is easy to imagine that microbial life in extreme environments is somehow more constrained and perhaps subjected to different evolutionary pressures. But what do we actually know about microbial evolution under extreme conditions and how can we apply that knowledge to other conditions? Appealingly, extreme environments with their relatively limited numbers of inhabitants can serve as good model systems for the study of evolutionary processes. A look at the microbial inhabitants of today's extreme environments provides a snapshot in time of evolution and adaptation to extreme conditions. These adaptations manifest at different levels from established communities and species to genome content and changes in specific genes that result in altered function or gene expression. But as a recent (2011) report from the American Academy of Microbiology observes: "A complex issue in the study of microbial evolution is unraveling the process of evolution from that of adaptation. In many cases, microbes have the capacity to adapt to various environmental changes by changing gene expression or community composition as opposed to having to evolve entirely new capabilities." We have learned much about how microbes are adapted to extreme conditions but relatively little is known about these adaptations evolved. How did the different processes of evolution such as mutation, immigration, horizontal (lateral) gene transfer, recombination, hybridization, genetic drift, fixation, positive and negative selection, and selective screens contribute to the evolution of these genes, genomes, microbial species, communities, and functions? What are typical rates of these processes? How prevalent are each of these processes under different conditions? This book explores the current state of knowledge about microbial evolution under extreme conditions and addresses the following questions: What is known about the processes of microbial evolution (mechanisms, rates, etc.) under extreme conditions? Can this knowledge be applied to other systems and what is the broader relevance? What remains unknown and requires future research? These questions will be addressed from several perspectives including different extreme environments, specific organisms, and specific evolutionary processes.
The New Foundations Of Evolution
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Author : Jan Sapp
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009-11-05
The New Foundations Of Evolution written by Jan Sapp and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-05 with Science categories.
This book presents a history of microbial evolutionary biology from the 19th century to the present. It follows the research of molecular evolutionists who explore the origins of the genetic system and the primary life forms: three domains and multiple kingdoms, created by mechanisms very unlike those considered by Darwin and his followers.
Molecular Mechanisms Of Microbial Evolution
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Author : Pabulo H. Rampelotto
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-10-12
Molecular Mechanisms Of Microbial Evolution written by Pabulo H. Rampelotto and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-12 with Science categories.
One of the most profound paradigms that have transformed our understanding about life over the last decades was the acknowledgement that microorganisms play a central role in shaping the past and present environments on Earth and the nature of all life forms. Each organism is the product of its history and all extant life traces back to common ancestors, which were microorganisms. Nowadays, microorganisms represent the vast majority of biodiversity on Earth and have survived nearly 4 billion years of evolutionary change. Microbial evolution occurred and continues to take place in a great variety of environmental conditions. However, we still know little about the processes of evolution as applied to microorganisms and microbial populations. In addition, the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms communicate/interact with each other and with multicellular organisms remains poorly understood. Such patterns of microbe-host interaction are essential to understand the evolution of microbial symbiosis and pathogenesis.Recent advances in DNA sequencing, high-throughput technologies, and genetic manipulation systems have enabled studies that directly characterize the molecular and genomic bases of evolution, producing data that are making us change our view of the microbial world. The notion that mutations in the coding regions of genomes are, in combination with selective forces, the main contributors to biodiversity needs to be re-examined as evidence accumulates, indicating that many non-coding regions that contain regulatory signals show a high rate of variation even among closely related organisms. Comparative analyses of an increasing number of closely related microbial genomes have yielded exciting insight into the sources of microbial genome variability with respect to gene content, gene order and evolution of genes with unknown functions. Furthermore, laboratory studies (i.e. experimental microbial evolution) are providing fundamental biological insight through direct observation of the evolution process. They not only enable testing evolutionary theory and principles, but also have applications to metabolic engineering and human health. Overall, these studies ranging from viruses to Bacteria to microbial Eukaryotes are illuminating the mechanisms of evolution at a resolution that Darwin, Delbruck and Dobzhansky could barely have imagined. Consequently, it is timely to review and highlight the progress so far as well as discuss what remains unknown and requires future research. This book explores the current state of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of microbial evolution with a collection of papers written by authors who are leading experts in the field.
Microbial Genomics Challenge Darwin
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Author : Didier Raoult
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :
Microbial Genomics Challenge Darwin written by Didier Raoult and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
The 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birthday was celebrated in 2009, making the concept of Darwinism even more popular than at the time it was originally proposed, to the extent that it has acquired quasi-religious status. His theory revolves around a Tree of Life in which all living organisms are considered to have descended from a single ancestor, and each node represents a common ancestor. It comprises hierarchy and dichotomy, which are typical characteristics of the post-biblical 19th century vision. Indeed, according to post-modern philosophy (also called the French theory) the majority of theories, including scientific ones, are based only on meta-narratives expressing the influence of a culture at a given time. Buddhism or Hinduism may have generated a very different story of evolution. Our way of thinking about life, and the way we describe evolution, have changed radically in the 21st century due to the genomic revolution. Comparative genome analyses have demonstrated that gene repertoires are characterized by plasticity, and there is strong evidence that nearly all genes have been exchanged at some point. Genomic data show that the genetic information of living organisms is inherited not only vertically but also laterally. Lateral gene transfers were at first observed only in bacteria, which contain genes originating from eukaryotes, Archaea and viruses. Such transfers were subsequently identified in all living organisms; giant viruses have chimeric genomes and the human genome is a mosaic of genes with eukaryotic, bacterial, and viral origins. We cannot identify a single common ancestor for the gene repertoire of any organism. Furthermore, a very high proportion of genes have been newly created through gene fusion or degradation, and others show no homology to sequences found in other species. It is now clear that every living organism has a variety of ancestors, while exchanges between species are intense, and the creation of new genes is frequent and permanent in all living organisms. Our current genomic knowledge contradicts the tree of life theory, as established by Darwin. Recent analyses have produced bushes rather than resolved trees, with the structure of some parts remaining elusive. It becomes more and more obvious that phylogenetic relationships are better described by forests and networks and that species evolution looks more like a rhizome. The chimerism and mosaic structure of all living organisms through both non-vertical inheritance and de novo creation can only be assimilated and described by a post-Darwinist concept. In this Research Topic we wish to highlight the influence of microbiology and genomics on our understanding of the complexity of gene repertoires, and also demonstrate how current knowledge does not support Darwin’s theory. Microbiology has offered a great advance in the way we perceive life. Evidence obtained from studies on bacterial and viral evolution, lateral inheritance, phylogenetic trees and biodiversity continues to challenge what constituted, until recently, an unimpeded dogma in biology.