Micrornas In Malignant Tumors Of The Skin
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Micrornas In Malignant Tumors Of The Skin
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Author : Michael Sand
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-30
Micrornas In Malignant Tumors Of The Skin written by Michael Sand and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-30 with Medical categories.
Michael Sand gives the reader an overview of current techniques in expression profiling of miRNAs and their maturation machinery in the skin. This book is a postdoctoral thesis on miRNAs in cutaneous malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer with a focus on the miRNA processing machinery and miRNA expression profiling. The research presented in this book was performed in the Dermatologic Surgery Section at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany and gives the reader an overview of current techniques in expression profiling of miRNAs and their maturation machinery in the skin.
Microrna 130a A Tumor Suppressive Mirna In Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Author : Warangkana Lohcharoenkal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Microrna 130a A Tumor Suppressive Mirna In Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Warangkana Lohcharoenkal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the skin resulting from the accumulation of somatic mutations due to solar radiation. It is one of the fastest increasing malignancies in Sweden and represents a particular problem among immunosuppressed individuals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes at the posttranscriptional level. Global analysis of miRNA expression in human cSCC identified miR-130a as one of the miRNAs that downregulated in cSCC and in this study we investigated its function in the disease in in vitro and in vivo disease models. The decreased expression of miR-130a in cSCCs was confirmed by qPCR and LNA in situ hybridization. We found that the expression of miR-130a is regulated by HRas proto-oncogene. To address the role of miR-130a in vivo, we engineered a stable miR-130a cSCC cell line via lentiviral transduction and performed tumor xenograft experiments by injecting miR-130a-overexpressing cells into immunodeficient mice subcutaneously. We observed that miR-130a suppressed cancer growth on mice from 4 weeks after injection and onwards significantly. The tumors were harvested at week 6 and we observed that tumors formed by miR-130a-overexpressing SCC cells weighed significantly less compared with controls. We investigated the function of miR-130a in cSCC and found that ectopic overexpression of miR-130a in two different SCC cell lines (A431 and UT-SCC-7) resulted in the suppression of their self-renewal capacity as determined by colony formation and sphere formation assay. MiR-130a also inhibited cell motility of SCC cells as demonstrated by scratch- and Transwell migration assays as well as invasion capacity through Matrigel in Transwell invasion assays. Mechanistically, we verified ACVR1, a TGF-u03b2 superfamily member, as a direct target of miR-130a. These results could contribute to the understanding of the molecular processes of neoplastic transformation in epidermal keratinocytes which could lead to novel therapeutic target for cSCC.
Microrna 193b Functions As A Tumor Suppressor In Malignant Melanoma
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Author : Jiamin Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Microrna 193b Functions As A Tumor Suppressor In Malignant Melanoma written by Jiamin Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Cutaneous melanoma is an increasingly common skin cancer characterized by aggressive metastatic growth and poor prognosis. The mechanisms behind melanoma progression are not fully understood, but emerging evidence suggests that a group of newly discovered small regulatory RNAs, named microRNAs (miRNAs), plays an important role. miRNAs are ~ 22 nucleotide single strand non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation and translation inhibition. Abnormal expression of miRNAs has been observed in human malignancies and is associated with tumorigenesis. The main goals of this thesis are to investigate miRNA dysregulation in melanoma and to identify potential miRNAs involved in melanoma pathogenesis. Initially, the expression of 470 miRNAs was profiled in 8 metastatic melanoma and 8 benign nevus tissue samples. We discovered unique miRNA expression profiles and identified differentially expressed miRNAs in melanomas as compared to nevi. miR-193b was one of the most significantly downregulated miRNAs in melanoma, and its function and regulatory targets were unknown. Subsequently, in vitro functional studies revealed that ectopic expression of miR-193b in melanoma cells drastically repressed cell proliferation and migration. Although it does not directly induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, miR-193b does sensitize these cells to ABT-737-mediated cell death. In concert with functional studies, gene expression analysis and in silico target prediction were performed to globally screen for mRNA targets of miR-193b. We identified eighteen genes as candidates in that they were downregulated by miR-193b and contained predicted miR-193b binding sites. Based on their known biological functions, three genes were particularly interesting: cyclin D1 (CCND1), myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1), and stathmin 1 (STMN1). CCND1 and Mcl-1 are two well-known melanoma oncogenes, and we validated their role in cell proliferation and apoptosis respectively. Furthermore, using similar approach, we were the first to identify STMN1 as a novel melanoma oncogene. We demonstrated that CCND1, Mcl-1, and STMN1 were directly regulated by miR-193b. During melanoma progression, reduced expression of miR-193b may promote cell proliferation, migration and survival. Taken together, this thesis describes the dysregulation of miRNAs in melanoma and demonstrates that miR-193b functions as a tumor suppressor.
Micrornas In Cancer
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Author : César López-Camarillo
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-02-22
Micrornas In Cancer written by César López-Camarillo and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-22 with Science categories.
MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets as well as the potential use in translational medicine. Chapters present comprehensive and expert perspectives on the roles of miRNAs in most common cancers from bench to bedside applications and are written by an international team of renowned experts in the field.
Microrna Expression Patterns In Tpl2 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Author : Laura Rose Purkey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Microrna Expression Patterns In Tpl2 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Laura Rose Purkey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Biology categories.
Skin cancer remains the most common type of cancer in the world, and of skin cancers, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common. cSCC derives from a mutated cell type in the outermost layer of the skin called keratinocytes. In this shift from normal to mutated keratinocytes, the tumor suppressor gene Tpl2 plays a large molecular role. In cSCC, there is an activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in the MAPK pathway, a cell signaling path that regulates signals involved in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and inflammation. Research demonstrates that Tpl2 knockout mouse models (Tpl2 -/-) are more prone to developing cSCC than wildtype models (Tpl2 +/+). Tpl2 -/- keratinocytes exhibit the same upregulated activation of RTKs in MAPK as observed in cSCC, even at a baseline, though the reason for this is unknown. miRNAs, capable of downregulating protein expression, and dysregulated in many cancers, were considered as a possible reason.Specific miRNAs have been shown to regulate a family of receptors in MAPK called ERBB in breast cancer, but their role in cSCC is less studied. Therefore, it was hypothesized that miRNAs 7, 21, 205, and 125 could be differentially expressed between Tpl2 +/+ and Tpl2 -/- keratinocytes, and thus, involved in RTK upregulation in Tpl2 -/-. To study this, Tpl2 +/+ and Tpl2 -/- keratinocytes were isolated, RT-qPCR was utilized to assess miRNA abundance, and western blotting to quantify protein levels of RTKs. It was found that miR205 and miR21 are upregulated in Tpl2 -/- untreated keratinocytes. miR21's upregulation was expected, but its role as an oncomiR should be further investigated. miR205's upregulation was unexpected but could be explained by expression patterns in cSCC tumor samples in conjunction with Tpl2 baseline keratinocytes. It does not seem that these miRNAs are responsible for RTK activation, therefore, investigating Tpl2 -/- protein stability could be a potential future direction.
Handbook Of Nutrition Diet And Epigenetics
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Author : Vinood B. Patel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-27
Handbook Of Nutrition Diet And Epigenetics written by Vinood B. Patel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-27 with Medical categories.
This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.
Research On Melanoma
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Author : Mandi Murph
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2011-09-12
Research On Melanoma written by Mandi Murph and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-12 with Medical categories.
The book Research on Melanoma: A Glimpse into Current Directions and Future Trends, is divided into sections to represent the most cutting-edge topics in melanoma from around the world. The emerging epigenetics of disease, novel therapeutics under development and the molecular signaling aberrations are explained in detail. Since there are a number of areas in which unknowns exist surrounding the complex development of melanoma and its response to therapy, this book illuminates and comprehensively discusses such aspects. It is relevant for teaching the novice researcher who wants to initiate projects in melanoma and the more senior researcher seeking to polish their existing knowledge in this area. Many chapters include visuals and illustrations designed to easily guide the reader through the ideas presented.
Microrna Cancer Regulation
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Author : Ulf Schmitz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-02-03
Microrna Cancer Regulation written by Ulf Schmitz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-03 with Medical categories.
This edited reflects the current state of knowledge about the role of microRNAs in the formation and progression of solid tumours. The main focus lies on computational methods and applications, together with cutting edge experimental techniques that are used to approach all aspects of microRNA regulation in cancer. We are sure that the emergence of high-throughput quantitative techniques will make this integrative approach absolutely necessary in the near future. This book will be a resource for researchers starting out with cancer microRNA research, but is also intended for the experienced researcher who wants to incorporate concepts and tools from systems biology and bioinformatics into his work. Bioinformaticians and modellers are provided with a general perspective on microRNA biology in cancer, and the state-of-the-art in computational microRNA biology.
The Origin Function And Diagnostic Potential Of Extracellular Microrna In Human Body Fluids
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Author : Andrey Turchinovich
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-07-28
The Origin Function And Diagnostic Potential Of Extracellular Microrna In Human Body Fluids written by Andrey Turchinovich and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-28 with Blood categories.
Short non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in living cells. In recent years, miRNAs have been found in a wide spectrum of mammalian body fluids including blood plasma, saliva, urine, milk, seminal plasma, tears and amniotic fluid as extracellular circulating nuclease-resistant entities. The changes in miRNA spectra observed in certain fluids correlated with various pathological conditions suggesting that extracellular miRNAs can serve as informative biomarkers for certain diseases including cancer. However, the mechanism of generation and a biological role of extracellular miRNAs remain unclear. The current theories regarding extracellular miRNA origin and function suggest that these miRNAs can be either non-specific ‘by-products’ of cellular activity and cell death or specifically released cell-cell signaling messengers. The goal of this Research Topic is to bring together up-to-date knowledge about the extracellular miRNA and its role in disease diagnostics and, possibly, inter-cellular communication.
Global Epidemiology Of Cancer
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Author : Jahangir Moini
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2022-03-22
Global Epidemiology Of Cancer written by Jahangir Moini and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-22 with Medical categories.
GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER Cancer is the second highest cause of death in the United States, and a leading cause of death globally. Our goals are to discuss the global epidemiology of various cancers, with detailed information on their prevalence, incidence, and clinical considerations. Epidemiology is the key to understanding the mortality and morbidity of cancer, and how we can prevent, diagnose, and treat the disease. Prevention of cancer is essential for saving lives. Prevalence and incidence of cancer are key factors that each government and population must be aware of. Advances in the study of cancer occur on a regular basis, and this book provides the latest insights about relationships between the disease and stem cells, tumorigenesis, molecular interactions, pathways, channels, and immunity. Global Epidemiology of Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment meets the needs of readers by providing current information about epidemiology (including molecular epidemiology), diagnosis, and treatment. Providing logical, step-by-step information on various cancers, this book consolidates all of the most up-to-date information and data from verified studies on all different types of cancers in the United States and throughout the world. Chapters are presented so that each includes an overview, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology and risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis. Global Epidemiology of Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment will be invaluable to graduate and postgraduate students, including medical students; nurses; physician assistants; residents in oncology; public health students and allied health students.