Modals And Periphrastics In English
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New English Grammar For Esl Students
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Author : Fritz-Meyer Sannon
language : en
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Release Date : 2004
New English Grammar For Esl Students written by Fritz-Meyer Sannon and has been published by AuthorHouse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Education categories.
"New English Grammar and Exercises for ESL Students" (beginner-intermediate-advanced) including 100 euphemisms, 200 troublesome words in American English, 100 proverbs, 200 idiomatic expressions ( in English, in Spanish, in French), This manual is an indispensable tool for high school, college students, professionals and office workers.
Explaining English Grammar
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Author : George Yule
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1998-11-12
Explaining English Grammar written by George Yule and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-11-12 with Foreign Language Study categories.
This book is intended for teachers of English.
Modality Aspect Interfaces
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Author : Werner Abraham
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2008-06-26
Modality Aspect Interfaces written by Werner Abraham and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The main topics pursued in this volume are based on empirical insights derived from Germanic: logical and typological dispositions about aspect-modality links. These are probed in a variety of non-related languages. The logically establishable links are the following: Modal verbs are aspect sensitive in the selection of their infinitival complements – embedded infinitival perfectivity implies root modal reading, whereas embedded infinitival imperfectivity triggers epistemic readings. However, in marked contexts such as negated ones, the aspectual affinities of modal verbs are neutralized or even subject to markedness inversion. All of this suggests that languages that do not, or only partially, bestow upon full modal verb paradigms seek to express modal variations in terms of their aspect oppositions. This typological tenet is investigated in a variety of languages from Indo-European (German, Slavic, Armenian), African, Asian, Amerindian, and Creoles. Seeming deviations and idiosyncrasies in the interaction between aspect and modality turn out to be highly rule-based.
Modals And Periphrastics In English
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Author : Paul Westney
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2013-02-07
Modals And Periphrastics In English written by Paul Westney and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-07 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
English has a number of periphrastic verbal forms that are semantically close to particular modal verbs and perform suppletive functions in relation to them (eg, have (got) to - must and be able to - can). After an exploration of the syntactic, semantic and phonological properties of potential periphrastic forms, this study investigates the nature of the relationship between the modals must, should, will and can and various semantically close periphrastics, using a spoken corpus of British English as the primary source of data. The focus is on the pragmatic interpretation of the items being compared, with some attention to their functions in discourse. These items are notoriously idiosyncratic both syntactically and semantically, but the general contrast claimed by some scholars between the maximally unmarked status of modals and the relatively marked status of periphrastics is amply confirmed, and this, together with the basic association of modality with alternative possible worlds, is shown to be reflected in a number of different ways, including the claimed 'objectivity' of periphrastics and the tendency of some to be associated with actuality. Level of formality is also found to be a significant, though not uniform, factor here.
Modal Adjectives
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Author : An Van Linden
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2012-02-22
Modal Adjectives written by An Van Linden and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-22 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The book revisits the notion of deontic modality from the perspective of an understudied category in the modal domain, viz. adjectives. On the basis of synchronic and diachronic corpus studies, it analyses the semantics of English adjectives like essential and appropriate, and uses this to refine traditional definitions of deontic modality, which are mainly based on the study of modal verbs. In a first step, it is shown that the set of meanings expressed by extraposition constructions with deontic adjectives is quite different from the set of meanings identified in the literature on modal verbs. Adjectival complement constructions lack the directive meanings of obligation or permission, which are traditionally regarded as the core deontic categories, and they have semantic extensions towards non-modal meanings in the evaluative domain. In a second step, the analysis of adjectives is used to propose an alternative definition of deontic modality, which covers both the meanings of verbs and adjectives, and which can deal with the different extensions towards modal and non-modal categories. This is integrated into a conceptual map, which works both in diachrony, defining pathways of change from premodal to modal to evaluative meaning, and in synchrony, accommodating refinements within each set of meanings. In the process, this study points to the emergence of partially filled constructions, and it offers additional evidence for well-established changes in the history of English, such as the decline of the subjunctive and the rise of the to-infinitive in complement constructions. The book is of particular interest to researchers and graduate students with a focus on mood and modality, and the interface between syntax, semantics and pragmatics, as well as that between synchrony and diachrony.
Spanish English Contrasts
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Author : Melvin Stanley Whitley
language : en
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Release Date : 2002
Spanish English Contrasts written by Melvin Stanley Whitley and has been published by Georgetown University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Foreign Language Study categories.
An invaluable text in language and linguistics because it has a unique scope: a one-volume description of the Spanish language and its differences from English, and ranges from pronunciation and grammar to word meaning, language use, and social and dialectical variation. Designed for survey courses in Spanish linguistics with technical concepts explained in context for beginners in the field, Spanish/English Contrasts brings out the ways in which insights into the two languages have evolved as scholars have built on the work and research of others in the field. A bilingual glossary of linguistic terms is provided to facilitate discussion in either language. This second edition is thoroughly updated to incorporate insights and issues that have come to the fore from the explosion of research in the past twenty-five years in all of the areas covered by the book. It includes an expanded bibliography and index, and adds new exercises for student application and class discussion. Its approach remains broadly based however, in order to accommodate a range of areas and data rather than focusing narrowly on one single theory or research area, and it continues to emphasize implications for language teaching, translation, and other practical applications.
Models Of Modals
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Author : Ilse Depraetere
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2023-04-27
Models Of Modals written by Ilse Depraetere and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-27 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Modal verbs in English communicate delicate shades of meaning, there being a large range of verbs both on the necessity side (must, have to, should, ought to, need, need to) and the possibility side (can, may, could, might, be able to). They therefore constitute excellent test ground to apply and compare different methodologies that can lay bare the factors that drive the speaker’s choice of modal verb. This book is not merely concerned with a purely grammatical description of the use of modal verbs, but aims at advancing our understanding of lexical and grammatical units in general and of linguistic methodologies to explore these. It thus involves a genuine effort to compare, assess and combine a variety of approaches. It complements the leading descriptive qualitative work on modal verbs by testing a diverse range of quantitative methods, while not ignoring qualitative issues pertaining to the semantics-pragmatics interface. Starting from a critical assessment of what constitutes the meaning of modal verbs, different types of empirical studies (usage-based, data-driven and experimental), drawing considerably on the same data sets, shows how method triangulation can contribute to an enhanced understanding. Due attention is also given to individual variation as well as the degree to which modals can predict L2 proficiency level.
The Substance Of Language Volume Ii Morphology Paradigms And Periphrases
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Author : John Mathieson Anderson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2011-10-20
The Substance Of Language Volume Ii Morphology Paradigms And Periphrases written by John Mathieson Anderson and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-20 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The three linked but independent volumes of 'The Substance of Language' collectively overhaul linguistic theory from phonology to semantics and syntax to pragmatics and offer a full account of how linguistic related to function. They comprise a powerfully coherent understanding of the nature of language.
Modality Across Syntactic Categories
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Author : Ana Arregui
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-02-09
Modality Across Syntactic Categories written by Ana Arregui and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-09 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume explores the linguistic expression of modality in natural language from a cross-linguistic perspective. Modal expressions provide the basic tools that allow us to dissociate what we say from what is actually going on, allowing us to talk about what might happen or might have happened, as well as what is required, desirable, or permitted. Chapters in the book demonstrate that modality involves many more syntactic categories and levels of syntactic structure than traditionally assumed. The volume distinguishes between three types of modality: 'low modality', which concerns modal interpretations associated with the verbal and nominal cartographies in syntax; 'middle modality', or modal interpretation associated with the syntactic cartography internal to the clause; and 'high modality', relating to the left periphery. It combines cross-linguistic discussions of the more widely studied sources of modality with analyses of novel or unexpected sources, and shows how the meanings associated with the three types of modality are realized across a wide range of languages.
Introduction To Regional Englishes
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Author : Joan C Beal
language : en
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
Release Date : 2010-11-26
Introduction To Regional Englishes written by Joan C Beal and has been published by Edinburgh University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
A description of regional varieties of British English, along with discussion of current research in dialectology/ variationist sociolinguistics.