Modelling Aspects Of Land Atmosphere Interaction
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Modelling Aspects Of Land Atmosphere Interaction
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Author : Catherine Mary Luke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Modelling Aspects Of Land Atmosphere Interaction written by Catherine Mary Luke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The land (or 'terrestrial') biosphere strongly influences the exchange of carbon, energy and water between the land surface and the atmosphere. The size of theland carbon store and the magnitude of the interannual variability of the carbonexchange make models of the land surface a vital component in climate models. This thesis addresses two aspects of land surface modelling: soil respiration andphenology modelling, using different techniques with the goal of improving modelrepresentation of land-atmosphere interaction. The release of heat associated with soil respiration is neglected in the vast majorityof large-scale models but may be critically important under certain circumstances. In this thesis, the effect of this heat release is considered in two ways. Firstly, adeliberately simple model for soil temperature and soil carbon, including biologicalheating, is constructed to investigate the effect of thermal energy generated bymicrobial respiration on soil temperature and soil carbon stocks, specifically inorganic soils. Secondly, the mechanism for biological self-heating is implementedin the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), in order to investigate theimpacts of the extra feedback in a complex model. With the intention of improving estimates of the parameters governing modelledland surface processes, a data assimilation system based on the JULES land surfacemodel is presented. The ADJULES data assimilation system uses information from the derivative of JULES (or adjoint) to search for a locally optimum parameter setby calibrating against observations. In this thesis, ADJULES is used with satellite-derivedvegetation indices to improve the modelling of phenology in JULES.
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling
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Author : E.F. Wood
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling written by E.F. Wood and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling
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Author : E. F. Wood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990-12-31
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling written by E. F. Wood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-12-31 with categories.
A Climate Modelling Primer
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Author : Kendal McGuffie
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-04-10
A Climate Modelling Primer written by Kendal McGuffie and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-10 with Science categories.
As a consequence of recent increased awareness of the social and political dimensions of climate, many non-specialists discover a need for information about the variety of available climate models. A Climate Modelling Primer, Third Edition explains the basis and mechanisms of all types of current physically-based climate models. A thoroughly revised and updated edition, this book assists the reader in understanding the complexities and applicabilities of today’s wide range of climate models. Topics covered include the latest techniques for modelling the coupled biosphere-ocean-atmosphere system, information on current practical aspects of climate modelling and ways to evaluate and exploit the results, discussion of Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), and interactive exercises based on Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Daisyworld model. Source codes and results from a range of model types allows readers to make their own climate simulations and to view the results of the latest high resolution models. The accompanying CD contains: A suite of resources for those wishing to learn more about climate modelling. A range of model visualisations. Data from climate models for use in the classroom. Windows and Macintosh programs for an Energy Balance Model. Selected figures from the book for inclusion in presentations and lectures. Suitable for 3rd/4th year undergraduates taking courses in climate modelling, economic forecasting, computer science, environmental science, geography and oceanography. Also of relevance to researchers and professionals working in related disciplines with climate models or who need accessible technical background to climate modelling predictions.
Variability And Predictability Of Land Atmosphere Interactions Observational And Modeling Studies
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2018-09-27
Variability And Predictability Of Land Atmosphere Interactions Observational And Modeling Studies written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-27 with Science categories.
The overall goal of this project is to increase our understanding of seasonal to interannual variability and predictability of atmosphere-land interactions. The project objectives are to: 1. Document the low frequency variability in land surface features and associated water and energy cycles from general circulation models (GCMs), observations and reanalysis products. 2. Determine what relatively wet and dry years have in common on a region-by-region basis and then examine the physical mechanisms that may account for a significant portion of the variability. 3. Develop GCM experiments to examine the hypothesis that better knowledge of the land surface enhances long range predictability. This investigation is aimed at evaluating and predicting seasonal to interannual variability for selected regions emphasizing the role of land-atmosphere interactions. Of particular interest are the relationships between large, regional and local scales and how they interact to account for seasonal and interannual variability, including extreme events such as droughts and floods. North and South America, including the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Continental International Project (GEWEX GCIP), MacKenzie, and LBA basins, are currently being emphasized. We plan to ultimately generalize and synthesize to other land regions across the globe, especially those pertinent to other GEWEX projects. Roads, John and Oglesby, Robert and Marshall, Susan and Robertson, Franklin R. Marshall Space Flight Center
Improving The Scientific Foundation For Atmosphere Land Ocean Simulations
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2005-05-12
Improving The Scientific Foundation For Atmosphere Land Ocean Simulations written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-05-12 with Science categories.
The National Academies' Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC) held a workshop to explore and evaluate current efforts to model physical processes of coupled atmosphere-land-ocean (A-L-O) models. Numerical models of the atmosphere and ocean are central to weather prediction, research, and education. Although great strides have been made over the past few decades in understanding the atmosphere and ocean, modeling capabilities, and numerical A-L-O simulations, some unresolved processes in the models do not adequately represent knowledge of the underlying physics. Moreover, there is evidence that further progress in numerical simulations is being impeded by the slow pace of improvement in the representation of key physical processes in the models and the fact that geophysical flow models are not receiving the attention needed to make these tools more useful and accurate. These models often are used to predict future events, so it is imperative that their underlying physical processes be represented as robustly as possible. During the workshop, the parameterization of physical processes in A-L-O models was addressed, including associated errors, testing, and efforts to improve the use of parameterizations. Participants also examined intellectual and scientific challenges in modeling and highlighted the idea that some of the key impediments to progress in representing physical processes are primarily cultural in nature.
Environmental Modelling And Prediction
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Author : Gongbing Peng
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Environmental Modelling And Prediction written by Gongbing Peng and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
In this book the authors consider the natural environment as an integrated system. The physical, chemical and biological processes that govern the behaviour of the environmental system can thus be understood through mathematical modelling, and their evolution can be studied by means of numerical simulation. The book contains a summary of various efficient approaches in atmospheric prediction, such as numerical weather prediction and statistical forecast of climate change, as well as other successful methods in land surface modelling. The authors explore new theories and methods in environment prediction such as systems analysis and information theory. Attention is given to new achievements in remote sensing tele-metering and geographic information systems.
Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Of Land Atmosphere Interactions
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Author : 0 Pampaloni
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-05-31
Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Of Land Atmosphere Interactions written by 0 Pampaloni and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Recent advances in theory and observations using passive microwave remote sensing have hightlighted the potential of spaceborne sensors for contributing to the required land surface measurements of soils, vegetation, snow cover and precipitation. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of passive microwave observations matches the special scales of large-scale models of land-atmosphere interactions both for data assimilation and validation. In order to stimulate and focus this research a workshop, sponsored by ESA and NASA, was organized to review the state-of-the-art in microwave radiometry related to land applications and to exchange ideas leading into new directions for future research. This volume contains the refereed papers from the aforementioned ESA/NASA workshop, which are arranged by topic, as well as the (edited) working group reports.
Ocean Atmosphere Interaction And Climate Modeling
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Author : Boris A. Kagan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1995-03-09
Ocean Atmosphere Interaction And Climate Modeling written by Boris A. Kagan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-03-09 with Science categories.
A comprehensive 1995 treatment of all aspects of ocean-atmosphere interactions, for advanced students and professional researchers.
Scaling Soil Moisture And Evapotranspiration In Runoff Models
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-11
Scaling Soil Moisture And Evapotranspiration In Runoff Models written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-11 with categories.
The effects of small-scale heterogeneity in land surface characteristics on the large-scale fluxes of water and energy in the land-atmosphere system has become a central focus of many of the climatology research experiments. The acquisition of high resolution land surface data through remote sensing and intensive land-climatology field experiments (like HAPEX and FIFE) has provided data to investigate the interactions between microscale land-atmosphere interactions and macroscale models. One essential research question is how to account for the small scale heterogeneities and whether 'effective' parameters can be used in the macroscale models. To address this question of scaling, the probability distribution for evaporation is derived which illustrates the conditions for which scaling should work. A correction algorithm that may appropriate for the land parameterization of a GCM is derived using a 2nd order linearization scheme. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated. Wood, Eric F. Unspecified Center NAG5-899...