Modelling Evolution
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Modelling Evolution
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Author : Eugene Earnshaw-Whyte
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-07-06
Modelling Evolution written by Eugene Earnshaw-Whyte and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-06 with Philosophy categories.
Evolution by natural selection explains the tree of life and the complex adaptations found throughout nature. The power and versatility of evolutionary explanations have proved tempting to scientists outside of biology, but adapting evolutionary concepts to new domains has been challenging. Even within biology, there are many difficult questions and problem cases that face evolutionary theory. Modelling Evolution offers a new, general account of evolution by natural selection that identifies the essential features of evolutionary models that transcend any particular discipline. Evolution by natural selection in its broad sense is the systemic advantage of a type, in contrast to the narrow definition using heritable variation in fitness. This account is explained, contextualised and applied to a variety of questions in both biology and the social sciences. Offering an accessible and comprehensive account of evolution that is applicable both to biology and the broader social sciences, Modelling Evolution will appeal to students and researchers interested in fields such as biology, economics, sociology, history, and psychology.
Models And Algorithms For Genome Evolution
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Author : Cedric Chauve
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-09-17
Models And Algorithms For Genome Evolution written by Cedric Chauve and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-17 with Computers categories.
This authoritative text/reference presents a review of the history, current status, and potential future directions of computational biology in molecular evolution. Gathering together the unique insights of an international selection of prestigious researchers, this must-read volume examines the latest developments in the field, the challenges that remain, and the new avenues emerging from the growing influx of sequence data. These viewpoints build upon the pioneering work of David Sankoff, one of the founding fathers of computational biology, and mark the 50th anniversary of his first scientific article. The broad spectrum of rich contributions in this essential collection will appeal to all computer scientists, mathematicians and biologists involved in comparative genomics, phylogenetics and related areas.
Modelling Database Dynamics
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Author : Udo W. Lipeck
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Modelling Database Dynamics written by Udo W. Lipeck and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Computers categories.
Database modelling is concerned with the design of reliable and efficient database systems. Three different approaches to modelling can be identified: structure-oriented, process-oriented, and behaviour-oriented. Database literature has traditionally focused on structure-oriented approaches, but it is now widely recognised that problems can be solved more effectively by integrating all three. As a result, modelling database dynamics is now considered to be as important as modelling static database structures. This volume contains selected papers from the Fourth International Workshop on Foundations of Models and Languages for Data and Objects, held in Volkse, Germany, 19-22 October, 1992. This series of international workshops was initiated by the Working Group on Foundations of Information Systems, part of the German Association for Informatics. It provides an international forum for the discussion of current research into database theory and its application to database technology. The theme of this particular workshop was modelling the dynamic behaviour of database systems in formal frameworks. As object-oriented principles are being widely used in current research work, particular emphasis was also given to object dynamics. Among the topics covered in this volume are: specifying the dynamics of complex objects databases; updates in a rule-based language for objects; an order-sorted approach to active objects; non-deterministic aspects of database transformations involving object creation; monitoring temporal permissions using partially evaluated transition graphs; a formalisation of logic databases and integrity constraints; a comparison of approaches for modelling dynamics of databases. Modelling Database Dynamics provides a comprehensive overview of current research into the modelling and use of database dynamics. It will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students, and anyone interested in the theoretical foundations of computer science.
Codon Evolution
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Author : Gina M. Cannarozzi
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-02-23
Codon Evolution written by Gina M. Cannarozzi and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-23 with Mathematics categories.
The second part of the book focuses on codon usage bias.
A Biologist S Guide To Mathematical Modeling In Ecology And Evolution
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Author : Sarah P. Otto
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2011-09-19
A Biologist S Guide To Mathematical Modeling In Ecology And Evolution written by Sarah P. Otto and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-19 with Science categories.
Thirty years ago, biologists could get by with a rudimentary grasp of mathematics and modeling. Not so today. In seeking to answer fundamental questions about how biological systems function and change over time, the modern biologist is as likely to rely on sophisticated mathematical and computer-based models as traditional fieldwork. In this book, Sarah Otto and Troy Day provide biology students with the tools necessary to both interpret models and to build their own. The book starts at an elementary level of mathematical modeling, assuming that the reader has had high school mathematics and first-year calculus. Otto and Day then gradually build in depth and complexity, from classic models in ecology and evolution to more intricate class-structured and probabilistic models. The authors provide primers with instructive exercises to introduce readers to the more advanced subjects of linear algebra and probability theory. Through examples, they describe how models have been used to understand such topics as the spread of HIV, chaos, the age structure of a country, speciation, and extinction. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists today need enough mathematical training to be able to assess the power and limits of biological models and to develop theories and models themselves. This innovative book will be an indispensable guide to the world of mathematical models for the next generation of biologists. A how-to guide for developing new mathematical models in biology Provides step-by-step recipes for constructing and analyzing models Interesting biological applications Explores classical models in ecology and evolution Questions at the end of every chapter Primers cover important mathematical topics Exercises with answers Appendixes summarize useful rules Labs and advanced material available
Model Based Development And Evolution Of Information Systems
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Author : John Krogstie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Model Based Development And Evolution Of Information Systems written by John Krogstie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Computer simulation categories.
There is no single approach to modelling and model-based systems development that is best for all possible situations. Therefore, a high-level overview is needed in order to evaluate the options and identify the optimal approach. This unique textbook/reference introduces and describes in detail the SEQUAL framework for understanding the quality of models and modelling languages, including the numerous specialisations of the generic framework, and the various ways in which this can be used for different applications. Examples are provided from the application of SEQUAL in industrial and governmental settings. Topics and features:Contains case studies, chapter summaries, review questions, problems and exercises throughout the text, in addition to Appendices on terminology and abbreviationsPresents a thorough introduction to the most important concepts in conceptual modelling, including the underlying philosophical outlook on the quality of modelsDescribes the basic tasks and model types in information systems development and evolution, and the main methodologies for mixing different phases of information system developmentProvides an overview of the general mechanisms and perspectives used in conceptual modellingPredicts future trends in technological development, and discusses how the role of modelling can be envisaged in this landscapeThis didactic guide is essential reading for postgraduate students of computer science, software engineering and information systems wishing to learn more about conceptual modelling in their preparation for professional practice. Developers of information systems will also find the book an ideal reference to support their professional activity. Dr. John Krogstie is a Professor of Information Systems in the Department of Computer and Information Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Pillars Of Evolution
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Author : Douglas W. Morris
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press (UK)
Release Date : 2011-07-14
Pillars Of Evolution written by Douglas W. Morris and has been published by Oxford University Press (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-14 with Nature categories.
This book provides a perspective on adaptive evolution.
Models In Software Engineering
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Author : Sudipto Ghosh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-04-01
Models In Software Engineering written by Sudipto Ghosh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-01 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes a collection of the best papers selected from 9 workshops and 2 symposia held in conjunction with MODELS 2009, the 12 International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, in Denver, CO, USA, in October 2009. The first two sections contain selected papers from the Doctoral Symposium and the Educational Symposium, respectively. The other contributions are organized according to the workshops at which they were presented: 2nd International Workshop on Model Based Architecting and Construction of Embedded Systems (ACES-MB'09); 14th International Workshop on Aspect-Oriented Modeling (AOM); [email protected] ([email protected]); Model-driven Engineering, Verification, and Validation: Integrating Verification and Validation in MDE (MoDeVVa09); Models and Evolution (MoDSE-MCCM); Third International Workshop on Multi-Paradigm Modeling (MPM09); The Pragmatics of OCL and Other Textual Specification Languages (OCL); 2nd International Workshop on Non-Functional System Properties in Domain Specific Modeling Languages (NFPinDSML); and 2nd Workshop on Transformation and Weaving OWL Ontologies and MDE/MDA (TWOMDE2009). Each section includes a summary of the workshop.
Advances In Evolutionary Computing
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Author : Ashish Ghosh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Advances In Evolutionary Computing written by Ashish Ghosh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
The term evolutionary computing refers to the study of the foundations and applications of certain heuristic techniques based on the principles of natural evolution; thus the aim of designing evolutionary algorithms (EAs) is to mimic some of the processes taking place in natural evolution. These algo rithms are classified into three main categories, depending more on historical development than on major functional techniques. In fact, their biological basis is essentially the same. Hence EC = GA uGP u ES uEP EC = Evolutionary Computing GA = Genetic Algorithms,GP = Genetic Programming ES = Evolution Strategies,EP = Evolutionary Programming Although the details of biological evolution are not completely understood (even nowadays), there is some strong experimental evidence to support the following points: • Evolution is a process operating on chromosomes rather than on organ isms. • Natural selection is the mechanism that selects organisms which are well adapted to the environment toreproduce more often than those which are not. • The evolutionary process takes place during the reproduction stage that includes mutation (which causes the chromosomes of offspring to be dif ferent from those of the parents) and recombination (which combines the chromosomes of the parents to produce the offspring). Based upon these features, the previously mentioned three models of evolutionary computing were independently (and almost simultaneously) de veloped. An evolutionary algorithm (EA) is an iterative and stochastic process that operates on a set of individuals (called a population).
Probabilistic Models Of Population Evolution
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Author : Étienne Pardoux
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-17
Probabilistic Models Of Population Evolution written by Étienne Pardoux and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-17 with Mathematics categories.
This expository book presents the mathematical description of evolutionary models of populations subject to interactions (e.g. competition) within the population. The author includes both models of finite populations, and limiting models as the size of the population tends to infinity. The size of the population is described as a random function of time and of the initial population (the ancestors at time 0). The genealogical tree of such a population is given. Most models imply that the population is bound to go extinct in finite time. It is explained when the interaction is strong enough so that the extinction time remains finite, when the ancestral population at time 0 goes to infinity. The material could be used for teaching stochastic processes, together with their applications. Étienne Pardoux is Professor at Aix-Marseille University, working in the field of Stochastic Analysis, stochastic partial differential equations, and probabilistic models in evolutionary biology and population genetics. He obtained his PhD in 1975 at University of Paris-Sud.