Models Of Science Dynamics
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Models Of Science Dynamics
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Author : Andrea Scharnhorst
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-23
Models Of Science Dynamics written by Andrea Scharnhorst and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-23 with Social Science categories.
Models of Science Dynamics aims to capture the structure and evolution of science, the emerging arena in which scholars, science and the communication of science become themselves the basic objects of research. In order to capture the essence of phenomena as diverse as the structure of co-authorship networks or the evolution of citation diffusion patterns, such models can be represented by conceptual models based on historical and ethnographic observations, mathematical descriptions of measurable phenomena, or computational algorithms. Despite its evident importance, the mathematical modeling of science still lacks a unifying framework and a comprehensive study of the topic. This volume fills this gap, reviewing and describing major threads in the mathematical modeling of science dynamics for a wider academic and professional audience. The model classes presented cover stochastic and statistical models, system-dynamics approaches, agent-based simulations, population-dynamics models, and complex-network models. The book comprises an introduction and a foundational chapter that defines and operationalizes terminology used in the study of science, as well as a review chapter that discusses the history of mathematical approaches to modeling science from an algorithmic-historiography perspective. It concludes with a survey of remaining challenges for future science models and their relevance for science and science policy.
Science Dynamics And Research Production
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Author : Nikolay K. Vitanov
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-01
Science Dynamics And Research Production written by Nikolay K. Vitanov and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-01 with Mathematics categories.
This book deals with methods to evaluate scientific productivity. In the book statistical methods, deterministic and stochastic models and numerous indexes are discussed that will help the reader to understand the nonlinear science dynamics and to be able to develop or construct systems for appropriate evaluation of research productivity and management of research groups and organizations. The dynamics of science structures and systems is complex, and the evaluation of research productivity requires a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and measures. The book has three parts. The first part is devoted to mathematical models describing the importance of science for economic growth and systems for the evaluation of research organizations of different size. The second part contains descriptions and discussions of numerous indexes for the evaluation of the productivity of researchers and groups of researchers of different size (up to the comparison of research productivities of research communities of nations). Part three contains discussions of non-Gaussian laws connected to scientific productivity and presents various deterministic and stochastic models of science dynamics and research productivity. The book shows that many famous fat tail distributions as well as many deterministic and stochastic models and processes, which are well known from physics, theory of extreme events or population dynamics, occur also in the description of dynamics of scientific systems and in the description of the characteristics of research productivity. This is not a surprise as scientific systems are nonlinear, open and dissipative.
Springer Handbook Of Science And Technology Indicators
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Author : Wolfgang Glänzel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-10-30
Springer Handbook Of Science And Technology Indicators written by Wolfgang Glänzel and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-30 with Science categories.
This handbook presents the state of the art of quantitative methods and models to understand and assess the science and technology system. Focusing on various aspects of the development and application of indicators derived from data on scholarly publications, patents and electronic communications, the individual chapters, written by leading experts, discuss theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, highlight their policy context and relevance, and point to future research directions. A substantial portion of the book is dedicated to detailed descriptions and analyses of data sources, presenting both traditional and advanced approaches. It addresses the main bibliographic metrics and indexes, such as the journal impact factor and the h-index, as well as altmetric and webometric indicators and science mapping techniques on different levels of aggregation and in the context of their value for the assessment of research performance as well as their impact on research policy and society. It also presents and critically discusses various national research evaluation systems. Complementing the sections reflecting on the science system, the technology section includes multiple chapters that explain different aspects of patent statistics, patent classification and database search methods to retrieve patent-related information. In addition, it examines the relevance of trademarks and standards as additional technological indicators. The Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators is an invaluable resource for practitioners, scientists and policy makers wanting a systematic and thorough analysis of the potential and limitations of the various approaches to assess research and research performance.
Theories Of Informetrics And Scholarly Communication
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Author : Cassidy R. Sugimoto
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2016-02-22
Theories Of Informetrics And Scholarly Communication written by Cassidy R. Sugimoto and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-22 with Social Science categories.
Scientometrics have become an essential element in the practice and evaluation of science and research, including both the evaluation of individuals and national assessment exercises. Yet, researchers and practitioners in this field have lacked clear theories to guide their work. As early as 1981, then doctoral student Blaise Cronin published "The need for a theory of citing" —a call to arms for the fledgling scientometric community to produce foundational theories upon which the work of the field could be based. More than three decades later, the time has come to reach out the field again and ask how they have responded to this call. This book compiles the foundational theories that guide informetrics and scholarly communication research. It is a much needed compilation by leading scholars in the field that gathers together the theories that guide our understanding of authorship, citing, and impact.
Modeling Complex Dynamics Unraveling The Secrets Of Chaotic Random And Deterministic Systems
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Author : Pasquale De Marco
language : en
Publisher: Pasquale De Marco
Release Date : 2025-03-07
Modeling Complex Dynamics Unraveling The Secrets Of Chaotic Random And Deterministic Systems written by Pasquale De Marco and has been published by Pasquale De Marco this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-07 with Science categories.
In a world awash with intricate systems, from the ebb and flow of financial markets to the pulsating rhythms of ecosystems, "Modeling Complex Dynamics" emerges as an illuminating guide to deciphering the enigmatic patterns that govern our universe. This comprehensive exploration unveils the art of capturing and simulating the behaviors of dynamic systems, providing readers with a powerful toolkit to unravel the complexities that shape our world. Embarking on this intellectual odyssey, readers will delve into the fundamental concepts of determinism, chaos, and stochasticity, gaining a profound understanding of the spectrum of system behaviors. Equipped with this knowledge, they will master the methodologies for modeling dynamic phenomena, employing statistical tools, coordinate transformations, and mathematical analyses to transform complex systems into comprehensible and predictable models. The journey continues as readers venture into the realm of simulation and visualization, where static equations are brought to life through cutting-edge technologies. Interactive simulations and captivating visualizations offer unparalleled insights into the interplay of variables, revealing the intricate mechanisms driving system behaviors. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of these models, readers will delve into the intricacies of model validation and evaluation. Statistical validation techniques, sensitivity analysis, and calibration methods are meticulously explained, empowering readers to rigorously test and refine their models, laying the foundation for confident decision-making and reliable predictions. The transformative power of dynamic modeling is showcased through a diverse array of case studies, spanning engineering, economics, biology, and social sciences. These real-world examples illustrate how dynamic modeling empowers us to optimize systems, forecast trends, and navigate the complexities of our interconnected world. With its blend of theoretical rigor and practical applications, "Modeling Complex Dynamics" stands as an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and practitioners seeking to unravel the mysteries of complex systems. This book is an invitation to embark on an intellectual adventure, where the intricate patterns of our universe yield their secrets to those who dare to explore them. If you like this book, write a review!
The Dynamics Of Science
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Author : Grant Ramsey
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
Release Date : 2022-11-22
The Dynamics Of Science written by Grant Ramsey and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-22 with Science categories.
Millions of scientific articles are published each year, making it difficult to stay abreast of advances within even the smallest subdisciplines. Traditional approaches to the study of science, such as the history and philosophy of science, involve closely reading a relatively small set of journal articles. And yet many questions benefit from casting a wider net: Is most scientific change gradual or revolutionary? What are the key sources of scientific novelty? Over the past several decades, a massive effort to digitize the academic literature and equip computers with algorithms that can distantly read and analyze a digital database has taken us one step closer to answering these questions. The Dynamics of Science brings together a diverse array of contributors to examine the largely unexplored computational frontiers of history and philosophy of science. Together, they reveal how tools and data from automated textual analysis, or machine “reading,” combined with methods and models from game theory and cultural evolutionary theory, can begin to answer fundamental questions about the nature and history of science.
Handbook Of Dynamic System Modeling
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Author : Paul A. Fishwick
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-06-01
Handbook Of Dynamic System Modeling written by Paul A. Fishwick and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-01 with Computers categories.
The topic of dynamic models tends to be splintered across various disciplines, making it difficult to uniformly study the subject. Moreover, the models have a variety of representations, from traditional mathematical notations to diagrammatic and immersive depictions. Collecting all of these expressions of dynamic models, the Handbook of Dynamic Sy
Models Of Technologies
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Author : Mikhail V. Belov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-09-25
Models Of Technologies written by Mikhail V. Belov and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents the methodology of complex activity with a set of interconnected mathematical models that describe the processes of technology design, adoption and use. It first discusses the technology of complex activity and its general models. The second chapter then introduces models of the processes of technology design and adoption, while Chapter 3 focuses on technology management models are presented in. Lastly, Chapter 4 examines analytical complexity and errors in solving technology design/optimization problems. This book is intended for experts and researchers interested in the general principles of activity organization and control of complex organizational and technical systems.
Arguments Cognition And Science
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Author : André C. R. Martins
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date : 2020-05-26
Arguments Cognition And Science written by André C. R. Martins and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-26 with Philosophy categories.
Our reasoning evolved not for finding the truth, but for social bonding and convincing. The best logical methods humans have created provide no path to truth, unless something is assumed as true from the start. Other than that, we only have methods for attempting to measure uncertainty. This book highlights the consequences of these facts for scientific practice, and suggests how to correct the mistakes we still make. But even our best methods to measure uncertainty might require infinite resources to provide solid answers. This conclusion has important consequences for when and how much we can trust arguments and scientific results. The author suggests ways we can improve our current practices, and argues that theoretical work is a fundamental part of the most effective way to do science.
Optimal Enterprise
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Author : Mikhail V. Belov
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-07-28
Optimal Enterprise written by Mikhail V. Belov and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-28 with Computers categories.
In the modern world, most gross product is created within Enterprise firms, project programs, state agencies, transnational corporations and their divisions, as well as various associations and compositions of the above entities. Enterprises, being, on the one hand, complex, and, on the other hand, widespread systems, are the subject matter of cybernetics, system theory, operations research, management sciences and many other fields of knowledge. However, the complexity of the system obstructs the development of mathematically rigorous foundations for Enterprise control. Moreover, methods of operations research and related sciences, which are widely used in practice, provide optimization of the constituents of an Enterprise, without modeling it as a whole system. But the optimization of parts does not lead to the optimality of the whole, and, also, the absence of top-down and holistic mathematical models of Enterprise contradicts the principle of holism and the system approach. The approach in this book looks first at Enterprise Systems and their essential aspects as complex sociotechnical systems composed of integrated sets of structural and process models (Chapters 1 and 2). A uniform description of all the heterogeneous fields of the modern Enterprise (marketing, sales, manufacturing, HR, finance, etc.) is then made, and the Enterprise Control Problem is posed as a top-down and holistic mathematical optimization problem (Chapter 3). Original models and methods of contract theory (Chapter 4), technology management (Chapter 5), human behavior and human capital (Chapter 6) and complex activity and resource planning (Chapter 7) are developed to solve the problem. Structural processes and mathematical models constitute an Optimal Enterprise Control Framework (Chapter 8) that provides a practical solution to the Enterprise Control Problem. This book is a resource for postgraduate and doctoral students, postdoctoral researchers and professors with research interests in the following fields of science: Fundamental Complex Systems study, Complex Systems Engineering, Enterprise Systems Engineering Applications of Operations Research, Optimization, Probability and Stochastic processes to Management Science, Economics and Business Theory of the Firm Business and Management – general, strategy/leadership, organization management, operations management and management information systems Theory of Business Processes, Business Processes Improvement and Reengineering