Modern Topics In Liquid Crystals From Neutron Scattering Ferroelectricity
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Modern Topics In Liquid Crystals
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Author : Agnes Buka
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1993
Modern Topics In Liquid Crystals written by Agnes Buka and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Science categories.
This volume contains 19 review articles, written by leading experts in the field of neutron scattering, NMR, dielectric spectroscopy, ferroelectricity, liquid crystal polymers as well as related subjects. The articles cover a broad range of topics which are currently the center of focus and interest in this field. The book will be useful for experienced researchers as well as students and those who want to enter the field. Apart from the fact that such a publication covers a gap in the literature, there is also a personal actuality. This volume will be devoted to Professor L Bata, who started the liquid crystal research in Hungary some 25 years ago and who is still head of the department at KFKI today. He initiated a lot of new subjects in the field and supported many young scientists during these years. He is celebrating his 60th birthday this year.
Modern Topics In Liquid Crystals From Neutron Scattering Ferroelectricity
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Author : Agnes Buka
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1993-12-17
Modern Topics In Liquid Crystals From Neutron Scattering Ferroelectricity written by Agnes Buka and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-12-17 with Science categories.
This volume contains 19 review articles, written by leading experts in the field of neutron scattering, NMR, dielectric spectroscopy, ferroelectricity, liquid crystal polymers as well as related subjects. The articles cover a broad range of topics which are currently the center of focus and interest in this field. The book will be useful for experienced researchers as well as students and those who want to enter the field. Apart from the fact that such a publication covers a gap in the literature, there is also a personal actuality. This volume will be devoted to Professor L Bata, who started the liquid crystal research in Hungary some 25 years ago and who is still head of the department at KFKI today. He initiated a lot of new subjects in the field and supported many young scientists during these years. He is celebrating his 60th birthday this year.
Dielectric Properties Of Liquid Crystals
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Author : Zbigniew Galewski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007-01-01
Dielectric Properties Of Liquid Crystals written by Zbigniew Galewski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Liquid crystals categories.
Introduction - This book, consisting of 10 chapters, should be treated as a complement that brings the reader up to date with the latest contributions to the rich literature on liquid crystals. A prominent place in this literature is occupied by the dielectric properties which are important in estimation of usefulness of these materials and in understanding the molecular processes determining various mesophases. In the field of dielectrics in general, and in connection with the structure and phase transitions the entries in references [1-14] can be recommended. With respect to general aspects of liquid-crystalline properties and molecular dynamics one can point out the references [15-36]. Most of them contain as well chapters on dielectric properties. In addition there is a number of books and monographs related strictly to the dielectric properties of liquid crystals, in particular references [37-45]. For the readers less familiar with this topic and interested in the basic knowledge of dielectric aspects of liquid crystals one can suggest the reviews [46-48]. Basic difference between properties of isotropic liquid and liquid crystal lies in the existence in the latter case of at least one degree of order. The ordering can be also considered with respect to a crystalline phase. Thus introducing at least one degree of disorder (rotational or translational) causes the occurrence of a mesophase which, however, is not identical with the liquid-crystalline phase. If the mesophase is to be liquid-crystalline, it should possess at least one translational degree of disorder. The disorder connected with further degrees of freedom leads to rich polymorphism. The most characteristic feature of liquid-crystalline phases is a precisely defined degree of disorder of molecules building these phases and their anisotropy which is exhibited in molecular structure and all measurable physical parameters such as polarizability. This is the reason why such phases are also called anisotropic liquids. The insertion into the molecules that form mesophases of fragments either chiral or influencing antagonistically already present fragments (e.g. by replacing one alkyl group by perfluorinated chain) leads to additional interactions which compete with interactions responsible for the stability of liquid-crystalline phases. This causes the frustration phenomena, i.e. the mutual overlapping of interactions frequently responsible for opposite effects. These induced phenomena conduce to unexpected structures (banana-type or columnar-type mesophases) and properties such as helicity, ferroelectricity or antiferroelectricity. Of particular interest seem to be ferroelectric liquid crystals (chiral tilted smectics such as SmC*, SmI* and others) showing collective modes: tilt fluctuations (soft modes) and phase fluctuations (Goldstone mode). Unusual progress observed in the last half-century has occurred due to use of some additional interacting fragments and structural details. Liquid crystalline polymers and metalomesogens present rapidly growing branches of knowledge of liquid crystal. Ferromagnetism and superconductivity of liquid crystals still pose a challenge. In this monograph we present different aspects of dielectric properties of mesogens. Chapter 1 presented by Otowski is dedicated to general problems of the molecular dipole s motion in electric field. Based on the broadband dielectric studies results of a few liquid-crystalline substances, their dielectric behavior is discussed by means of Nordio-Rigatti-Segre theory. The pretransitional anomalies observed in isotropic phase close to the phase transitions by means of dielectric measurements are described by Drozd-Rzoska, Rzoska and Janik in Chapter 2. An extended part of this book is devoted to chiral liquid crystals, the importance of which for applications and expectations for them are continuously increasing. The principles of the dielectric behavior of chiral liquid-crystalline compounds based on general considerations applying for other dipolar systems as well is presented by Hoffmann in Chapter 3. In general considerations based on the example of 12 selected substances showing extremely rich polymorphism Marzec, Mikulko, Wróbel and Haase analyze impressive behaviors of collective modes (Chapter 4). The problem of non-linear dielectric effects constitutes an important part of this book. A general introduction to the non-linear dielectric spectroscopy is contained in Chapter 5 elaborated by Kedziora, who concentrates himself on the isotropic phase, solutions and precritical phenomena. The problem of molecular properties of smectic materials and relaxation in ferroelectric liquid crystals with particular attention paid to electrooptic phenomena are discussed by Kuczynski in Chapter 6. Advantages of electrooptic methods applied to chiral tilted smectic liquid crystals with either ferroelectric or antiferroelectric dipole order are known. However, less popular problem of so called organic glass formers presented by Massalska-Arodz, Sciesinska, Sciesinski, Krawczyk, Inoba and Zielinski in Chapter 7 deserved attentions. Properties of these materials are discussed by using the results of complementary methods such as INS, QENS, adiabatic calorimetry and far-infrared spectra. Chapter 8, presented by Rózanski, is devoted to the dielectric properties of liquid crystals confined in porous matrices or dispersed throughout solid matrices. Such systems seem to be fascinating not only from the point of view of surface interactions but also due to attractive properties of dispersed systems in nanoscale. Of great value is also Chapter 9 by Kocot, Merkel, Sufin, Vij and Mehl describing dendrimeric liquid crystals built of molecules containing siloxane or carbosilazane cores. The problems of dynamics and ordering are discussed in terms of IR and dielectric spectroscopy results. Chapter 10, written by Urban, is committed to the relaxation processes in calamitic liquid crystals with emphasis on pressure and temperature effects. Finally let us direct readers attention to general references relating to the new liquid crystalline compounds [49] and IUPAC classification of these systems [50]. 1. Boettcher C. J. F., van Belle O.C., Bordewijk P. and Rip A., 1973, Theory of Electric Polarization, Vol.I: Dielectrics in Static Fields, 2nd revised edition, Elsevier Science Ltd, Amsterdam. 2. Boettcher C.J.F. and Bordewijk, 1978, Theory of Electric Polarization, Vol.II. Dielectrics in Time-dependent Fields, 2nd revised edition, Elsevier Science Ltd, Amsterdam. 3. Hill N., Vaughan W.E., Price A.H. and Davies M., 1969, Dielectric Properties and Molecular Behaviour, van Nostrand, London. 4. Froehlich H., 1958, Theory of Dielectrics, Oxford University Press, London. 5. von Hippel A.R., 1995, Dielectric Materials and Applications, Artech House Publishers. 6. Davies M., 1965, Some Electrical and Optical Aspects of Molecular Behaviour, Pergamon Press, Oxford. 7. Scaife B.K.P., 1998, Principle of Dielectrics, Revised edition, Oxford University Press, Clarendon, Oxford. 8. Riande E. and Diaz-Calleja R., 2004, Electrical Properties of Polymers, Marcel Dekker, NY. 9. Jonscher A.K., 1996, Universal Relaxation Law, Chelsea Dielectric Press Ltd, London. 10. Grigas J., 1996, Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy of Ferroelectrics and Related Materials, Series: Ferroelectricity and Related Phenomena, Volume 9, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Philadelphia. 11. Runt J.P. and Fitzgerald J.J.(Eds.), 1997, Dielectric Spectroscopy of Polymeric Materials, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 12. Havriliak S. and Havriliak S.J., 1996, Dielectric and Mechanical Relaxation in Materials, Hanser Verlag, München. 13. Gaiduk V.I. and McConnel J.R., 1999, Dielectric Relaxation and Dynamics of Polar Molecules, World Scientific Pub. Co.Inc., Singapore. 14. Kremer F. and Schönhals A. (Eds) 2002, Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy, Springer, NY. 15. Demus D., Goodby J., Gray G.W., Spiess H.W. and Vill V. (Eds.), 1998, Handbook of Liquid Crystals, 4-Volume Set, Wiley-VCH, Veinheim. 16. Demus D., Goodby J., Gray G.W., Spiess H.W. and Vill V (Eds.), 1999, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals, Wiley-VCH, Veinheim. 17. Stegemeyer H. (Ed.), 1994, Liquid Crystals, Steinkopff, Darmstadt and Springer, NY. 18. Buka A. (Ed.), 1993, Modern Topics in Liquid Crystals. From Neutron Scattering to Ferroelectricity, World Scientific, Singapore. 19. Dierking I., 2003. Texture of Liquid Crystals, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 20. Luckhurst G.R. and Gray G.W. (Eds.), 1979, The Molecular Physics of Liquid Crystals, Academic Press, London. 21. de Gennes P.G. and Prost J., 1993, The Physics of Liquid Crystals, 2nd edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford. 22. Gray G.W. and Goodby J.W., 1984, Smectic Liquid Crystals. Textures and Structures, Leonard Hill, Glasgow. 23. Martellucci S. and Chester A.N. (Eds.), 1992, Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals, NATO ASI Series, Vol.B290, Plenum Press, NY. 24. Luckhurst G.R. and Veracini C.A. (Eds.), 1994. The Molecular Dynamics of Liquid Crystals, NATO ASI Series, Vol.C431, Kluwer, Dordrecht. 25. Priestley E.B., Wojtowicz P.J. and Sheng P. (Eds.), 1975, Introduction to Liquid Crystals, Plenum Press, NY. 26. Lagerwall S.T., 1999, Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 27. Baus M., Rull L.F. and Ryckaert J.P. (Eds.), 1995, Observation, Prediction and Simulation of Phase Traansitions in Complex Fluids, Kluwer, Dordrecht. 28. Anisimov M.A., 1991, Critical Phenomena in Liquids and Liquid Crystals, Gordon & Breach, Philadelphia 29. Vertogen G. and de Jeu W.H., 1986, Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, Fundamentals, Springer, Berlin 30. de Jeu W.H., 1980, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystalline Materials, Gordon & Breach, NY 31. Helfrich W. and Heppke G., (Eds.), 1980, Liquid Crystals of One and Two Dimensional Order, Springer, Berlin. 32. Goodby J.W., Blinc R., Clark N.A., Lagerwall S.T., Osipov M.A., Pikin S.A., Sakurai T., Yoshino K. and }eka B., 1991, Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals. Principles, Properties and Applications, Series: Ferroelectricity and Related Phenomena, Volume 7. Gordon and Breach, Philadelphia. 33. Pikin S.A., 1991, Structural Transformations in Liquid Crystals, Gordon and Breach, NY. 34. Haberlandt R., Michel D., Poppel A. and Stannarius R., 2005, Molecules in interaction with surfaces and interfaces, Springer NY. 35. Crawford G.P. and }umer S., (Eds), Liquid Crystals in Complex Geometries, 1996, Taylor & Francis, London. 36. Muaevic I., Blinc R. and }eka B., 2000, The Physics of Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals, World Scientific, Singapore. 37. Haase W. and Wróbel S. (Eds.), 2003, Relaxation Phenomena. Liquid Crystals, Magnetic Systems, Polymers, High-TC Superconductors, Metallic Glasses., Springer, NY. 38. Kresse H., 1983, in: Advances in Liquid Crystals, Vol.6, Brown G.H. (ed.), Academic Press, NY. 39. Coffey W.T. and Kalmykov Y.P. 2000, Adv.Chem.Phys. 111, 487. 40. de Jeu W.H., 1978, in: Solid State Physics, Supplement 14. Liebert L. (ed.), Academic Press. 41. Rzoska S.J. and Zhelezny V.P., (Eds), 2004, Nonlinear Dielectric Phenomena in Complex Liquids, Kluwer, Dordrecht. 42. Urban S. and Wuerflinger A., 1979, Adv.Chem.Phys., 98, 143. 43. Kresse H., 1982, Fortschrifte der Physik, 80, 507. 44. Urban S., 2001, in: Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: Nematics, Dunmur D., Fukuda A. and Luckhurst G. (Eds.), Inspec, London, p.267. 45. Blinov L.M. and Chigrinov V.G., 1994, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials, Springer, NY. 46. Meier G. and Saupe A., 1966, in: Liquid Crystals, Brown G.H., Dines G.J. and Labes M.M. (Eds.), Gordon and Breach, Philadelphia. 47. Kresse H., 1998, in: Handbook of Liquid Crystals, Demus D., Goodby J., Gray G.W., Spiess H.W. and Vill V. (Eds.), Vol.2, Wiley-VCH, Veinheim. 48. Dunmur D and Toriyama K., 1998, in: Handbook of Liquid Crystals, Demus D., Goodby J., Gray G.W., Spiess H.W. and Vill V. (Eds.), Vol. 1, Wiley-VCH, Veinheim. 49. Vill V., 2006, LiqCryst 4.6. Data Base, Fujitsu. 50. Byron M. et al. 2001, Pure Appl.Chem., 73, 845.
Liquid Crystals
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Author : Shri Singh
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2002
Liquid Crystals written by Shri Singh and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Science categories.
Liquid crystals are partially ordered systems without a rigid, long-range structure. The study of these materials covers a wide area: chemical structure, physical properties and technical applications. Due to their dual nature -- anisotropic physical properties of solids and rheological behavior of liquids -- and easy response to externally applied electric, magnetic, optical and surface fields liquid crystals are of greatest potential for scientific and technological applications. The subject has come of age and has achieved the status of being a very exciting interdisciplinary field of scientific and industrial research. This book is an outgrowth of the enormous advances made during the last three decades in both our understanding of liquid crystals and our ability to use them in applications. It presents a systematic, self-contained and up-to-date overview of the structure and properties of liquid crystals. It will be of great value to graduates and research workers in condensed matter physics, chemical physics, biology, materials science, chemical and electrical engineering, and technology from a materials science and physics viewpoint of liquid crystals.
Introduction To Liquid Crystals
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Author : Peter J. Collings
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1997-03-19
Introduction To Liquid Crystals written by Peter J. Collings and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-19 with Science categories.
This text relies on only introductory level physics and chemistry as the foundation for understanding liquid crystal science. Liquid crystals combine the material properties of solids with the flow properties of fluids. As such they have provided the foundation for a revolution in low- power, flat-panel display technology LCDs. In this book, the essential elements of liquid crystal science are introduced and explained from the perspectives of both the chemist and the physicist.; The text begins with an historical account of the discovery of liquid crystals and continues with a description of how different phases are generated and how different molecular architectures affect liquid crystalline properties. The rest of the book is concerned with understanding and explaining the properties of the various types of liquid crystals, and in the final part of the book, the technology of LCDs is discussed and illustrated.
Relaxation Phenomena
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Author : Wolfgang Haase
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Relaxation Phenomena written by Wolfgang Haase and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
The authors describe the electric, magnetic and other relaxational processes in a wide spectrum of materials: liquid crystals, molecular magnets, polymers, high-Tc superconductors and glasses. The book summarizes the phenomenological fundamentals and the experimental methods used. A detailed description of molecular and collective dynamics in the broad range of liquid crystals is presented. Magnetic systems, high-Tc superconductors, polymers and glasses are an important subject of matter. It is shown that the researchers working on relaxation processes in different fields of materials sciences are dealing with the same physical fundamentals, but are sometimes using slightly different terms. The book is addressed to scientists, engineers, graduate and undergraduate students, experimentalists and theorists in physics, chemistry, materials sciences and electronic engineering. Many internationally well known experts contribute to it.
Neutron Scattering By Ferroelectrics
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Author : Viktor Lazarevich Aksenov
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1990
Neutron Scattering By Ferroelectrics written by Viktor Lazarevich Aksenov and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Science categories.
This book presents the recent theoretical and experimental developments of neutron scattering by ferroelectrics. A Model description of lattice dynamics of structurally unstable crystals (self-consistent phonon approximation, pseudo-spin formalism, coherent potential approximation etc.) is formulated. The effects of nonlinear excitations and lattice defects in neutron scattering are also discussed.
Dynamics Of Solids And Liquids By Neutron Scattering
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Author : S. W. Lovesey
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Dynamics Of Solids And Liquids By Neutron Scattering written by S. W. Lovesey and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Inelastic neutron scattering is a well established and important technique for studying the dynamical properties of condensed matter at the atomic level. Often, as is the case of experiments designed to study motions of hydrogen atoms, or magnetic excitations, it may yield information obtainable in no other way. Our aim in assembling this book is to produce an overview of some research topics which have come to the fore recently with the development of high neutron fluxes and high performance inelastic scattering spectrometers. The topics dis cussed here are, by and large, developing rapidly and have not reached the stage at which definitive accounts are always possible. Authors have not therefore attempted to make an extensive review of their topic, and the papers quoted in the text are, in general, those which are seen as having been important in its develop ment (they date, roughly, from the 1971 IAEA conference on neutron scattering held in Grenoble). Basic phenomena are illustrated for the most part by the discussion of one, or two, typical examples. The authors hope that the book will be useful to researchers who are not yet fully aware of the diverse range of problems to which the technique can be applied, and to students beginning research work. For this reason, the first chapter by S. w.
Liquid Crystals In The Nineties And Beyond
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Author : S Kumar
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1996-01-10
Liquid Crystals In The Nineties And Beyond written by S Kumar and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-10 with Science categories.
This book is a collection of 13 articles, written by experts, on different aspects of the physics and applications of liquid crystals. In addition to giving self-contained review articles with good bibliography, the authors have discussed the anticipated or highly important and desirable breakthroughs in the near future in their respective fields. The book should provide readers with a good starting point, insight, and an indicator of what current important problems are. Good researchers should benefit in fine tuning their efforts to test the ideas put forward by the authors. Contents:Anisotropy of the Nematic-Smectic A Phase Transition (B S Andereck)Thermal Investigations of Phase Transitions in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals (J Thoen)Numerical Studies of Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena in Liquid Crystals (C Dasgupta)High-Resolution Calorimetric Studies at Phase Transitions of Alkylcyanobiphenyl Liquid Crystals Confined to Submicron Size Cylindrical Cavities (D Finotello & G S Iannacchione)Physical Properties of Thin Substrate-Free Liquid-Crystal Films (T Stoebe & C C Huang)Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals: From the Plane Wave to the Multisoliton Limit (I Muševic et al.)The Optical Properties of Chiral Liquid Crystals (K A Suresh)Patterns in Thin Liquid Crystal Films and the Divergence (“Surfacelike”) Elasticity (O D Lavrentovich & V M Pergamenshchik)Liquid Crystal Defects in a Magnetic Field (G S Ranganath)Saddle-Splay Elasticity in Nematic Liquid Crystals (G P Crawford & Zumer)Rheology and Rheo-Optics of Polymer Liquid Crystals (M Srinivasarao)Recent Advances and Future Directions of NMR Spectroscopy of Molecules Oriented in Liquid Crystals (C L Khetrapal)Improvement of the Viewing Angle for Display Devices with Grey Scale (P J Bos) Readership: Physicists and chemists active in the field of liquid crystals. keywords: “The collection of papers provides a comprehensive review for experimentalists and theoreticians who are interested in the latest developments in the field of thermotropic liquid crystals.” Zeitschrift für Kristallographie
Proceedings Of First International Symposium On Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
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Author : C. Destrade
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1988
Proceedings Of First International Symposium On Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals written by C. Destrade and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.