Molecular Pathogenesis Of Pneumococus
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Molecular Pathogenesis Of Pneumococcus
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Author : Guangchun Bai
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-10-10
Molecular Pathogenesis Of Pneumococcus written by Guangchun Bai and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-10 with categories.
Streptococcus pneumoniae has been for decades the number one bacterial killer of children in the world. Although vaccination with pneumococcal vaccines [PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 (children) or PPSV23 (adults)] has helped decrease the burden of pneumococcal disease (PD), mortality remains high. Therefore, pathogenesis studies are still key toward our understanding of PD and its control. The introduction of pneumococcal vaccines has also created a niche for vaccine-escape clones. Moreover, the rise of multi-drug resistant clones around the world has also posed a serious threat in recent years. The proposed special issue of Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology highlights many of the recent advances that have been made in pneumococcal pathogenesis, colonization and antibiotic resistance by groups in Latino America, Europe, and the USA.
Transmission Colonization And Molecular Pathogenesis Of Pneumococcus
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Author : Jorge Eugenio Vidal
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-11-23
Transmission Colonization And Molecular Pathogenesis Of Pneumococcus written by Jorge Eugenio Vidal and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-23 with Science categories.
Molecular Pathogenesis Of Pneumococus
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Author : Jorge Eugenio Vidal
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-05-11
Molecular Pathogenesis Of Pneumococus written by Jorge Eugenio Vidal and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-11 with Science categories.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a commensal of the human nasopharynx during childhood, but also causes a variety of infections, such as otitis media (OM), pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis, mainly affecting infants, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Pneumococcal pneumonia alone produces more child deaths, every year, than any other bacterial disease worldwide. To date, more than 90 distinct capsular serotypes have been identified. Current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) protect against 7, 10 or 13 different pneumococcal types. These vaccines have decreased the burden of pneumococcal disease produced by vaccine types but provide poor protection against non-vaccine serotypes. Additionally, the increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant S. pneumoniae strains results in more challenge for treatment of pneumococcal infections. Therefore, it is imperative to continue investigating the molecular pathogenesis of the pneumococcus. There are currently a variety of key virulence determinants known to be involved in pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. Virulence factors and host immune defense are major players during pathogen - host interactions. Some metabolic pathways have also been shown to play a role in pneumococcal pathogenesis. These metabolic pathways include proteins involved in copper efflux, arginine metabolism, and zinc homeostasis. From the human host side, new host factors have been found to play essential roles in clearance of S. pneumoniae during infection, such as microRNA-155. Moreover, biofilm-like structures may alter both pneumococcal phenotypes and the host immunity during nasopharyngeal carriage and/or during disease. Understanding the interaction between pneumococcus and its human host is a key to combat pneumococcal infections. It has been well known for several years that pneumococcal pneumonia is worsened during poly-microbial infection. During the past few years, rapid progress has been made in this area. For example, it was recently shown that influenza A virus increases pneumococcal nasal colonization and it is a risk factor for pneumococcal pneumonia. Other important respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens, such as Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae, appear to increase the risk of pneumococcal colonization and disease. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism leading to these pathogenic synergisms will provide a fundamental basis for prevention and treatment of secondary pneumococcal infection. The elderly population is generally more susceptible to pneumococcal infections. In addition to their declined immunity, alteration of the microbiome seen in the elderly may play a role for the susceptibility of infection. Research with the elderly or using elderly animal infection models will largely enhance our knowledge and significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by pneumococcal infections.
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
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Author : Lorelei Elaine Cron
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Streptococcus Pneumoniae written by Lorelei Elaine Cron and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
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Author : Jeremy Brown
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-05-08
Streptococcus Pneumoniae written by Jeremy Brown and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-08 with Science categories.
Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Molecular Mechanisms of Host-Pathogen Interactions provides a comprehensive overview of our existing knowledge on Streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic resistance, dissemination, and pathogenesis, including immunology. It presents a state-of-the-art overview of the implications of existing data, along with the areas of research that are important for future insights into the molecular mechanisms of pneumococcal infections and how to combat these infections. Users will find a timely update on the topic, as the dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance pneumoniae cases and limitations of the currently available pneumoniae vaccines are creating new concerns on these gram-positive bacteria that are endowed with a high virulence potential, and are the most common etiologic agent of respiratory and life-threatening invasive diseases. Provides an updated overview of our existing knowledge on Streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic resistance, dissemination, and pathogenesis, including immunology Helps strengthen interdisciplinary networking and the focus of scientific resources by targeting epidemiology, vaccines, genetics, antibiotic resistance, clonal dissemination, Streptococcus pneumoniae biology, functional genomics, inflammasome, biomarkers, and more Multi-authored by leaders in the field who present a state-of-the-art overview of what the implications are of existing data, and the areas of research that are important for future insights into the molecular mechanisms of pneumococcal infections Supports combinatory networking in order to find new solutions in clinical therapies Reflects the most topical pneumococcal research trends
Streptococcal Infections
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Author : Dennis L. Stevens
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2000
Streptococcal Infections written by Dennis L. Stevens and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Streptococcal infectinons categories.
Streptococcal Infections: Clinical Aspects, Microbiology, and Molecular Pathogenesis offers an in-depth examination of the spectrum of hemolytic streptococcal infections and their complications. Additionally, the volume incorporates and discusses aspects of pneumococcal, entrococcal, and oral streptococcal disease. The recent resurgence of rheumatic fever, concomitant outbreaks of severe systemic group A streptococcal infections (often accompanied by toxic shock), an increasing incidence of multiple antibiotic resistance among streptococcal species, and an intensified effort to develop effective streptococcal vaccines have brought renewed attention to the continuing role of streptococci for causing significant medical and public health problems in both industrialized and developing countries. Addressing clinical and epidemiological aspects, and microbiological and other approaches of the research scientist, this volume is the first to comprehensively address these clinically important organisms in many years. The contributors are internationally recognized for their expertise, making this book invaluable for infectious disease physicians, (internists, pediatricians, and family physicians, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and basic scientists with an interest in streptococcal infections and their complications.
The Pneumococcus
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Author : Elaine I. Tuomanen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
The Pneumococcus written by Elaine I. Tuomanen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.
A state-of-the-art examination of research in this field and the impact of this gram-positive pathogen on human disease. * Provides coverage of topics in basic microbiology such as details of DNA transformation, molecular and medical epidemiology, the molecular basis of invasive disease, and various interactions with host defenses. * Presents important historical information on the field of pneumococcal research and suggests strategies for future investigation. * Serves as a valuable source of information for graduate and medical school students, infectious disease specialists, and field researchers in the pathogenesis of gram-positive bacteria.
Pathogenesis Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae
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Author : Lauren Joy McAllister
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Pathogenesis Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae written by Lauren Joy McAllister and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Otitis media categories.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the principal bacterial cause of otitis media (OM). While OM does not have the high rates of mortality associated with invasive pneumococcal diseases, such as meningitis, it has an extremely high rate of morbidity, with most children suffering at least one episode of OM during their early childhood years. Despite being a major public health burden worldwide, certain communities are more impacted than others. In Australia, remote Aboriginal communities have the highest rates of OM in the world with absolutely no improvement over the last few decades. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of pneumococcal OM is of vital importance. At the start of this project, serotype 3 middle ear and nasopharyngeal isolates were obtained from both remote Aboriginal communities and the general Australian population from the Menzies School of Health Research (MSHR) in Darwin and the Women's and Children's Hospital (WCH) in Adelaide, respectively. This serotype is an important middle ear pathogen, including in remote Aboriginal communities. In addition, serogroup 11 nasopharyngeal and sinusitis isolates were received from the same sources. Serogroup 11 is rarely reported in OM in remote Australian Aboriginal communities and is generally not as prevalent as serotype 3 in other communities. Furthermore, the serogroup 11 isolates tested were avirulent in mouse invasive disease models, while the serotype 3 isolates tested were virulent. A serotype 11A nasopharyngeal isolate from a remote Aboriginal community was capsule switched to serotype 3. However, in a pneumonia/sepsis mouse model, it was less fit in the middle ears compared to the middle ear isolate from which the serotype 3 capsule locus was derived. This indicated the serotype 3 isolates of this study possess genetic factors apart from serotype that influence OM. Multilocus sequence typing identified two STs in the serotype 3 middle ear isolates (ST180 and ST458). Generally, ST180 is the dominant ST within serotype 3 worldwide, but interestingly, all the isolates typed from MSHR belonged to ST458. The genomes of ST180 and ST458 isolates were analysed using a variety of molecular biological techniques, including a comparison with serogroup 11 isolates by DNA microarray analysis. However, no gene common to one serotype/group but not the other was identified and therefore, the capsule loci remained the only distinguishing feature between serotype 3 and serogroup 11. In order to determine if there were any genes present in the genomes of ST180 and ST458 isolates which were not represented on the microarray slide, PCR-based subtractive hybridisation was employed, and a putative cellobiose phosphotransferase system (PTS) was identified. This PTS is part of a 10 kb island, which includes a sulfatase and ROK family protein. However, there is a large deletion in ST458, which includes the sulfatase and part of the putative cellobiose PTS operon. A large number of strains from a variety of serotype/groups, which included serogroup 11, were found to carry the island through PCR analysis or bioinformatic searches, with most possessing the full island. In ST180, mutagenesis of the island and subsequent virulence studies revealed that the island confers a competitive advantage in a variety of niches, including the ear. Unfortunately, mutagenesis in ST458 was not possible despite numerous attempts. Finally, the availability of next generation sequencing and a fully sequenced genome of a serotype 3 ST180 strain (OXC141), allowed the investigation for genes which had been missed by PCR-based subtractive hybridisation due to limitations with this technique. The genome of an ST458 middle ear isolate (MSHR17) was analysed, along with an unrelated serotype 3 strain (WU2) as a comparison. Both OXC141 and MSHR17 had regions not represented on the microarray slide, but these regions had not been detected by PCR-based subtractive hybridisation due to their absence in the other ST. Therefore, the PTS island remained the only region common to both STs. Nonetheless, the repertoire of regions possessed by ST180 may explain the dominance of this ST in serotype 3 worldwide, while the repertoire possessed by ST458 may mean it is better adapted to the microenvironmental niches encountered in remote Aboriginal communities.
Bacterial Pathogenesis
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Author : Pontus Nordenfelt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-05-31
Bacterial Pathogenesis written by Pontus Nordenfelt and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-31 with Science categories.
This detailed volume presents a diverse set of methodological approaches designed to improve our understanding of bacterial infections from a wide range of bacterial species. Beginning with biofilms and subcellular compartments, the book explores transcriptional analysis, methods for studying plasmid dynamics, and tools for phylogenetic analysis of bacterial genomes, as well as bacterial effector proteins interfering with host systems, host response analysis, and in vivo and in vitro infection models. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Bacterial Pathogenesis: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a vital resource for researchers in the area of infection biology, as well as but not limited to, those working in the fields of microbiology, immunology, structural biology, molecular biology, genetics, imaging, and computational study.
The Host Pathogen Interface In Pneumococcal Meningitis
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Author : K. K. Jim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
The Host Pathogen Interface In Pneumococcal Meningitis written by K. K. Jim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
"Bacterial meningitis is a serious and often devastating infection of the central nervous system, despite advancements in prevention and treatment. The disease burden remains significant, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and continues to exact a heavy burden globally. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis is required, as well as gaining more insights into its clinical features, to develop new intervention strategies. In this thesis, we illustrate that community-acquired bacterial meningitis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and can lead to serious complications. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of using the zebrafish model to study the molecular pathogenesis and pathophysiology of pneumococcal meningitis and other (central nervous system) infections, with particular emphasis on the interface between host and pathogen."--