Networks And Foreign Markets
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Networks And Foreign Markets
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Author : Isabel Díez Vial
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Networks And Foreign Markets written by Isabel Díez Vial and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Understanding The Embeddedness Of Foreign Ethnic Chinese Networks In Host Markets
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Author : Xin De Ong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Understanding The Embeddedness Of Foreign Ethnic Chinese Networks In Host Markets written by Xin De Ong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Although networks are increasingly emphasised in the international business literature, few studies have examined the development of networks in the post-entry phase. Moreover, there is a paucity of research on ethnic Chinese networks in the post-entry phase, despite the growth of ethnic Chinese trade and migration outflows. This study explores the broad research problem of 'How are foreign ethnic Chinese networks embedded in host markets?' by way of a dual-context, qualitative study of foreign ethnic Chinese networks in Prato, Italy and in Singapore. Primarily, the study examines the embeddedness of individual actors from small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Prato was chosen due to the apparent social and economic tensions between the local (host) and the Chinese community, whose members began arriving in Italy in the 1980s. Singapore being predominantly ethnic Chinese, yet reportedly also recently experiencing anti-Chinese sentiments, is a contrasting context to Prato. This comparative study applies and contributes to theories and related concepts such as network theories, social exchange theory, embeddedness, the liability of outsidership, the liability of foreignness, legitimacy theory, and institutional theory.Embeddedness-a central concept of the study-emphasises that social relations underpin most economic actions. Overembeddedness occurs when insufficient new relevant ties are developed in a network, which can lead to network decline or disadvantages for the overembedded actor. The overembeddedness of foreign ethnic Chinese actors within their own ethnic networks in Prato is of social and economic concern, as their networks are often perceived as inaccessible to Italian businesses. The embeddedness of foreign ethnic Chinese actors is explored to study their interactions with host market actors. Two research questions are posed. To deepen our understanding of the relationship between the liability of outsidership and the liability of foreignness, the first research question asks: How do the liabilities of outsidership and foreignness influence the embeddedness of foreign ethnic Chinese networks in host markets? The second research question draws on institutional theory and asks: How does the institutional environment influence the embeddedness of foreign ethnic Chinese networks in host markets?Incorporating social exchange theory and the concept of embeddedness, findings reveal the dyadic nature of the liability of outsidership. Host market actors also face the liability of outsidership when they have difficulty entering foreign ethnic Chinese networks. By overcoming their liability of outsidership with foreign ethnic Chinese networks in their home markets, host market actors can potentially leverage international networks of foreign ethnic Chinese actors. Diverging from existing literature that highlights the temporary nature of the liability of foreignness, the study's findings suggest that, because of ascribed attributes such as race or cultural background, the liability of foreignness may not be easily overcome and can be long-lasting. Next, we highlight the importance of examining legitimacy at the network level, that is, network legitimacy, as foreign ethnic Chinese actors were found to conform more to network norms than market-wide norms enforced by formal institutions. Findings also extend the literature on market exit by highlighting that commonly perceived anti-Chinese sentiments degrade the social environment for foreign ethnic Chinese actors, encouraging market exit. Thus, unfavourable social and political environments could discourage positive long-term behaviour (e.g., building strong ties with host market actors) and encourage short-term negative behaviour (e.g., illicit tax evasion) of foreign ethnic Chinese actors.The study concludes that foreign ethnic Chinese are embedded in complex ways in Prato and Singapore. Some foreign ethnic Chinese actors in Prato show evidence of being overembedded, but many are often connected to host market actors directly or indirectly to various degrees. In predominantly ethnic Chinese Singapore, foreignness is still a barrier to insidership in relevant networks, but can be overcome more easily due to the availability of bilingual intermediaries. Findings show that, in both contexts, foreign ethnic Chinese and their international networks are potentially valuable for host market actors in home or foreign markets. Co-evolving informal and formal institutions influence foreign ethnic Chinese short- and long-term behaviours, which in turn, influence foreign ethnic Chinese actors' embeddedness among host market actors in Prato and Singapore.The study advances the theoretical development of a network perspective of internationalisation by integrating network theories with the concepts of embeddedness and the liabilities of outsidership and foreignness. Findings reveal the significant influence of social networks as an informal institution on foreign ethnic Chinese, thereby highlighting the important roles of networks in institutional theory. Methodological contributions and implications for policy and practice are also discussed.
Managing Networks In International Business
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Author : Mats Forsgren
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1992
Managing Networks In International Business written by Mats Forsgren and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Business & Economics categories.
This book introduces a unique and innovative perspective for the study of international business networking, emphasising interpretation, learning by doing, trust and co-operation in the international business community.
Networks Crowds And Markets
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Author : David Easley
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-07-19
Networks Crowds And Markets written by David Easley and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-19 with Computers categories.
Are all film stars linked to Kevin Bacon? Why do the stock markets rise and fall sharply on the strength of a vague rumour? How does gossip spread so quickly? Are we all related through six degrees of separation? There is a growing awareness of the complex networks that pervade modern society. We see them in the rapid growth of the internet, the ease of global communication, the swift spread of news and information, and in the way epidemics and financial crises develop with startling speed and intensity. This introductory book on the new science of networks takes an interdisciplinary approach, using economics, sociology, computing, information science and applied mathematics to address fundamental questions about the links that connect us, and the ways that our decisions can have consequences for others.
Understanding Business Markets
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Author : Industrial Marketing & Purchasing Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Understanding Business Markets written by Industrial Marketing & Purchasing Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Business & Economics categories.
Manual sobre las operaciones de marketing donde se analizan los conceptos básicos, el desarrollo de estrategias, el marketing internacional, la interacción y las redes entre las actividades de negocios de compra y venta y las relaciones de mercado en un contexto internacional.
International Entrepreneurship In Networks
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Author : Daniel Tolstoy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
International Entrepreneurship In Networks written by Daniel Tolstoy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
The Development Of Business Networks In The Company Internationalisation Process
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Author : Krzysztof Fonfara
language : en
Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu
Release Date : 2012-07-12
The Development Of Business Networks In The Company Internationalisation Process written by Krzysztof Fonfara and has been published by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-12 with categories.
The influence of business networks formed in the internationalisation process on a company's performance, and the mechanism by which they emerge have not yet been subject to extensive and in-depth empirical studies This research gap has provided the impetus for the comprehensive explorations performed by the Department of International Marketing of the Poznań University of Economics within the framework of two research projects conducted in 2006-2008 and 2010-2012. The book emphasis key elements of a research process It presents conceptual propositions, the results of empiric studies and case-study analyses.
Internationalization And Managing Networks In The Asia Pacific
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Author : Nipawan Thirawat
language : en
Publisher: Chandos Publishing
Release Date : 2017-03-02
Internationalization And Managing Networks In The Asia Pacific written by Nipawan Thirawat and has been published by Chandos Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Internationalization and Managing Networks in the Asia Pacific consists of theories and analysis in sections that are related to network management, the power of business networking and the significance and role that business networking plays in propelling organizations towards international business, especially in Asia. Moreover, it includes stakeholder theory and applications of relevant theories to assist in identifying key stakeholders in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The first section contains various fascinating headings, such as analysis of stakeholders’ needs, negotiation techniques with stakeholders, relationship management with stakeholders and the role of network management in expanding international business within Asia. The second section emphasizes internationalization theories and empirical evidence with case studies of Asian multinational companies that have succeeded in expanding abroad, such as Singaporean, Taiwanese, Thai, Malaysian and Indonesian companies. These help provide guidelines of analysis for the adaptations these companies made to internationalize successfully, market penetration strategies used for the AEC and international expansion of Asian companies across countries in Asia and other continents. In addition, an included debate provides information on the applications of business networking and internationalization theories, best practices and development policy recommendations, along with a discussion of the role of the public sector in supporting overseas expansion of the private sector. Consists of two interesting and important topics about network management and internationalization Focuses on the role of Asian companies, including international activities Includes case studies and empirical evidence from works by researchers and experts on network management and international business expansion Provides policy advice to the public sectors within Asia on formulating and implementing policies Offers insight into the role of the public sector in supporting international business activities of the private sector
Knowledge Networks And Power
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Author : U. Holm
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-05-12
Knowledge Networks And Power written by U. Holm and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-12 with Business & Economics categories.
This book presents more than four decades of research in international business at the Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University. Gradually, this research has been recognized as 'The Uppsala School'. The work in Uppsala over the years reflects a broad palette of issues and approaches.
Market Entry Strategies
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Author : Mario Glowik
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2010-10-01
Market Entry Strategies written by Mario Glowik and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Im ersten Teil des Buches werden einschlägige Internationalisierungstheorien vorgestellt. Neben traditionellen Konzepten der Internationalisierung (z.B. Produktlebenszyklusansatz von Vernon, Uppsala Modell und Porter’s Diamant Ansatz) wird den moderneren Netzwerkansätzen (z.B. Systemansatz, New Venture bzw. Born Global und Entrepreneurkonzepte) besonderer Stellenwert eingeräumt. Im zweiten Teil werden Alternativen des internationalen Markteintritts (z.B. Exporte, Franchising, Joint Ventures, Auftragsproduktion und Direktinvestitionen) mit Bezug auf elementare Entscheidungsdeterminanten aus Sicht der Unternehmensführung, wie hierarchische Kontrolle, Marktnähe, Investitionsrisiko und dem Faktor Zeit, erläutert. Im empirischen Teil des Buches werden im Resultat einer Langzeituntersuchung Fallstudien asiatischer Firmen der Konsumentenelektronikindustrie, wie beispielsweise Samsung, Sony, Sharp, Matsushita (Panasonic), LG Electronics und TCL China, deren Organisationsstrukturen, Unternehmenskulturen, jeweilige Umsatz- und Gewinnentwicklung, sowie strategische Konzepte zur Marktdurchdringung in Europa erläutert. Ein Schwerpunkt bildet die Darstellung interner (z.B. diversifizierte Geschäftsfelder, vertikale Produktionstiefe) und externer Netzwerke (z.B. Joint Ventures, Zuliefer- und Abnehmercluster sowie Kapitalbeteiligungen) die aus Sicht des Autors wesentlich dazu beitragen, dass sich asiatische Unternehmen im Vergleich zu ihren europäischen Wettbewerbern der Fernsehgeräteindustrie (z.B. Grundig, Thomson oder Philips) in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten wesentlich erfolgreicher am Markt positioniert haben. In diesem Zusammenhang werden Ziele, Erfolgsfaktoren sowie der strategische Einfluss der involvierten Partnerfirmen, einerseits in bilateralen japanischen Joint Ventures und andererseits, in europäisch - asiatischen Joint Ventures, über einen Zeitverlauf von mehreren Jahren untersucht. Das Buch liefert komplexe Hintergrundinformationen zur Entwicklung des europäischen Fernsehgerätemarktes. Im Ergebnis wird unter anderem nachgewiesen, dass Unternehmen mit den intensivsten Netzwerkaktivitäten auch gleichzeitig technologische Marktführer in ihrem Segment sind. Die Weiterentwicklung der Netzwerktheorie und die ausführlichen Fallstudien mit hohem Aktualitätsanspruch, der wichtigsten asiatischen Unternehmen der Konsumentenelektronikindustrie, prägen den besonderen Wert dieser Publikation. Auf der Basis der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können darüber hinaus Chancen- und Risikopotentiale für andere europäische Branchen (z.B. Automobilbau) abgeleitet werden. Das in Englisch geschriebene Buch eignet sich hervorragend für Studierende international ausgerichteter Bachelor-, Master- und MBA Studiengänge und bietet vor dem Hintergrund eines globalisierten Wettbewerbs darüber hinaus relevante Industrieeinblicke für interessierte Entscheidungsträger aus Politik und Wirtschaft. The first part of the book introduces relevant theories of internationalization. In addition to traditional concepts of internationalization (e.g., the product life-cycle approach of Vernon, the Uppsala model, and Porter's diamond approach), particular attention is paid to the more modern network approaches of internationalization (e.g., systems, new venture/born global, and entrepreneur concepts). In the second part, alternatives for international market entry (e.g., exports, franchising, joint ventures, contract manufacturing, and foreign direct investments) are explained. These market entry modes are categorized according to decision determinants, such as hierarchical control, proximity to the market, risk of investment, and the factor of time, which are important from the point of view of the corporate management involved in international business. The empirical part of this publication, which is the result of a longitudional study, consists of case studies of Asian firms doing business in the consumer electronics industry. The cases of Samsung, Sony, Sharp, Matsushita (Panasonic), LG Electronics, and TCL China provide fundamental insights into the firms’ organizational structures, corporate cultures, respective sales volume, and earnings performance as well as strategic concepts for their market penetration in Europe. A main emphasis is placed on an understanding of internal firm networks (e.g., diversified business fields and vertical production depth) and external firm networks (e.g., joint ventures, supplier and buyer clusters as well as mutual capital interests). From the author’s view, these network grids fundamentally contribute to the fact that Asian firms have more successfully positioned themselves in the market within the last two decades compared to their European competitors in the television set industry (e.g. Grundig, Thomson, or Philips). The networking aims and success factors as well as the changing strategic influence over the years of the partner firms both in bilateral Japanese joint ventures and in European-Asian joint ventures are examined. The book provides complex background information about the development of the European television set market. The analysis demonstrates that firms holding the position of technological market leaders in their segment simultaneously indicate the most intensive network activities. The further development of the network theory and the detailed and up-to-date case studies of the most important Asian enterprises in the consumer electronics industry contribute to the value of this publication. Furthermore, on the basis of the knowledge gained from this study, chances and risk potentials can be derived for other European industries (e.g., automotive). The book, written in English, is suitable for internationally oriented bachelor’s, master’s and MBA programs. Additionally, against the background of worldwide competition, the publication at hand offers relevant industry insights for interested political and economic decision makers.