Neural Basis Of Social Learning Social Deciding And Other Regarding Preferences
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Neural Basis Of Social Learning Social Deciding And Other Regarding Preferences
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Author : Steve W C Chang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-03-02
Neural Basis Of Social Learning Social Deciding And Other Regarding Preferences written by Steve W C Chang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-02 with Learning categories.
Humans and many other social animals decide, or learn when necessary, what to do in a given social situation by assessing a range of variables related to social states (e.g., competitive or cooperative), others’ overt behavior (e.g., response choices and outcomes), others’ covert mental states (e.g., beliefs, intentions and desires), and one’s own interpersonal inclination (e.g. other-regarding preferences and generosity). Recent studies in social neuroscience have begun to uncover how such social variables are processed, encoded, and integrated in the brain. The goal of the current Research Topic is to promote a better understanding of neural basis of social learning, social decision-making, and other-regarding preferences.
Copycats Contrarians
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Author : Michelle Baddeley
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2018-07-10
Copycats Contrarians written by Michelle Baddeley and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-10 with Psychology categories.
“Why we run with—or avoid—the crowd, and why it matters, from choosing a restaurant in a tourist trap to believing fake news. I learned a lot” (Tim Harford, author of The Undercover Economist). Rioting teenagers, tumbling stock markets, and the spread of religious terrorism appear to have little in common, but all are driven by the same basic instincts: the tendency to herd, follow, and imitate others. In today’s interconnected world, group choices all too often seem maladaptive. With unprecedented speed, information—or misinformation—flashes across the globe and drives rapid shifts in group opinion. Adverse results can include speculative economic bubbles, irrational denigration of scientists and other experts, seismic political reversals, and more. Drawing on insights from across the social, behavioral, and natural sciences, Michelle Baddeley explores contexts in which behavior is driven by the herd. She analyzes the rational vs. nonrational and cognitive vs. emotional forces involved, and she investigates why herding only sometimes works out well. With new perspectives on followers, leaders, and the pros and cons of herd behavior, Baddeley shines vivid light on human behavior in the context of our ever-more-connected world. “Her observations on how both risk-taking and conformism contributed to Donald Trump’s election, and on how social media affects ‘copycats,’ make for a well-timed and valuable study.” —Publishers Weekly “This might well become the defining book, for this decade and more, on the topic of herding and social influence.” —Cass Sunstein, co-author of Nudge
Social Neuroeconomics
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Author : Jens Harbecke
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-09-23
Social Neuroeconomics written by Jens Harbecke and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-23 with Business & Economics categories.
Neuroeconomics has emerged as a paradigmatic field where neuroscience and the social sciences are integrated in one analytical and empirical approach. However, the different disciplines involved often only relate to each other via the shared object of research, and less through the constructing of precise models of integrative mechanisms. Social Neuroeconomics explores the potential of philosophical and methodological reflections in the neurosciences and the social sciences to inform those efforts at cross-disciplinary integration, with a special focus on recent contributions to mechanistic explanations. The collected essays are drawn from the fields of neuroscience, psychology, economics, sociology and philosophy, and examine the ways and methods of constructing unified conceptual frameworks that can guide empirical work and hypothesis building. This is demonstrated in a range of applications, particularly regarding finance and consumer behavior. The concept of the ‘social brain’ is also explored; a multilevel framework in which complex analytical categories such as emotions or socially mediated cognitive processes connect neuronal and social phenomena in specific mechanisms that generate behavior. This book addresses a wide audience across the various disciplines, reaching from the neurosciences to the social sciences and philosophy.
Decision Neuroscience
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Author : Jean-Claude Dreher
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-09-27
Decision Neuroscience written by Jean-Claude Dreher and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-27 with Medical categories.
Decision Neuroscience addresses fundamental questions about how the brain makes perceptual, value-based, and more complex decisions in non-social and social contexts. This book presents compelling neuroimaging, electrophysiological, lesional, and neurocomputational models in combination with hormonal and genetic approaches, which have led to a clearer understanding of the neural mechanisms behind how the brain makes decisions. The five parts of the book address distinct but inter-related topics and are designed to serve both as classroom introductions to major subareas in decision neuroscience and as advanced syntheses of all that has been accomplished in the last decade. Part I is devoted to anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and optogenetics animal studies on reinforcement-guided decision making, such as the representation of instructions, expectations, and outcomes; the updating of action values; and the evaluation process guiding choices between prospective rewards. Part II covers the topic of the neural representations of motivation, perceptual decision making, and value-based decision making in humans, combining neurcomputational models and brain imaging studies. Part III focuses on the rapidly developing field of social decision neuroscience, integrating recent mechanistic understanding of social decisions in both non-human primates and humans. Part IV covers clinical aspects involving disorders of decision making that link together basic research areas including systems, cognitive, and clinical neuroscience; this part examines dysfunctions of decision making in neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, behavioral addictions, and focal brain lesions. Part V focuses on the roles of various hormones (cortisol, oxytocin, ghrelin/leptine) and genes that underlie inter-individual differences observed with stress, food choices, and social decision-making processes. The volume is essential reading for anyone interested in decision making neuroscience. With contributions that are forward-looking assessments of the current and future issues faced by researchers, Decision Neuroscience is essential reading for anyone interested in decision-making neuroscience. - Provides comprehensive coverage of approaches to studying individual and social decision neuroscience, including primate neurophysiology, brain imaging in healthy humans and in various disorders, and genetic and hormonal influences on decision making - Covers multiple levels of analysis, from molecular mechanisms to neural-systems dynamics and computational models of how we make choices - Discusses clinical implications of process dysfunctions, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, eating disorders, drug addiction, and pathological gambling - Features chapters from top international researchers in the field and full-color presentation throughout with numerous illustrations to highlight key concepts
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Author : 蜜雪兒．貝德利(Michelle Baddeley)
language : zh-CN
Publisher: 商周出版
Release Date : 2018-11-29
written by 蜜雪兒．貝德利(Michelle Baddeley) and has been published by 商周出版 this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-29 with Science categories.
從金融危機、披頭四狂熱、死傷慘重的狂熱性宗教到民粹主義的崛起， 本書為群聚研究提供了跨學科的見解，是淺顯易懂而重要的入門書籍。 模仿別人的言行就代表愚昧又不理性嗎？ 行為標新立異也是受到演化的影響？ 你以為自己特立獨行，事實上可能是一種群聚行為？ 當大家都與你意見相左，你有自信維持原先的定見嗎？ 從眾者與反叛者的關係看似對立，但兩者其實互相需要？…… 暴動的青少年、上下震盪的股市和宗教恐怖主義的散播，這三者看似無關， 但背後都源自同樣的本能：人類習於群聚、跟隨和模仿他人。 而現今無遠弗屆的網路，讓刻意反潮流的人士和暴民領袖有機可趁，史無前例的操縱群眾行為。 資訊以驚人的速度於世界各地流竄，也讓團體意見的風向瞬息萬變。 而可能的後果包括：出人意料的政治選舉結果、不理性的誹謗科學家和各界專家及金融崩盤。 作者結合社會科學與自然科學的觀點，深入研究我們的模仿和逆向操作行為來自何處。 她揭開有意識和無意識的影響力，包括人對風險的喜好、 對同儕壓力和社會常規的敏感度、恐懼或噁心等情感影響，以及對認同感的需求。 本書讓我們看到人類行為背後錯綜複雜的影響力，分析為什麼有些人容易從眾， 其他人則起身領導，而從眾何時有害，我們又該如何避免可怕的後果。 【各界推薦】 本書不僅是介紹有關群聚研究最新發展的科普書，它同時亦是一本傑出的哲學書籍。 ——國立成功大學經濟學系助理教授? 翁明宏 ? 作者分析了為什麼人們會有群聚的行為，以及反群聚的行為， 我認為大家若能夠搞清楚這背後的原因，就能夠系統性地審視自己的行為， 或許有機會看清楚一些自身行為的荒謬、不合理之處。 ——輔仁大學心理學系副教授? 黃揚名 ? 貝德利是位卓越超群的學者，用流暢的筆觸寫下精采創見…… 在接下來的數十年間，本書極可能成為群聚及社會影響力的決定性名著。 ——《推力》共同作者 凱斯．桑斯坦（Cass Sunstein） 引人入勝的一本書，我們亟需進一步了解社會的潛在心理力量。本書是必讀好書！ ——英國薩福克大學、卡斯商學院榮譽客座教授 茱莉亞．赫伯斯邦（Julia Hobsbawm） 我們為何群聚？從金融危機、披頭四狂熱、死傷慘重的狂熱性宗教到民粹主義的崛起， 貝德利以其少見的學術專業、長期研究，精心寫就這本內容豐富、時機恰好又易讀的著作。 ——倫敦大學伯貝克學院政治教授 艾瑞克．考夫曼（Eric Kaufmann） 今日，模仿者和逆向操作者在世界各地聯手成為強大的經濟與社會力量，影響我們所有人。 貝德利難能可貴的精闢分析這些影響力，本書從頭到尾都兼顧深度與廣度，發人深省。 ——劍橋大學經濟學講師、《打開經濟的黑匣子》（The Skeptical Economist: Revealing the Ethics Inside Economics）作者 強納森．奧德雷德（Jonathan Aldred） 本書跨領域且大範圍的剖析人加入或拒絕人群的理由及重要性， 並舉出從觀光勝地的餐廳選擇到假新聞等實例。我學到很多，希望你們也讀一讀。 ——英國經濟學家與記者、暢銷書《誰賺走了你的咖啡錢》（Undercover Economist）作者 提姆．哈福特（Tim Harford） 出版社 商周出版 (城邦)?
Computational Models Of Brain And Behavior
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Author : Ahmed A. Moustafa
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-11-13
Computational Models Of Brain And Behavior written by Ahmed A. Moustafa and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-13 with Psychology categories.
A comprehensive Introduction to the world of brain and behavior computational models This book provides a broad collection of articles covering different aspects of computational modeling efforts in psychology and neuroscience. Specifically, it discusses models that span different brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, visual cortex), different species (humans, rats, fruit flies), and different modeling methods (neural network, Bayesian, reinforcement learning, data fitting, and Hodgkin-Huxley models, among others). Computational Models of Brain and Behavior is divided into four sections: (a) Models of brain disorders; (b) Neural models of behavioral processes; (c) Models of neural processes, brain regions and neurotransmitters, and (d) Neural modeling approaches. It provides in-depth coverage of models of psychiatric disorders, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, and dyslexia; models of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy; early sensory and perceptual processes; models of olfaction; higher/systems level models and low-level models; Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning; linking information theory to neurobiology; and more. Covers computational approximations to intellectual disability in down syndrome Discusses computational models of pharmacological and immunological treatment in Alzheimer's disease Examines neural circuit models of serotonergic system (from microcircuits to cognition) Educates on information theory, memory, prediction, and timing in associative learning Computational Models of Brain and Behavior is written for advanced undergraduate, Master's and PhD-level students—as well as researchers involved in computational neuroscience modeling research.
Social Emotions And Their Influences
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Author : Huiyan Lin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-06-06
Social Emotions And Their Influences written by Huiyan Lin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-06 with Science categories.
The common dimensional model of emotion has emphasized that emotional information is generally processed from two dimensions: valence (from negative to positive) and arousal (from low to high). Recently, several theories have proposed that emotions also vary along a sociality dimension, ranging from non-social emotions (i.e., basic biological drives) to social emotions (i.e., complex social interactions). Specifically, non-social emotions (e.g., fear) are derived from incentives or aversive emotions that have direct physiological relevance, whereas social emotions (e.g., guilt) are elicited within the context of social information processing or social cognition. Multiple empirical studies have investigated the processing of non-social emotions and the influences of these emotions on other cognitive processes. However, questions regarding social emotion processes and their influences are still open. For example, little is known about psychological and neural mechanisms underlying different social emotions processes (e.g., guilt, shame, love, envy and pride), the development and individual differences of social emotions, or the influences of social emotions on social behaviors and decision-making. Therefore, this Research Topic aims to gain a deeper understanding of how different social emotions are processed among different populations and how these social emotions influence other cognitive processes. We aim to have a collection of studies which extend the theoretical, technical and empirical knowledge about psychological and neural mechanisms underlying social emotions processes as well as the influences of these processes on other cognitive processes, in particular on social decision making. We encourage studies from different domains (e.g., emotion, behavioural economics and decision making), implemented by different techniques (e.g., behaviour, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and brain stimulations), among different populations (e.g., healthy adults, children and elderly, persons with psychological traits and personalities, and psychiatric patients).
Neuroscience Of Preference And Choice
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Author : Raymond J. Dolan
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012
Neuroscience Of Preference And Choice written by Raymond J. Dolan and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.
One of the most pressing questions in neuroscience, psychology and economics today is how does the brain generate preferences and make choices? With a unique interdisciplinary approach, this volume is among the first to explore the cognitive and neural mechanisms mediating the generation of the preferences that guide choice. From preferences determining mundane purchases, to social preferences influencing mating choice, through to moral decisions, the authors adopt diverse approaches to answer the question. Chapters explore the instability of preferences and the common neural processes that occur across preferences. Edited by one of the world's most renowned cognitive neuroscientists, each chapter is authored by an expert in the field, with a host of international contributors. Emphasis on common process underlying preference generation makes material applicable to a variety of disciplines - neuroscience, psychology, economics, law, philosophy, etc. Offers specific focus on how preferences are generated to guide decision making, carefully examining one aspect of the broad field of neuroeconomics and complementing existing volumes Features outstanding, international scholarship, with chapters written by an expert in the topic area
The Cambridge Handbook Of Human Affective Neuroscience
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Author : Jorge Armony
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-01-21
The Cambridge Handbook Of Human Affective Neuroscience written by Jorge Armony and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-21 with Medical categories.
This handbook is the only single volume to capture the current range of neuroscience approaches to human emotion. The contributions, written by the world's leading scientists in the field, address a wide variety of topics, from face and voice perception to pain and music, as well as social behaviors, decision making, and individual differences.
The Neural Basis Of Mentalizing
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Author : Michael Gilead
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-11
The Neural Basis Of Mentalizing written by Michael Gilead and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-11 with Psychology categories.
Humans have a unique ability to understand the beliefs, emotions, and intentions of others—a capacity often referred to as mentalizing. Much research in psychology and neuroscience has focused on delineating the mechanisms of mentalizing, and examining the role of mentalizing processes in other domains of cognitive and affective functioning. The purpose of the book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on the mechanisms of mentalizing at the neural, algorithmic, and computational levels of analysis. The book includes contributions from prominent researchers in the field of social-cognitive and affective neuroscience, as well as from related disciplines (e.g., cognitive, social, developmental and clinical psychology, psychiatry, philosophy, primatology). The contributors review their latest research in order to compile an authoritative source of knowledge on the psychological and brain bases of the unique human capacity to think about the mental states of others. The intended audience is researchers and students in the fields of social-cognitive and affective neuroscience and related disciplines such as neuroeconomics, cognitive neuroscience, developmental neuroscience, social cognition, social psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, and affective science. Secondary audiences include researchers in decision science (economics, judgment and decision-making), philosophy of mind, and psychiatry.