Neural Control Of Blood Pressure And Body Temperature During Heat Stress
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Neural Control Of Blood Pressure And Body Temperature During Heat Stress
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Author : Zachary J. Schlader
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2018-07-17
Neural Control Of Blood Pressure And Body Temperature During Heat Stress written by Zachary J. Schlader and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-17 with Science categories.
Environmental heat stress is associated with a marked decrease in orthostatic tolerance (OT), which is defined as the ability to stand or sit upright without symptoms of dizziness, lightheadedness, presyncope, or fainting. In most healthy humans, the autonomic nervous system makes rapid and balanced adjustments to heart rate and peripheral blood flow, such that most people are able to stand up "successfully" most of the time, in most environments. The goal of this book is to discuss various aspects of the sympathetic neural response to heat stress, how the sympathetic nervous system coordinates the successful integrative physiological response to orthostasis, and what happens when it encounters both challenges simultaneously. We include overviews of mechanisms of thermoregulation and blood pressure regulation in humans, with particular focus on control of cardiac output and neurovascular control mechanisms during heat stress. We discuss the implications that these changes have for distribution of peripheral blood flow and, in particular, for blood flow to the cerebral circulation. The added stressor of dehydration is also discussed, as it so often goes hand in hand with heat stress. We end with a brief presentation of countermeasures against the decreases in OT with heat stress.
Autonomic Failure
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Author : C. J. Mathias
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1999
Autonomic Failure written by C. J. Mathias and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.
This fourth edition of Autonomic Failure (now available in paperback) covers the many recent advances made in our understanding of the autonomic nervous system. There are 20 new chapters and extensive revisions of all other contributions. Autonomic failure, fourth edition makes diagnosis increasingly precise by fully evaluating the underlying anatomical and functional deficits, thereby allowing more effective treatment. This new edition continues to provide practitioners from a variety of fields, including neurology, cardiology, geriatric medicine, diabetology, and internal medicine, with a rational guide to aid in the recognition and management of autonomic disorders. The book starts with an updated classification of autonomic disorders and a history of the autonomic nervous system. The first two sections of the book deal with the fundamental aspects of autonomic structure, function, and integration. There are new chapters dealing with neurobiology, nerve growth factors, genetic mutations, neural and hormonal control of the cerebral circulation, innervation of the lung, and pathophysiological mechanisms causing nausea and vomiting. Advances in the clinical management of autonomic disorders are critically dependent on the bridge made between the basic and applied sciences.
Human Baroreflexes In Health And Disease
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Author : Dwain L. Eckberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Human Baroreflexes In Health And Disease written by Dwain L. Eckberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Baroreceptors categories.
Nerve endings in the walls of the carotid sinuses and the aortic arch transduce arterial pressure changes and provide the central nervous system with a steady stream of encoded information. On the basis of this information, efferent autonomic neural activity is modulated finely, and the neurohumoral milieu of the heart and the blood vessels is adjusted on a second-to-second basis. The arterial baroreflex may be the most important of the cardiovascular control mechanisms, because the baroreflex, above all other reflex mechanisms, is the one whose speed is most adequate to respond rapidly to the abrupt transients of arterial pressure that occur in daily life. This volume presents the many experimental methods available for use in humans that have been recently developed. Some are ingenious and yield results that earlier might have been thought impossible to obtain from human volunteers. Development of these new methods has increased the scientific credibility of human baroreflex research, and this work discusses the advances made in these studies. It clearly describes the existing deficiencies in the understanding of baroreflex mechanisms, and suggests methods for future research in this developing field.
Heat Stress In Sport And Exercise
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Author : Julien D. Périard
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-06
Heat Stress In Sport And Exercise written by Julien D. Périard and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-06 with Medical categories.
The book is designed to provide a flowing description of the physiology of heat stress, the illnesses associated with heat exposure, recommendations on optimising health and performance, and an examination of Olympic sports played in potentially hot environmental conditions. In the first section the book examines how heat stress effects performance by outlining the basics of thermoregulation and how these responses impact on cardiovascular, central nervous system, and skeletal muscle function. It also outlines the pathophysiology and treatment of exertional heat illness, as well as the role of hydration status during exercise in the heat. Thereafter, countermeasures (e.g. cooling and heat acclimation) are covered and an explanation as to how they may aid in decreasing the incidence of heat illness and minimise the impairment in performance is provided. A novel and particular feature of the book is its inclusion of sport-specific chapters in which the influence of heat stress on performance and health is described, as well as strategies and policies adopted by the governing bodies in trying to offset the deleterious role of thermal strain. Given the breadth and scope of the sections, the book will be a reference guide for clinicians, practitioners, coaches, athletes, researchers, and students.
Human Circulation
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Author : Loring B. Rowell
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1986
Human Circulation written by Loring B. Rowell and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Adaptation (Physiology) categories.
Focusing primarily on the distribution of blood flow and its regulation in humans, this well-illustrated study illuminates the overall control of the human cardiovascular system. Combined for the first time in a single volume are discussions of how peripheral vascular beds are controlled in humans, how these control mechanisms interact with those of cardiac performance and the central circulation, and how this vasomotor regulation serves the whole organism, especially under condition of stress. The author also redresses an imbalance found in contemporary cardiovasculary physiology, where the "cardio" is often emphasized at the expense of the "vascular." Rowell stresses the importance of the passive properties of the venous system and argues that the human cardiovascular system has unique properties and strategies for the distribution of blood flow that are rarely observed in other species, a view that will attract attention and stimulate discussion among cardiovascular experts.
Regulation Of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition
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Author : Roland N. Pittman
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2016-08-18
Regulation Of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-18 with Medical categories.
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Human Cardiovascular Control
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Author : Loring B. Rowell
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1993
Human Cardiovascular Control written by Loring B. Rowell and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Medical categories.
This new analysis of reflex and hormonal control of the human cardiovascular system developed from questions raised in Human Circulation: During Physical Stress (Rowell, 1986) and from recent findings. The goal is to help students, physiologists and clinicians understand the control of pressure, vascular volume, and blood flow by examining the cardiovascular system during orthostasis and exercise, two stresses that most affect these variables. A discussion of the passive physical properties of the vascular system provides a basis for explaining how vascular control is modified by mechanical, neural, and humoral factors. Interactive effects of the vasculature on cardiac performance are emphasized; they reveal the importance of autonomic control, supplemented by muscle pumping, in maintaining adequate ventricular filling pressure. The author's detailed analysis of how total oxygen consumption is restricted focuses on limitations in cardiac pumping ability, oxygen diffusion from lungs to blood and from blood to active muscle, oxidative metabolism and neural control of organ blood flow. An unsolved mystery is the nature of the signals that govern the cardiovascular responses to exercise. This is discussed in a new and critical synthesis of ideas and evidence concerning the "error signals" that are sensed and then corrected by activation of the autonomic nervous system during exercise.
Nutritional Needs In Cold And High Altitude Environments
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1996-05-15
Nutritional Needs In Cold And High Altitude Environments written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-05-15 with Medical categories.
This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.
The Mystery Of Yawning In Physiology And Disease
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Author : Olivier Walusinski
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2010-01-01
The Mystery Of Yawning In Physiology And Disease written by Olivier Walusinski and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Medical categories.
Yawning is a stereotyped phylogenetically ancient phenomenon that occurs in almost all vertebrates. As an emotional behavior and an expressive movement, yawning has many consequences; nevertheless, it has so far been poorly addressed in medical research and practice. Bringing together the latest research from many fields, this volume integrates current insights within embryology, ethology, neurophysiology, psychology, fMRI and pathology. The phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of yawning offer an interesting perspective on human development, and its occurrence in neurological diseases - an area explored by only a few investigators - may provide useful clinical information. This book will make valuable and fascinating reading to neurologists, sleep specialists, psychologists, ethologists and pharmacologists, as well as to anybody interested in uncovering the mystery of yawning.
Temperature Regulation
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Author : Stewart Richards
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-12-17
Temperature Regulation written by Stewart Richards and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-17 with Science categories.
MANY aspects of physiology are best understood in terms of bodily reactions to environmental stress, and temperature is one of the most often encountered stress factors in the environment. The responses to temperature can involve practically all of the organ systems of the body and it is for this reason that the study of the regulation of body temperatures represents one of the finest examples of complex reaction integrated by the nervous and endocrine systems, and hence of the principles of biological control. Thus, while thermoregulation offers an abundance of opportunities for the individual who likes to specialize in depth, it is an ideal type of physiology for those who prefer to think of the functioning of the body as whole. This book is written primarily for the undergraduate, but I hope also that some students may find time to read it, before embarking on a university course, as an introduction to some of the ideas that will be encountered in the more detailed study of the biological sciences, including medicine. I have tried to discuss the evidence for important ideas, since this is fundamental to the scientific method, and have been particularly concerned to avoid the use of the sort of technical jargon that gives a spurious impression of authority while in reality creating confusion out of what is in essence simple.