Neuroglia
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Introduction To Neuroglia
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Author : Alexei Verkhratsky
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2014-02-01
Introduction To Neuroglia written by Alexei Verkhratsky and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-01 with Medical categories.
This book is the introduction to a series of e-books dedicated to the physiology and pathophysiology of neuroglia. The topic of neuroglia is generally overlooked in neuroscience curricula across the world, the main attention being focused on the description of excitability of neurons and neuronal networks. The neuroglia, being electrically non-excitable, are universally regarded as supportive cells which do not contribute to information processing. This oversimplified view, however, ignores the tremendous importance of brain homeostasis, which is imperative for the ongoing activity of neuronal networks. It also ignores the truth that specialization of neurons and their ability for rapid propagation and multi-level integration of signals become possible only because of delegation of homeostatic abilities to neuroglia. Furthermore, glial cells contribute to information processing as they can modulate neuronal synaptic transmission. Finally, neuroglia provide the only system of brain defense and as such these cells are intimately involved in all types of neuropathologies, and contribute to both neuroprotection and regeneration of the nervous system. The e-books in this series provide a platform for in-depth learning of all aspects of neuroglial cells function in health and disease.
Neuroglia Function And Pathology
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Author : Alexei Verkhratsky
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-05-12
Neuroglia Function And Pathology written by Alexei Verkhratsky and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-12 with Medical categories.
Diverse specialised neuroglial cells guarantee the development, preservation, and health of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the special senses. In the central nervous system, it is the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia that safeguard nerve cell function and integrity that controls all behaviours and encompasses the cerebral cortex of the brain which is the root of humanity. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells play the leading role, together with satellite glial cells of the sensory and autonomic ganglia, ensuring correct communication between the organs and tissues with the brain and the spinal cord. In the enteric nervous system, specialised enteric glial cells maintain all aspects of gastrointestinal function. Then there are distinctive glial cells of the special senses that ensure how the body perceives and reacts to its environment. In pathology, neuroglia strive to protect the diverse cellular components of the nervous system and are responsible for a proactive programme of posttraumatic restructuring that is aimed at recovery of life-sustaining function. Neuroglia: Function and Pathology provides a highly original and comprehensive account of the physiology and pathophysiology of glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The first part of the book provides a far-reaching description of glial cell form and function, from their evolution in invertebrates to their complexity in humans, encompassing the developmental origin of the varied glial cell types and their diversity of morphology, molecular biology and cellular physiology. The second part of the book is devoted to an all-embracing evaluation of glial cell pathophysiology, commencing with definitive explanations of the fundamental pathologies of the main glial cell types, and ending in a systematic examination of glial contributions to specific neurological diseases. This book emphasises the central roles played by the different classes of neuroglial cells in the progression and outcome of neurological disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems and highlights potential of glial cells as therapeutic targets. The book contains more than 2500 key references from over 150 years of glial research and is superbly illustrated with over 350 original and explanatory full colour figures that describe the diverse characteristics and properties of glial cells in health and disease. Under the same cover, this book combines an authoritative reference book for research and clinical neuroscientists and at the same time serves as an instructive textbook for students of neuroscience, from undergraduates to postgraduates. Single volume covering key aspects of glial cell physiology and pathology In depth overview of the history of glial cell research Comprehensive review of glial cell physiology and pathology Authoritative special chapters on the major neurological diseases Full colour throughout, with 360 illustrations
Pathological Potential Of Neuroglia
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Author : Vladimir Parpura
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-09-26
Pathological Potential Of Neuroglia written by Vladimir Parpura and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-26 with Medical categories.
Pathophysiological states, neurological and psychiatric diseases are almost universally considered from the neurocentric point of view, with neurons being the principal cellular element of pathological process. The brain homeostasis, which lies at the fulcrum of healthy brain function, the compromise of which invariably results in dysfunction/disease, however, is entirely controlled by neuroglia. It is becoming clear that neuroglial cells are involved in various aspects of initiation, progression and resolution of neuropathology. In this book we aim to integrate the body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing the active role of glia in such pathophysiological processes. Understanding roles of glial cells in pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aide the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be particularly useful for researchers, students, physicians and psychotherapists working in the field of neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.
Biology Of Neuroglia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1965-01-01
Biology Of Neuroglia written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965-01-01 with Medical categories.
Biology of Neuroglia
Neuroglia
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Author : Helmut Kettenmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005
Neuroglia written by Helmut Kettenmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Medical categories.
Graduate students in neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and molecular neurobiology will find the book indispensable. It is also a vital companion for researchers in these fields as well as clinicians in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropathology, neuro-oncology, physiatry, and psychiatry."--BOOK JACKET.
Neuroglia
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Author : Bruce R. Ransom
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-11-29
Neuroglia written by Bruce R. Ransom and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-29 with Medical categories.
Neuroglia, the third edition, is the long-awaited revision of the most highly regarded reference volume on glial cells. This indispensable edition has been completely revised, greatly enlarged, and enhanced with four-color figures throughout, all in response to the tremendous amount of new information that has accumulated since the previous edition seven years ago. Glial cells are, without doubt, the new stars in the neuroscience and neurology communities. Neglected in research for years, it is now evident that the brain only functions in a concerted action of all the cells, namely glia and neurons. Seventy one chapters comprehensively discuss virtually every aspect of normal glial cell anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and function, and consider the central roles of these cells in neurological diseases including stroke, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, neuropathy, and psychiatric conditions. More than 20 new chapters have been added to accommodate the unprecedented growth of knowledge about the basic biology of glia and the sophisticated manner in which they partner with neurons in the course of normal brain function. Lavishly illustrated and meticulously edited, the third edition remains the most convenient and maximally useful reference available. This new edition is an essential reference for both newcomers to the field as well as established investigators. Neuroglia belongs on every neuroscientist's bookshelf and will be a great asset for educators and neurological clinicians as well.
Neuroglia In C Elegans
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Author : Randy F. Stout, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2018-02-27
Neuroglia In C Elegans written by Randy F. Stout, Jr. and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-27 with Science categories.
The nematode C. elegans is one of the most important model organisms for understanding neurobiology. Its completely mapped neural connectome of 302 neurons and fully characterized and stereotyped development have made it a prototype for understanding nervous system structure, development, and function. Fifty-six out of C. elegans' total of 959 somatic cells are classified as neuroglia. Although research on worm glia has lagged behind studies focused on neurons, there has been a steep upswing in interest during the past decade. Information arising from the recent burst of research on worm glia supports the idea that C. elegans will continue to be an important animal model for understanding glial cell biology. Since the developmental lineage of all cells was mapped, each glial cell in C. elegans is known by a specific name and has research associated with it. We list and describe the glia of the hermaphrodite form of C. elegans and summarize research findings relating to each glial cell. We hope this lecture provides an informative overview of worm glia to accompany the excellent and freely available online resources available to the worm research community.
Neuroglia In The Aging Brain
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Author : Jean de Vellis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2001-11-06
Neuroglia In The Aging Brain written by Jean de Vellis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-11-06 with Medical categories.
A distinguished panel of internationally recognized neuroscientists comprehensively review the involvement of and changes in glial cells both during the normal aging process and in the major disorders of old age. Topics range from the cellular and molecular changes that occur with aging-especially aging-associated activation of astrocytes and microglia and its relation to neuronal injury and repair-to neuron-glia intercommunication. The contributors show how glial signals may be modulated by hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, intracellular metabolism, and intercellular exchanges, as well as by aging of the blood-brain barrier.
The Surface Contact Glia
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Author : F. Hajos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Surface Contact Glia written by F. Hajos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
1. 1 Brief History The diversity of cells constituting the central nervous system did not deceive last century neurohistologists in recognizing that this organ contained essentially two cell types: the nerve cells, or as termed according to the emerging concept of neural contiguity, the neurons, and the neuroglial cells. Neurons were clearly shown to be the means of excitability, impulse generation, impulse transmission, and connectivity in the neural tissue. The neuroglia, as indicated by its name (YAloc=cement or glue) given by Virchow (1860), was thought to be the cement ing material ensuring the coherence of the nervous tissue, filling in the spaces of the neuropil, and isolating neuronal cell bodies. While this supposedly passive role did not attract multidisciplinary research on the neuroglia, successful efforts were made to extend our knowledge of the physiology, morphology, and bio chemistry of neurons. As a result of this, the investigation of the neuroglia carried out in the first half of this century was mainly confined to morphology, often as a by-product of comprehensive analyses of neuronal systems. At any rate, the histological classification of the neuroglia was accomplished, laying a framework which has been used to the present day. Accordingly, the glia was divided into two major groups: the macro- and microglia. The former comprises two further subclasses, the astroglia and oligodendroglia.
Neuroglia In Infectious Brain Diseases
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Author : Gwenn Skar
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2015-02-01
Neuroglia In Infectious Brain Diseases written by Gwenn Skar and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-01 with Medical categories.
In this book, we present a discussion of the immune functions of neuroglia and their interactions with common infectious diseases in the brain. While most is known about microglia and astrocytes, as are extensively reviewed here, our understanding of other glia, including oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells, continues to grow in terms of their response to infection. Our discussion focuses on the most clinically relevant and well-studied infectious diseases, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among others, in their interactions with microglia and astrocytes. These immune responses within the central nervous system are crucial for protecting us from pathogens and yet must be carefully balanced with the need to protect brain structures that are sensitive to inflammatory damage. The complex interactions between pathogens and glia, as well as glia with other cells in the central nervous system, are an area of fascinating research that continues to grow as we attempt to translate our understanding of these processes to new treatment and prevention strategies.