Neuropilin

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Neuropilin

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Author : Dominique Bagnard
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-04-27

Neuropilin written by Dominique Bagnard and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-27 with Medical categories.

Cell adhesion is one of the most important properties controlling embryonic development. Extremely precise cell-cell contacts are established according to the nature of adhesion molecules that are expressed on the cell surface. The identifica tion of several families of adhesion molecules, well conserved throughout evolu tion, has been the basis of a considerable amount of work over the past 20 years that contributed to establish functions of cell adhesion in almost all organs. Nowadays, cell adhesion molecules are not just considered as cellular glue but are thought to play critical roles in cell signaling. Their ability to influence cell proliferation, mi gration, or differentiation depends on both cell surface adhesion properties and acti vation of intracellular pathways. The next challenge will be to understand how these molecules interact with each other to ensure specific functions in the morphogen esis of very sophisticated systems. Indeed, by exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms of nervous system development, the group of H. Fujisawa in Japan identified in 1987 an adhesion molecule, neuropilin, highly expressed in the neuro pile of amphibian optic tectum. Ten years later, two groups discovered that neuropilin is a receptor for guidance signals of the semaphorin family. Axon guidance is a critical step during brain development and the mechanisms ensuring growth cone navigation are beginning to be well understood. The semaphorins are bifunctional signals defining permissive or inhibitory pathways sensed by the growth cone.

The Neuropilins Role And Function In Health And Disease

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Author : Gera Neufeld
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-02-06

The Neuropilins Role And Function In Health And Disease written by Gera Neufeld and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-06 with Medical categories.

This book covers basic research topics such as the structure-function relationships of neuropilins and mechanisms of neuropilin-mediated signal transduction, details the most important roles of the neuropilins in developmental biology, and addresses their roles in various conditions such as cancer and various eye diseases. The two neuropilin genes encode scaffold receptors that can bind several different ligands, and also associate with many other receptors and modify their activity. Further, it has been confirmed that they play important roles in the shaping of major organs and tissues such as the nervous system and the vascular system, and that they can modulate immune responses. The book offers a helpful guide for biomedical researchers and all scientists active in the neurosciences, vascular and molecular biology, as well as developmental biology and immunology.

Flow Regulation Of Neuropilin 1 And The Role Of Neuropilin 1 In Mechanotransduction

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Author : Espen Dhaenens Jahnsen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

Flow Regulation Of Neuropilin 1 And The Role Of Neuropilin 1 In Mechanotransduction written by Espen Dhaenens Jahnsen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

The Role Of Neuropilin 1 And Plexin A4 In Angiogenesis And Tumor Progression

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Author : Noa Rabinowicz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

The Role Of Neuropilin 1 And Plexin A4 In Angiogenesis And Tumor Progression written by Noa Rabinowicz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

The Role Of The Co Receptor Neuropilin 1 In Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

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Author : C. A. P. Pellet-Many
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

The Role Of The Co Receptor Neuropilin 1 In Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells written by C. A. P. Pellet-Many and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a co-receptor required for neuronal and vascular development, which binds to class 3 semaphorins and VEGFs. NRP1 has been strongly implicated in VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration. VEGF has been shown to regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function in vitro. Evidence from mutant mice also suggests that NRP1 disruption in vivo can affect VSMC as well as endothelial function. I therefore investigated the role of NRPs in VSMC biological functions and more particularly in their migration. Western blotting showed that NRP1 and the related molecule, NRP2, were strongly expressed in human coronary artery SMC (HCASMC), whereas the major VEGF signalling receptor VEGFR2/KDR was not detectable. A high molecular weight NRP1-immunoreactive band (>250 kDa) was also strongly expressed in HCASMC, but was not detected either in cognate Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) or in Human umbilical vein EC. The high molecular weight species was decreased significantly by treating the SMCs with chondroitinase, an enzyme that specifically chondroitin sulphate (CS) residues found in CS proteoglycan. Treatment with heparitinase, an enzymethat specifically heparan sulphate (HS) residues also resulted in a decrease of the highmolecular weight band but to a lesser extent than chondroitinase. Finally, treatment of SMC with both enzymes caused the complete disappearance of the high molecular weight species. Hence, in SMCs, in addition to the known NRP1 species at 130 kDa, NRP1 exists as a glycosaminoglycan containing either chondroitin sulphate or heparan sulphate polysaccharide chains. Mutational analysis of candidate O-linked glycosylation sites in the NRP1 extracellular domain showed that glycosylation occurred at serine 612. The importance of this gly-cosaminoglycan (GAG) modification was assessed by generating a construct of NRP1 lacking this GAG modification, called S612A. This was done by generation of an adenovirus NRP1 mutant with an alanine residue instead of the serine found in the wild-type species, however, the over-expression of the S612A NRP1 mutant in VSMC caused no signicant difference in PDGF-induced HCASMC migration. VEGF was able to bind significantly to ECs and SMCs but did not induce a significant migratory response of SMCs in contrast to PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB. PDGF-BB-induced HCASMC migration in transwell assays was inhibited by EG3287, a NRP1-specific antagonist, which blocks the ability of VEGF-A 1 6 5 to bind to NRP1. Furthermore, the migratory response to PDGF-BB was significantly decreased by siRNA-mediated knockdown of NRP1, NRP2 or a neuropilin interacting protein (NIP1 or synectin), and by pre-treatment with soluble NRP1 or NRP1 b1 domain (NRP1 VEGF binding domain). NRP1 knockdown also inhibited the migratory response to PDGF-AA. NRP1 was found to physically interact with PDGFR\alpha, but not with PDGFR\beta, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. PDGFR\alpha, but not PDGFR\beta, phosphorylation was decreased in response to PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB when NRP1 was knocked down in HCASMC. Intracellular signalling in response to PDGF-BB stimulation was investigated in HCASMCs with NRP1 knockdown. PDGF-BB stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the adapter protein p130Cas, which has been stronlgy implicated in cellular and molecular processes involved in cell migration. NRP1 knockdown reduced p130Cas phosphorylation, but had little effect on signalling pathways, such as ERK1/2, Akt, cofilin, Hsp27 and FAK. To investigate the contribution of the NRP1 intracellular domain in PDGF-induced migration and signalling, I generated a NRP1 construct lacking the intracellular domain by introducing a stop codon after the transmembrane domain. Overexpression of NRP1 lacking its C-terminus in HCASMC resulted in a decrease of PDGF-induced migration and activation of phospho-p130Cas. Furthermore, p130Cas knockdown also inhibited PDGF- induced HCASMC migration, thus reinforcing the importance of p130Cas phosphorylation in NRP1-dependent cell migration. The findings that NRP1 is strongly expressed in HCASMC in a CS-GAG and a HS-GAG modified form and plays a role in the chemotactic response to PDGF-BB, highlight the possible involvement of NRPs in neotintima formation in vasculoproliferative diseases.

Neuropilin Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling In Endothelial Cells

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Author : Claudia Prahst
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Neuropilin Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling In Endothelial Cells written by Claudia Prahst and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.

The Role Of Neuropilin 1 In Tumor And Developmental Angiogenesis

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Author : Percy Po-Yih Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003

The Role Of Neuropilin 1 In Tumor And Developmental Angiogenesis written by Percy Po-Yih Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Neovascularization categories.

Study Of Neuropilin 1 Interactions

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Author : Katarzyna Adela Uniewicz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Study Of Neuropilin 1 Interactions written by Katarzyna Adela Uniewicz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

The Roles Of Neuropilin 1 And Ptp1b In Vegfr2 Trafficking And Signaling In Endothelial Cells

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Author : Zhang, Xi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

The Roles Of Neuropilin 1 And Ptp1b In Vegfr2 Trafficking And Signaling In Endothelial Cells written by Zhang, Xi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

Role Of Neuropilin 1 In Cd8 T Cells

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Author : Mike Barnkob
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Role Of Neuropilin 1 In Cd8 T Cells written by Mike Barnkob and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.