Neurovision Neural Bases Of Binocular Vision And Coordination And Their Implications In Visual Training Programs
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Neurovision Neural Bases Of Binocular Vision And Coordination And Their Implications In Visual Training Programs
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Author : Olivier A. Coubard
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-10-12
Neurovision Neural Bases Of Binocular Vision And Coordination And Their Implications In Visual Training Programs written by Olivier A. Coubard and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-12 with Binocular vision categories.
Binocular vision is achieved by five neurovisual systems originating in the retina but varying in their destination within the brain. Two systems have been widely studied: the retino-tectal or retino-collicular route, which subserves an expedient and raw estimate of the visual scene through the magnocellular pathway, and the retino-occipital or retino-cortical route, which allows slower but refined analysis of the visual scene through the parvocellular pathway. But there also exist further neurovisual systems: the retino-hypothalamic, retino-pretectal, and accessory optic systems, which play a crucial role in vision though they are less understood. The retino-pretectal pathway projecting onto the pretectum is critical for the pupillary or photomotor reflex. The retino-hypothalamic pathway projecting onto the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates numerous behavioral and biological functions as well as circadian rhythms. The accessory optic system targeting terminal lateral, medial and dorsal nuclei through the paraoptic fasciculus plays a role in head and gaze orientation as well as slow movements. Taken together, these neurovisual systems involve 60% of brain activity, thus highlighting the importance of vision in the functioning and regulation of the central nervous system. But vision is first and foremost action, which makes perception impossible without movement. Binocular coordination is a prerequisite for binocular fusion of the object of interest on the two foveas, thus ensuring visual perception. The retino-collicular pathway is sufficient to elicit reflexive eye movements with short latencies. Thanks to its motor neurons, the superior colliculus activates premotor neurons, which themselves activate motor neurons of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei. At a higher level, a cascade of neural mechanisms participates in the control of decisional eye movements. The superior colliculus is controlled by the substancia nigra pars reticulata, which is itself gated by subcortical structures such as the dorsal striatum. The superior colliculus is also inhibited by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex through a direct prefrontotectal tract. Cortical areas are crucial for the triggering of eye movements: the frontal eye field, supplementary eye field, and parietal eye field. Finally the cerebellum maintains accuracy. The focus of the present research topic, entitled Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs, is to review the most recent findings in brain imaging and neurophysiology of binocular vision and coordination in humans and animals with frontally-placed eyes. The emphasis is put on studies that enable transfer of knowledge toward visual training programs targeting visual field defects (e.g., hemianopia) and binocular functional disorders (e.g., amblyopia).
Biomimetic And Biohybrid Systems
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Author : Nathan F. Lepora
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-11
Biomimetic And Biohybrid Systems written by Nathan F. Lepora and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-11 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2016, held in Edinburgh, UK, in July 2016. The 34 full and 27 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions.The theme of the conference encompasses biomimetic methods for manufacture, repair and recycling inspired by natural processes such as reproduction, digestion, morphogenesis and metamorphosis.
Optometric Management Of Learning Related Vision Problems
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Author : Mitchell Scheiman
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Optometric Management Of Learning Related Vision Problems written by Mitchell Scheiman and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Medical categories.
This book explores the relationship between vision and learning and the role of optometrists in the assessment and management of learning related vision problems. It discusses normal child development, the learning process, learning disabilities, the relationship between vision and learning, and models for managing vision problems affecting learning. It is also of interest to health care practitioners involved in the evaluation and treatment of children and adults with learning difficulties. Instructor resources are available; please contact your Elsevier sales representative for details. Presents an organized, easy-to-follow approach to the diagnosis and treatment of learning-related vision problems.Each chapter contains key terms and chapter review questions making it more appealing to the student and instructor.Includes appendices containing sample reports, sample questionnaires, sample letters, a bibliography, and case histories showing the reader how to use the material from the book in practice.Well respected authors and contributors provide authoritative coverage of the topic. Expanded information on the use of colored lenses and reading.New chapter on reading disorders that covers how children learn to read, teaching methods, optometric assessment, and management of dyslexia.Chapters have been updated with new computer software options, including computer aided vision therapy, perceptual home therapy system, and temporal visual processing program.Updated testing battery, including new tests, visual processing speed, and optometric use of IQ screening tests such as K-BIT.Expanded coverage of psycho education evaluation includes substantial updates with new test instruments, such as WISC.Substantial revisions based on literature review for last 10 years.New and updated illustrations.
Movements Of The Eyes
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Author : Roger H. S. Carpenter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Movements Of The Eyes written by Roger H. S. Carpenter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Medical categories.
The analysis of the neural control systems that govern the movements of the eyes has been one of the major successes of neurophysiology in recent years. This book presents an integrated account of the anatomy and physiology of eye movements. This second edition has been substantially revised and enlarged and contains a new section on plasticity ......
Industrial Assembly
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Author : Shimon Y. Nof
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1997-04-30
Industrial Assembly written by Shimon Y. Nof and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-04-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Industrial Assembly is a rapidly changing field with significant importance in production. This book is the first of its kind to combine technology, design, methods, and planning and control models of assembly operations and systems. With the increasing importance of assembly in industry and of simultaneous engineering approaches, this timely publication provides: comprehensive coverage of technological, engineering, and management aspects of this field; multi-disciplinary approaches to rationalization of assembly operations and systems; explanation of qualitative models, information technologies, and design techniques, which have been practised effectively in industrial assembly; as well as theoretical foundations and emerging trends that shape the future of assembly.
Convergent Strabismus
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Author : L.E. Evens
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Convergent Strabismus written by L.E. Evens and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
When the Board of Directors of the Belgian Ophthalmological Soci ety, in its session of November 26th 1978, asked me to prepare a report on strabismus to be presented at the joint meeting of the Dutch and Belgian Ophthalmological Societies to be held on June 13th 1981, I felt greatly honored but still more overwhelmed by the immensity of the task. I took advantage of the complete liberty given to me by the Board of Directors, first to limit the work to one particular form of strabismus, i.e. the convergent comitant form; second, to seek the help of what I thought to be the best strabologists in the Low Countries; third, to aim not at an encyclopedic treatise but at a practical volume destined to the general ophthalmologist. This volume is thus limited to the various aspects of convergent strabismus, more accurately of comitant convergent strabismus. The omission of the word" comitant" is purposely made to avoid the dif fic'ulties accompanying the explanation of this term and all the acroba tics needed to explain that most comitant strabismus are not complete ly comitant. The choice of this particular form of strabismus seems logical. First of all, it is the most common form of strabismus. On the other hand, most principles concerning examination and treatment can with some modifications be applied to other forms of strabismus.
Alexia
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Author : Alexander Leff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-17
Alexia written by Alexander Leff and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-17 with Medical categories.
This book is a comprehensive review of the main acquired disorders of reading: hemianopic, pure and central alexia. The authors review the diagnostic criteria for each of the different types of disorder, and the efficacy of the therapeutic studies that have attempted to remediate them. The different theoretical models of adult reading, which largely rest on how the reading system responds to injury, are also discussed and evaluated. Focal brain injury caused by stroke and brain tumors are discussed in depth as are the effects of dementia on reading. This book starts with a chapter on normal reading, followed by chapters on hemianopic alexia, pure alexia and central alexia, each structured in the same way, with: a description of the condition; a historical review of cases to date; psychophysics; consideration of the causative lesions; evidence from functional imaging studies on patients and, most importantly, a review of the evidence base for treating each condition. Finally, there is a chapter on how patient data has informed how we think about reading. Alexia: Diagnosis, Treatment and Theory is aimed at neuropsychologists (both experimental and clinical), neurologists, speech therapists and others who deal with patients whose reading has been affected by an acquired brain injury, as well as interested students studying language disorders.
Visual Diagnosis And Care Of The Patient With Special Needs
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Author : Marc B. Taub
language : en
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Release Date : 2012-09-26
Visual Diagnosis And Care Of The Patient With Special Needs written by Marc B. Taub and has been published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-26 with Medical categories.
Visual Diagnosis and Care of the Patient with Special Needs provides a thorough review of the eye and vision care needs of patients with special needs. This book gives you a better understanding of the most frequently encountered developmental and acquired disabilities seen in the eye care practitioner’s office. These disabilities include patients with autism, brain injury, Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome, as well as those with psychiatric illness, dual diagnosis, and more. The text discusses, in great detail, the visual issues inherent in these populations and their possible treatment. A group of authors with approximately 500 years of experience in the field of eye care and special populations have been brought together to develop this comprehensive reference. It may appear that this book is written primarily for eye care practitioners such as optometrists and ophthalmologists, while vision is the overriding topic, this book serves as an excellent resource for a multitude of professions including those engaged in occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech and language therapy, physiatry, social work, pediatric medicine, and special education.
Report To Congress On Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In The United States
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Author : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-05-23
Report To Congress On Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In The United States written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-23 with Medical categories.
According to existing data, more than 1.5 million people experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year in the United States. Of them, as many as 75 percent sustain a mild traumatic brain injury—or MTBI. These injuries may cause long-term or permanent impairments and disabilities. Many people with MTBI have difficulty returning to rou- tine, daily activities and may be unable to return to work for many weeks or months. In addition to the human toll of these injuries, MTBI costs the nation nearly $17 billion each year.
On The Neural Basis Of Binocular Composition
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Author : Benjamin Lankow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
On The Neural Basis Of Binocular Composition written by Benjamin Lankow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Throughout the brain, parallel processing streams compose the building-blocks of complex neural function. Perhaps the most salient of all parallel streams in the brain are the pathways carrying information from the two eyes. The interaction of these visual pathways has emerged as a promising model for establishing causal links between neural processing and visual perception, but much is unknown regarding where monocular information streams first interact in the brain and what types of neural circuitry support the processing of binocular signals. To address these points, we use psychophysical, physiological, and computational methods to develop an understanding of how the brain processes binocular visual information. We performed physiological and psychophysical experiments in the alert macaque monkey to determine where in the brain visual signals from the two eyes first interact; we demonstrate that visual information remains segregated in monocular streams prior to reaching the visual cortex. We then build on recent advances in the theory of dynamical neural networks to develop a computational framework for binocular combination and binocular rivalry. We demonstrate that surprisingly simple rules of connectivity that are inspired by functional connectivity in the visual cortex are sufficient to generate summation and rivalry in a network model of binocular vision.