On The Neural Basis Of Binocular Composition
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On The Neural Basis Of Binocular Composition
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Author : Benjamin Lankow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
On The Neural Basis Of Binocular Composition written by Benjamin Lankow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Throughout the brain, parallel processing streams compose the building-blocks of complex neural function. Perhaps the most salient of all parallel streams in the brain are the pathways carrying information from the two eyes. The interaction of these visual pathways has emerged as a promising model for establishing causal links between neural processing and visual perception, but much is unknown regarding where monocular information streams first interact in the brain and what types of neural circuitry support the processing of binocular signals. To address these points, we use psychophysical, physiological, and computational methods to develop an understanding of how the brain processes binocular visual information. We performed physiological and psychophysical experiments in the alert macaque monkey to determine where in the brain visual signals from the two eyes first interact; we demonstrate that visual information remains segregated in monocular streams prior to reaching the visual cortex. We then build on recent advances in the theory of dynamical neural networks to develop a computational framework for binocular combination and binocular rivalry. We demonstrate that surprisingly simple rules of connectivity that are inspired by functional connectivity in the visual cortex are sufficient to generate summation and rivalry in a network model of binocular vision.
Neurovision Neural Bases Of Binocular Vision And Coordination And Their Implications In Visual Training Programs
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Author : Olivier A. Coubard
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-10-12
Neurovision Neural Bases Of Binocular Vision And Coordination And Their Implications In Visual Training Programs written by Olivier A. Coubard and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-12 with Binocular vision categories.
Binocular vision is achieved by five neurovisual systems originating in the retina but varying in their destination within the brain. Two systems have been widely studied: the retino-tectal or retino-collicular route, which subserves an expedient and raw estimate of the visual scene through the magnocellular pathway, and the retino-occipital or retino-cortical route, which allows slower but refined analysis of the visual scene through the parvocellular pathway. But there also exist further neurovisual systems: the retino-hypothalamic, retino-pretectal, and accessory optic systems, which play a crucial role in vision though they are less understood. The retino-pretectal pathway projecting onto the pretectum is critical for the pupillary or photomotor reflex. The retino-hypothalamic pathway projecting onto the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates numerous behavioral and biological functions as well as circadian rhythms. The accessory optic system targeting terminal lateral, medial and dorsal nuclei through the paraoptic fasciculus plays a role in head and gaze orientation as well as slow movements. Taken together, these neurovisual systems involve 60% of brain activity, thus highlighting the importance of vision in the functioning and regulation of the central nervous system. But vision is first and foremost action, which makes perception impossible without movement. Binocular coordination is a prerequisite for binocular fusion of the object of interest on the two foveas, thus ensuring visual perception. The retino-collicular pathway is sufficient to elicit reflexive eye movements with short latencies. Thanks to its motor neurons, the superior colliculus activates premotor neurons, which themselves activate motor neurons of the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei. At a higher level, a cascade of neural mechanisms participates in the control of decisional eye movements. The superior colliculus is controlled by the substancia nigra pars reticulata, which is itself gated by subcortical structures such as the dorsal striatum. The superior colliculus is also inhibited by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex through a direct prefrontotectal tract. Cortical areas are crucial for the triggering of eye movements: the frontal eye field, supplementary eye field, and parietal eye field. Finally the cerebellum maintains accuracy. The focus of the present research topic, entitled Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs, is to review the most recent findings in brain imaging and neurophysiology of binocular vision and coordination in humans and animals with frontally-placed eyes. The emphasis is put on studies that enable transfer of knowledge toward visual training programs targeting visual field defects (e.g., hemianopia) and binocular functional disorders (e.g., amblyopia).
The Neural Bases Of Multisensory Processes
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Author : Micah M. Murray
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-08-25
The Neural Bases Of Multisensory Processes written by Micah M. Murray and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-25 with Science categories.
It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging and neuroscience methods, The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes details current understanding in the neural bases for these phenomena as studied across species, stages of development, and clinical statuses. Organized thematically into nine sub-sections, the book is a collection of contributions by leading scientists in the field. Chapters build generally from basic to applied, allowing readers to ascertain how fundamental science informs the clinical and applied sciences. Topics discussed include: Anatomy, essential for understanding the neural substrates of multisensory processing Neurophysiological bases and how multisensory stimuli can dramatically change the encoding processes for sensory information Combinatorial principles and modeling, focusing on efforts to gain a better mechanistic handle on multisensory operations and their network dynamics Development and plasticity Clinical manifestations and how perception and action are affected by altered sensory experience Attention and spatial representations The last sections of the book focus on naturalistic multisensory processes in three separate contexts: motion signals, multisensory contributions to the perception and generation of communication signals, and how the perception of flavor is generated. The text provides a solid introduction for newcomers and a strong overview of the current state of the field for experts.
Binocular Rivalry A Gateway To Consciousness
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Author : Alexander Maier
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :
Binocular Rivalry A Gateway To Consciousness written by Alexander Maier and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Brain-mind problems like consciousness have been stimulating the interest of philosophers and scientists since the ancient times. In the last decades, the dramatic development of neuroscience has allowed studying such phenomena at several different levels – from single neurons to behavior. Binocular rivalry, a paradigm dissociating the sensory input from the conscious perception during dichoptic viewing of incongruent images, has been a celebrated example of such a tool. During the last century, empirical research on binocular rivalry contributed the first important insights into the neuronal mechanisms of subjective visual perception. Recent advances in brain imaging and electrophysiological recording/stimulating techniques as well as novel theoretical concepts and analytical methods could be exploited to expand our knowledge on this fascinating phenomenon of visual perception and elucidate the neural processes underlying visual consciousness. This Research Topic aims to bring together contributions that could expand the current frontiers of knowledge in binocular rivalry. In particular we would like to focus on reviews, hypothesis & theory or original research articles that specifically combine novel concepts, analytical tools and neurophysiological techniques with binocular rivalry. We expect that these contributions will a) integrate the vast knowledge already existing in the field b) formulate and, when possible, address questions under the light of recent methodological advances in neuroscience and c) provide a benchmark that will stimulate future cutting edge research.
Encyclopedia Of Neuroscience Volume 1
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Author : Larry R. Squire
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-06-12
Encyclopedia Of Neuroscience Volume 1 written by Larry R. Squire and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-12 with Medical categories.
The Encyclopedia of the Neuroscience explores all areas of the discipline in its focused entries on a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and other related areas of neuroscience. Each article is written by an expert in that specific domain and peer reviewed by the advisory board before acceptance into the encyclopedia. Each article contains a glossary, introduction, a reference section, and cross-references to other related encyclopedia articles. Written at a level suitable for university undergraduates, the breadth and depth of coverage will appeal beyond undergraduates to professionals and academics in related fields.
Handbook Of Neuroscience For The Behavioral Sciences Volume 1
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Author : Gary G. Berntson
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-10-12
Handbook Of Neuroscience For The Behavioral Sciences Volume 1 written by Gary G. Berntson and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-12 with Psychology categories.
As technology has made imaging of the brain noninvasive and inexpensive, nearly every psychologist in every subfield is using pictures of the brain to show biological connections to feelings and behavior. Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences, Volume I provides psychologists and other behavioral scientists with a solid foundation in the increasingly critical field of neuroscience. Current and accessible, this volume provides the information they need to understand the new biological bases, research tools, and implications of brain and gene research as it relates to psychology.
Attention
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Author : Christopher Mole
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-07-28
Attention written by Christopher Mole and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-28 with Philosophy categories.
This volume presents the latest thinking on attention from the philosophers and psychologists who are working at the interface between these two disciplines.
Bios Instant Notes In Neuroscience
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Author : Alan Longstaff
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2004-08-02
Bios Instant Notes In Neuroscience written by Alan Longstaff and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-02 with Science categories.
The second edition of Instant Notes in Neuroscience covers neuroanatomy, cellular and molecular neuroscience, systems neuroscience, behavior, development of the nervous system, learning, memory, and common brain disorders. It gives rapid and easy access to the core of the subject in an affordable and manageable-sized text.
Neural Darwinism
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Author : Gerald M. Edelman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987-12-06
Neural Darwinism written by Gerald M. Edelman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-12-06 with Medical categories.
One of the nation's leading neuroscientists presents a radically new view of the function of the brain and the nervous system. Its central idea is that the nervous system in each individual operates as a selective system resembling natural selection in evolution, but operating by different mechanisms. This far-ranging theory of brain functions is bound to stimulate renewed discussion of such philosophical issues as the mind-body problem, the origins of knowledge and the perceptual bases of language. Notes and Index.
Adler S Physiology Of The Eye
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Author : Leonard A Levin
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2011-04-04
Adler S Physiology Of The Eye written by Leonard A Levin and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-04 with Medical categories.
Drs. Paul L. Kaufman, Albert Alm, Leonard A Levin, Siv F. E. Nilsson, James Ver Hoeve, and Samuel Wu present the 11th Edition of the classic text Adler's Physiology of the Eye, updated to enhance your understanding of ocular function. This full-color, user-friendly edition captures the latest molecular, genetic, and biochemical discoveries and offers you unparalleled knowledge and insight into the physiology of the eye and its structures. A new organization by function, rather than anatomy, helps you make a stronger connection between physiological principles and clinical practice; and more than 1,000 great new full-color illustrations help clarify complex concepts. You can also access the complete contents online at www.expertconsult.com. Deepen your grasp of the physiological principles that underlie visual acuity, color vision, ocular circulation, the extraocular muscle, and much more. Improve your understanding of physiology by referring to this totally updated volume--organized by function, rather than anatomy--and make a stronger connection between physiological principles and clinical practice. Better visualize information with a new, revamped format that includes 1,000 illustrations presented in full-color to better clarify complex concepts and functions. Access the most recent molecular, genetic, and biochemical discoveries affecting eye function, and gain fresh perspectives from a new, international editorial team. Search the entire contents online and download all the illustrations at www.expertconsult.com.