New Horizons In Fundamental Physics
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New Horizons In Fundamental Physics
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Author : Stefan Schramm
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-11
New Horizons In Fundamental Physics written by Stefan Schramm and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-11 with Science categories.
This volume presents the state-of-the-art in selected topics across modern nuclear physics, covering fields of central importance to research and illustrating their connection to many different areas of physics. It describes recent progress in the study of superheavy and exotic nuclei, which is pushing our knowledge to ever heavier elements and neutron-richer isotopes. Extending nuclear physics to systems that are many times denser than even the core of an atomic nucleus, one enters the realm of the physics of neutron stars and possibly quark stars, a topic that is intensively investigated with many ground-based and outer-space research missions as well as numerous theoretical works. By colliding two nuclei at very high ultra-relativistic energies one can create a fireball of extremely hot matter, reminiscent of the universe very shortly after the big bang, leading to a phase of melted hadrons and free quarks and gluons, the so-called quark-gluon plasma. These studies tie up with effects of crucial importance in other fields. During the collision of heavy ions, electric fields of extreme strength are produced, potentially destabilizing the vacuum of the atomic physics system, subsequently leading to the decay of the vacuum state and the emission of positrons. In neutron stars the ultra-dense matter might support extremely high magnetic fields, far beyond anything that can be produced in the laboratory, significantly affecting the stellar properties. At very high densities general relativity predicts the stellar collapse to a black hole. However, a number of current theoretical activities, modifying Einstein’s theory, point to possible alternative scenarios, where this collapse might be avoided. These and related topics are addressed in this book in a series of highly readable chapters. In addition, the book includes fundamental analyses of the practicalities involved in transiting to an electricity supply mainly based on renewable energies, investigating this scenario less from an engineering and more from a physics point of view. While the topics comprise a large scope of activities, the contributions also show an extensive overlap in the methodology and in the analytical and numerical tools involved in tackling these diverse research fields that are the forefront of modern science.
Panel Reports New Worlds New Horizons In Astronomy And Astrophysics
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-05-18
Panel Reports New Worlds New Horizons In Astronomy And Astrophysics written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-18 with Science categories.
Every 10 years the National Research Council releases a survey of astronomy and astrophysics outlining priorities for the coming decade. The most recent survey, titled New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics, provides overall priorities and recommendations for the field as a whole based on a broad and comprehensive examination of scientific opportunities, infrastructure, and organization in a national and international context. Panel Reportsâ€"New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics is a collection of reports, each of which addresses a key sub-area of the field, prepared by specialists in that subarea, and each of which played an important role in setting overall priorities for the field. The collection, published in a single volume, includes the reports of the following panels: Cosmology and Fundamental Physics Galaxies Across Cosmic Time The Galactic Neighborhood Stars and Stellar Evolution Planetary Systems and Star Formation Electromagnetic Observations from Space Optical and Infrared Astronomy from the Ground Particle Astrophysics and Gravitation Radio, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Astronomy from the Ground The Committee for a Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics synthesized these reports in the preparation of its prioritized recommendations for the field as a whole. These reports provide additional depth and detail in each of their respective areas. Taken together, they form an essential companion volume to New Worlds, New Horizons: A Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics. The book of panel reports will be useful to managers of programs of research in the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the Congressional committees with jurisdiction over the agencies supporting this research, the scientific community, and the public.
New Horizons For Observational Cosmology
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Author : A. Cooray
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2015-01-06
New Horizons For Observational Cosmology written by A. Cooray and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-06 with Science categories.
Our understanding of the universe has been revolutionized by observations of the cosmic microwave background, the large-scale structure of the universe, and distant supernovae. These studies have shown that we are living in a strange universe: 96% of the present day energy density of the universe is dominated by so-called dark matter and dark energy. But we still do not know what dark matter and dark energy actually are. This book presents lectures from the 186th Course in the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics entitled New Horizons for Observational Cosmology, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2013. Topics covered at this school included: cosmic microwave background anisotropies; galaxy clustering; weak lensing; dark energy; dark matter; inflation; modified gravity; neutrino physics; reionization; galaxy formation; and first stars. The anticipated release of Planck data at the end of 2014 will provide a more complete view of temperature anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background, and the reporting of other important results is also expected soon. These new data will undoubtedly address fundamental questions about the universe. This book prepares the ground for future work which may answer some of these exciting questions.
Old Problems And New Horizons In World Physics
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Author : Volodymyr Krasnoholovets
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2019
Old Problems And New Horizons In World Physics written by Volodymyr Krasnoholovets and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Science categories.
Written by 13 contributors from different regions of the World, this book is a collection of papers written by researchers who have been working toward defining new concepts in the sciences for years. Among the new approaches, new views have been developed based on the emerging mathematical principles, the observation of possible relationships between physical processes, and ideas inspired by firsthand experience penetrating elusive realms. In the frame of the new explanatory theoretic models, matter and energy may be different characteristics of a physical system and "equivalence" between matter and energy becomes not so obvious. Quantum Mechanics was developed based on the assumption that electron mass is constant. Variable electron mass automatically rules out the entirety of quantum mechanics. Electron mass can change during chemical and biological processes and then other characteristics modify correspondingly. It is accepted that the Special Theory of Relativity (STR) does not contradict quantum mechanics, but in reality, the opposite is true. Even for a non-rocket scientist, this contradiction becomes evident with the simplest analysis of energy mass and energy equivalence formula. In simple words, the formula assumes that if energy is quantized, mass must be quantized too. How do atomic particles know how much mass to convert into energy and keep the same proportion in the conversion? Maybe one proton or one neutron converts more mass than his neighbor does! If protons and neutrons can be fragmented and divided using the MeV energy order, then why do we need CERN or other large nuclear facilities?Contributors of this volume:* George Shpenkov. Institute of Mathematics & Physics, UTA, Bydgoszcz, Poland.* Leonid Kreidik. Minsk, Belarus.* Volodymyr Krasnoholovets. Senior Research Scientist, Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine. * Victor Christianto. Malang Institute of Agriculture (IPM), Indonesia.* Florentin Smarandache. Chair of Mathematics and Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, USA. Gallup, New Mexico 87301, USA. * Robert Neil Boyd. Consulting physicist for Princeton Biotechnology Corporation, Dept. Information Physics Research.* Adrian Klein. Cognitive neuropsychology, PhD Metaphysical sciences, Parapsychological Association, ECAO, ISPE, IQN, AAPS, AAAS. Affiliation: ECAO Aff., Israel.* Akira Kanda. Professor of Mathematics and Logic. Omega Mathematical Institute. * Mihai Prunescu. University of Bucharest. * Renata Wong. Nanjing University, China.* Arnold Gorgels. Mathematical Physics, Institute in Potsdam, Member DPG, Germany* Ying-Qiu Gu. School of Mathematical Science, Fudan University, China.
Fundamentals Of Cosmic Particle Physics
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Author : Maxim Khlopov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-03-09
Fundamentals Of Cosmic Particle Physics written by Maxim Khlopov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-09 with Science categories.
This current updated and expanded text reflects the large number of scientific advances, both theoretically and experimentally, within the discipline of cosmoparticle physics in the last 10 years. Some of the topics that have been added, updated include but are not limited to; HND or CMD+HND scenarios being implemented into sterile neutrino scenarios, the ramifications of extending the forms of dark matter with respect to our view of neutrinos, the origin of baryon matter and the need for non-baryonic matter in current theories, problems the existence of dark matters raises with respect to cosmoparticle physics and the relationship with (meta) stable (super) weakly interacting particles predicted by the extension of the standard model, restrictions on baryon and lepton photons, as well as problems associated with cosmological expansion just to name a few. These and many other topics are readdressed in light of recent both experimental and theoretical developments. Other areas of that will be of interest to the reader include the puzzles presented by direct and indirect effects of dark matter (e.g, results of experiments such as DAMA/NaI, DAMA/LIBRA and PAMELA) may lead to nontrivial new solutions for the problem of its nature, like the existence of new stable families of quarks and leptons and composite dark matter scenario. The present work will be of interest to any researcher interested in this fascinating field dealing with fundamental interactions of the micro- and macroworld.
Toe New Physics Explaining Our World By Quantum Gravity
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Author : Claus Birkholz
language : en
Publisher: BookRix
Release Date : 2016-01-08
Toe New Physics Explaining Our World By Quantum Gravity written by Claus Birkholz and has been published by BookRix this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-08 with Science categories.
Space, time, matter - what really is all that? What are charges, what flavours? What is preventing time from running backwards? Quantum Gravity is describing all that - consisely, comprehensively, to the point. The Grand Unified Theory (GUT = ToE = "Theory of Everything"), finally, is caring for the rest by relating all forces of nature to each other. Parities are the peep-holes into strange worlds before the Big Bang and beyond the event horizon. Everything is calculable, even the transitions there. By working out the value of the fine-structure constant, theory opens to recognizing Dark Matter as the cradle of visible matter; the GUT is demonstrating birth and properties of ordinary matter out of Dark Matter and by what its creation process is stopped again. A totally novel assessment is arising with respect to neutrino oscillations. Pauli's principle explains physically. Einstein's cosmological constant is demystified. Dark Energy, cosmic inflation, the number of dimensions we are living in are not any more dully accepted from outside - theory is deriving all that. As a matter of fact, the gateway to developing Quantum Gravity has been widely open since Einstein, Planck, and Dirac. Only, nobody has passed its threshold; nuclear fission had changed priorities. Then, Gell-Mann had knocked at the door of the GUT. This time, however, it was the "Standard" model to crash the door back into its frame, and the string model sealed the lock. - Meanwhile, the model succeeded in smuggling into the open underneath the feet of its jailers, ready for being applied more extensively.
New Worlds New Horizons
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-10-24
New Worlds New Horizons written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-24 with Science categories.
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics (NWNH), the report of the 2010 decadal survey of astronomy and astrophysics, put forward a vision for a decade of transformative exploration at the frontiers of astrophysics. This vision included mapping the first stars and galaxies as they emerge from the collapse of dark matter and cold clumps of hydrogen, finding new worlds in a startlingly diverse population of extrasolar planets, and exploiting the vastness and extreme conditions of the universe to reveal new information about the fundamental laws of nature. NWNH outlined a compelling program for understanding the cosmic order and for opening new fields of inquiry through the discovery areas of gravitational waves, time-domain astronomy, and habitable planets. Many of these discoveries are likely to be enabled by cyber-discovery and the power of mathematics, physics, and imagination. To help realize this vision, NWNH recommended a suite of innovative and powerful facilities, along with balanced, strong support for the scientific community engaged in theory, data analysis, technology development, and measurements with existing and new instrumentation. Already in the first half of the decade, scientists and teams of scientists working with these cutting-edge instruments and with new capabilities in data collection and analysis have made spectacular discoveries that advance the NWNH vision. New Worlds, New Horizons: A Midterm Assessment reviews the responses of NASA's Astrophysics program, NSF's Astronomy program, and DOE's Cosmic Frontiers program to NWNH. This report describes the most significant scientific discoveries, technical advances, and relevant programmatic changes in astronomy and astrophysics over the years since the publication of the decadal survey, and assesses how well the Agencies' programs address the strategies, goals, and priorities outlined in the 2010 decadal survey.
Flow Of Time
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Author : Claus Birkholz
language : en
Publisher: BookRix
Release Date : 2014-12-02
Flow Of Time written by Claus Birkholz and has been published by BookRix this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-02 with Science categories.
Apply yesterday's variation principle to Gell-Mann's quarks, pepper it with the inconsistencies of unfounded ad-hoc tactics - and there you are with grandpa's classical "Standard" model having no strategy, no future, topped only by "string" fantasies "beyond" physics, with all the great questions left open. By marrying Planck's quanta with Einstein's General Relativity, the author is presenting the unified top-down model of a consistent "New Physics" (Quantum Gravity, including the Grand Unification) free of singularities and in accord with experiment. Space-time is bent, fully quantized and "background-independent". Old problems of fundamental physics emerge as self-explaining: 4-dimensionality, the quark confinement, flavours, cosmic inflation, the arrow of time, the physics of Black Holes with their event horizons, the origins of (ordinary and dark) matter, and much more is dropping out as self-evident properties of nature. Future starts to-day. Come along on the journey! The amazing success of "New Physics"/"Neue Physik" (with almost 10.000 copies sold in a single year) gave rise to this extended, 2nd edition renamed "Flow of Time". Main target groups: Students, physicists, mathematicians, but also people interested in philosophy or with an inclination to leave the beaten dead-end tracks of actual fundamental models of the old style in favour of more promising, novel ways.
New Worlds New Horizons In Astronomy And Astrophysics
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-01-04
New Worlds New Horizons In Astronomy And Astrophysics written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-04 with Science categories.
Driven by discoveries, and enabled by leaps in technology and imagination, our understanding of the universe has changed dramatically during the course of the last few decades. The fields of astronomy and astrophysics are making new connections to physics, chemistry, biology, and computer science. Based on a broad and comprehensive survey of scientific opportunities, infrastructure, and organization in a national and international context, New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics outlines a plan for ground- and space- based astronomy and astrophysics for the decade of the 2010's. Realizing these scientific opportunities is contingent upon maintaining and strengthening the foundations of the research enterprise including technological development, theory, computation and data handling, laboratory experiments, and human resources. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics proposes enhancing innovative but moderate-cost programs in space and on the ground that will enable the community to respond rapidly and flexibly to new scientific discoveries. The book recommends beginning construction on survey telescopes in space and on the ground to investigate the nature of dark energy, as well as the next generation of large ground-based giant optical telescopes and a new class of space-based gravitational observatory to observe the merging of distant black holes and precisely test theories of gravity. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics recommends a balanced and executable program that will support research surrounding the most profound questions about the cosmos. The discoveries ahead will facilitate the search for habitable planets, shed light on dark energy and dark matter, and aid our understanding of the history of the universe and how the earliest stars and galaxies formed. The book is a useful resource for agencies supporting the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the Congressional committees with jurisdiction over those agencies, the scientific community, and the public.
Young And Dirac The Prophets Of New Physics
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Author : Claus Birkholz
language : en
Publisher: tredition
Release Date : 2019-09-18
Young And Dirac The Prophets Of New Physics written by Claus Birkholz and has been published by tredition this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-18 with Science categories.
A critical review of the »Standard« Models. A characteristic of New Physics is its hierarchic organisation in powers of 8 dimensions (Matryoshka principle) and its split into 2 channels. According to Bell, this enables the coexistence of causality with entanglement, shows how visible matter with its non-valence parts condensed out of dark matter, explains the quark confinement and the asymptotic flatness of Eternal Inflation. The world formula unifies all forces of nature to a Grand Unified Theory and this GUT is combined with quantum gravity into a Theory of Everything (ToE). By reproducing the correct value of the fine-structure con-stant, weak interactions are shown to be a dipole effect. A novel segregation between micro- and macrocosm explains the measuring process and the irreversibility of time. It demonstrates the logic gaps in Einstein's General Relativity by quan-tising his curvilinear geometry (including virtual states, dark energy, etc.) thus generating a consistent black-hole physics without singularities. For all that, A. Young and P. Dirac had provided the mathematical basics, while classical physics and Einstein had gone on isolating themselves in self-made deadlocks.