New Insights Into Adult Neurogenesis And Neurodegeneration Challenges For Brain Repair
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New Insights Into Adult Neurogenesis And Neurodegeneration Challenges For Brain Repair
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Author : Jose Angel Morales-Garcia
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-04-04
New Insights Into Adult Neurogenesis And Neurodegeneration Challenges For Brain Repair written by Jose Angel Morales-Garcia and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-04 with Science categories.
Postnatal And Adult Neurogenesis
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Author : Luca Bonfanti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Postnatal And Adult Neurogenesis written by Luca Bonfanti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
The fact that the mammalian central nervous system is mostly made up of perennial elements accounting for its well known uncapability to undergo physiological cell renewal and post-lesion repair has represented a dogma for most of the XXth century. Yet, research carried out starting from the sixties in a rather sceptic milieu, and exponentially expanded at the beginning of the nineties with the definitive demonstration that neurogenesis actually takes place in the adult brain and that it is sustained by neural stem cells, opened a new, challenging field in neuroscience. In the last fifteen years, such a field has been tackled by interdisciplinary approaches thus spreading into several ramifications, often referred either more generally to as developmental neurobiology and structural plasticity , or more specifically to as adult neurogenesis . The aims of these studies have become more focused in a wide range of topics, spanning from the detailed morphological/molecular analysis of neurogenic sites to the migration/specification/integration of newlyborn cell precursors into neuronal circuits; from the in vivo identification of cell types and their functional relationships within the neural stem cell niches to the in vitro isolation and characterization of neural stem cells in the perspective of brain repair. In the last few years, in spite of a huge amount of information gathered around the issue of neurogenesis, new elements of complexity have arisen, thus leaving open many questions. It is now clear that persistent neurogenesis do not faithfully reproduce embryonic developmental processes. Indeed, postnatal changes involving the structure/function of neurogenic sites and the neural stem cell niches contained herein, do occur in order to adapt to the mature nervous tissue. The recent finding that adult neural stem cells share a glial identity and directly derive from radial glia raises questions concerning the neuronal-glial relationships across pre- and post-natal development. The progeny of neuronal precursors must integrate into already established neural circuits, whose features change according to the pre- and post-natal developmental stages. In addition, the fact that neural stem cells isolated in vitro prevalently differentiate into astrocytes, whereas in vivo they produce mainly neurons, highlights the importance of epigenetic signals. Finally, substantial data recently obtained under a comparative profile reveal that persistent neurogenesis, although being a well preserved trait, shows remarkable differences among species and, possibly, interesting evolutionary adaptations. The comparative approach, both among mammals and among vertebrates, further reveals new elements of complexity linked to the different growth rates and lifespans. Yet, although introducing new questions about postnatal and adult stages in different species, this approach could provide insights as concerns the functional significance of persistent neurogenesis. Thus, 50 years after the first evidence that new neurons can be generated and added to a mature brain, the actual meaning of such a phenomenon in brain physiology as well as its usefulness in brain repair remain a matter of debate. We learned that neurogenesis can persist in restricted brain sites, whereby it undergoes complex cell/molecular regulation, whereas in the rest of the nervous system it remains as a potentiality. Hence, a better knowledge of the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying these processes should be attained to understand if and how endogenous neurogenesis can be exploited/modulated in the perspective of brain healing. This book, other than providing an overview of the state of the art in the field of postnatal and adult neurogenesis, tries to update our present knowledge about the postnatal changes of neurogenic processes and to place them in the context of a comparative vision. The attainment of this goal has been possible thanks to the contribution of many young scientists from different corners of the world, who have built their experience in neurogenesis during the last decade.
Aging And Health
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Author : Anatoli I. Yashin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Aging And Health written by Anatoli I. Yashin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Medical categories.
Aging is a major risk factor for chronic diseases, which in turn can provide information about the aging of a biological system. This publication serves as an introduction to systems biology and its application to biological aging. Key pathways and processes that impinge on aging are reviewed, and how they contribute to health and disease during aging is discussed. The evolution of this situation is analyzed, and the consequences for the study of genetic effects on aging are presented. Epigenetic programming of aging, as a continuation of development, creates an interface between the genome and the environment. New research into the gut microbiome describes how this interface may operate in practice with marked consequences for a variety of disorders. This analysis is bolstered by a view of the aging organism as a whole, with conclusions about the mechanisms underlying resilience of the organism to change, and is expanded with a discussion of circadian rhythms in aging. Finally, the book presents an outlook for the development of interventions to delay or to reverse the features of aging. The publication is recommended to students, researchers as well as professionals dealing with public health and public policy related to an aging society.
Adult Neurogenesis
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Author : Gerd Kempermann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2006
Adult Neurogenesis written by Gerd Kempermann and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Adulthood categories.
The discovery of adult neurogenesis and of stem cells in the brain has changed our view of the mature brain. Though we now know that the adult brain can make new neurons, it normally does so only in two privileged regions, the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus. Yet stem cells, which have the potential to produce new neurons, can be found throughout the adult brain. So why does the brain not make wider use of its potential for neurogenesis? And what is the function of new neurons and of neural stem cells in areas where they occur? After all, the brain regenerates poorly and many neurological and psychiatric disorders are chronic because cell replacement has not taken place. This is the first comprehensive, integrated account of one of the most exciting areas of neuroscience. It begins with the historical background and discusses theories of adult neurogenesis and neural stem cell biology in the context of learning and memory processes as well as structural plasticity. It describes in detail neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus and olfactory system and then surveys the regulatory, functional, and comparative aspects, concluding with a chapter on the provocative hypotheses that link failing adult neurogenesis with such diseases as temporal lobe epilepsy, major depression, brain tumors, and dementias. For graduate students, investigators, and clinicians in the neurosciences, developmental biology, and stem cell research, this book is a unique resource that sifts through the evidence for exciting scientific ideas and fosters a realistic view of the therapeutic possibilities for the use of stem cells in the adult brain.
Brain Repair After Stroke
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Author : Steven C. Cramer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-10-28
Brain Repair After Stroke written by Steven C. Cramer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-28 with Medical categories.
Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.
Neurogenesis And Neural Plasticity
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Author : Catherine Belzung
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-07-08
Neurogenesis And Neural Plasticity written by Catherine Belzung and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-08 with Medical categories.
This volume brings together authors working on a wide range of topics to provide an up to date account of the underlying mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the adult brain. With an increasing understanding of the role of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis it is possible to envisage improvements or novel treatments for a number of diseases and the possibility of harnessing these phenomena to reduce the impact of ageing and to provide mechanisms to repair the brain.
Conn S Translational Neuroscience
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Author : P. Michael Conn
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-09-28
Conn S Translational Neuroscience written by P. Michael Conn and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-28 with Medical categories.
Conn’s Translational Neuroscience provides a comprehensive overview reflecting the depth and breadth of the field of translational neuroscience, with input from a distinguished panel of basic and clinical investigators. Progress has continued in understanding the brain at the molecular, anatomic, and physiological levels in the years following the 'Decade of the Brain,' with the results providing insight into the underlying basis of many neurological disease processes. This book alternates scientific and clinical chapters that explain the basic science underlying neurological processes and then relates that science to the understanding of neurological disorders and their treatment. Chapters cover disorders of the spinal cord, neuronal migration, the autonomic nervous system, the limbic system, ocular motility, and the basal ganglia, as well as demyelinating disorders, stroke, dementia and abnormalities of cognition, congenital chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, Parkinson's disease, nerve trauma, peripheral neuropathy, aphasias, sleep disorders, and myasthenia gravis. In addition to concise summaries of the most recent biochemical, physiological, anatomical, and behavioral advances, the chapters summarize current findings on neuronal gene expression and protein synthesis at the molecular level. Authoritative and comprehensive, Conn’s Translational Neuroscience provides a fully up-to-date and readily accessible guide to brain functions at the cellular and molecular level, as well as a clear demonstration of their emerging diagnostic and therapeutic importance. Provides a fully up-to-date and readily accessible guide to brain functions at the cellular and molecular level, while also clearly demonstrating their emerging diagnostic and therapeutic importance Features contributions from leading global basic and clinical investigators in the field Provides a great resource for researchers and practitioners interested in the basic science underlying neurological processes Relates and translates the current science to the understanding of neurological disorders and their treatment
Perspectives In Zebrafish Research
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Author : Maria Caterina Mione
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-04-22
Perspectives In Zebrafish Research written by Maria Caterina Mione and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-22 with categories.
In the past decade, a small tropical vertebrate fish, zebrafish, has rapidly gained the interest of research laboratories worldwide as a model system. This topic will provide updated perspectives on all fields of zebrafish research from experts gathering at the 5th Zebrafish Principal Investigators Meeting in Trento, 20-23 March 2018. The community of researchers using zebrafish is rapidly expanding, necessitating a clear plan for how to tackle central questions that remain a challenge in the field and providing inspiration for future studies. This is the aim of the workshop and the Frontiers Research Topic will provide a platform for dissemination of novel ideas arising from this meeting.
Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Author : Uday Kishore
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2013-05-15
Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Uday Kishore and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-15 with Medical categories.
This book highlights the pathophysiological complexities of the mechanisms and factors that are likely to be involved in a range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, other Dementia, Parkinson Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis. The spectrum of diverse factors involved in neurodegeneration, such as protein aggregation, oxidative stress, caspases and secretase, regulators, cholesterol, zinc, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, etc, have been discussed in the context of disease progression. In addition, novel approaches to therapeutic interventions have also been presented. It is hoped that students, scientists and clinicians shall find this very informative book immensely useful and thought-provoking.
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
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Author : MallIck/Inoue
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1999-06-29
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep written by MallIck/Inoue and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-06-29 with Science categories.
This reference also includes nine color plates. Written by leading international scientists in the field, this comprehensive and up-to-date reference provides detailed coverage of various aspects of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS)-including phylogeny and evolution, ontogeny, neurophysiological and neurochemical phenomena, molecular processes, behavioral and physiological changes due to deprivation, and hypotheses on the neurodynamics of REMS. Examining the relationship between the neocortex in mammals and birds in the evolution of REM sleep, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep considers the roles of REMS in the maturation of the brain reveals a new theory that challenges the assumption that REM is solely initiated by bulbar mechanisms in intact animals explores experimental studies of REMS atonia and the mechanisms underlying tonic and phasic muscle atonia describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms and function of pontine ponto-geniculo-occipatal waves during REMS details the role of nitric oxide in the regulation of REMS summarizes new evidence on which neurotransmitters are responsible for the REMS generating mechanism presents an overview of several endogenous sleep substances that may positively or negatively regulate REMS and more. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep serves as essential reading for all researchers and clinicians in the study of sleep science, particularly physiologists and biologists; neurologists, neuropsychiatrists, psychiatrists, and psychologists; anesethiologists; and pharmacologists.