New Paradigm Psychology Of Reasoning
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New Paradigm Psychology Of Reasoning
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Author : Shira Elqayam
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-02-02
New Paradigm Psychology Of Reasoning written by Shira Elqayam and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-02 with Psychology categories.
In recent years the psychology of reasoning has undergone radical change, which can only be seen as a Kuhn-style scientific revolution. This shift has been dubbed ‘New Paradigm’. For years, psychologists of reasoning focused on binary truth values and regarded the influence of belief as a bias. In contrast to this, the new paradigm puts probabilities, and subjective degrees of belief, centre stage. It also emphasises subjective psychological value, or utility; the way we reason within our own social environment (‘social pragmatics’); and the crucial role of dual process theories. Such theories distinguish between fast, intuitive processes, and effortful processes which enable hypothetical thinking. The new paradigm aims to integrate the psychology of reasoning with the study of judgement and decision making, leading to a much more unified field of higher mental processing. This collection showcases these recent developments, with chapters on topics such as the difference between deduction and induction, a Bayesian formulation of faint praise, the role of emotion in reasoning, and the relevance of psychology of reasoning to moral judgement. This book was originally published as a special issue of Thinking & Reasoning.
Thinking And Reasoning
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Author : Ken Manktelow
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2012-02-13
Thinking And Reasoning written by Ken Manktelow and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-13 with Psychology categories.
The area of psychological research reviewed in this book is one that is not only increasing in popularity in college curricula, but is also making an ever larger impact on the world outside the classroom. Drawing upon research originally cited in Ken Manktelow’s highly successful publication Reasoning and Thinking, this completely rewritten textbook reflects on the revolutionary changes that have occurred in the field in recent years, stemming from the huge expansion in research output, as well as new methods and explanations, and the appearance of numerous books on the subject aimed at the popular market. The main areas covered are probability judgment, deductive and inductive reasoning, decision making, hypothetical thinking and rationality. In each case, the material is almost entirely new, with topics such as the new paradigm in reasoning research, causal reasoning and counterfactual thinking appearing for the first time. The book also presents an extended treatment of decision making research, and contains a chapter on individual and cultural influences on thinking. Thinking and Reasoning provides a detailed, integrated and approachable treatment of this area of cognitive psychology, and is ideal reading for intermediate and advanced undergraduate students; indeed, for anyone interested in how we draw conclusions and make choices.
Reasoning Rationality And Dual Processes
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Author : Jonathan St B.T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-10-30
Reasoning Rationality And Dual Processes written by Jonathan St B.T. Evans and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-30 with Psychology categories.
In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major theoretical and practical contributions. Jonathan St B T Evans is amongst the foremost cognitive psychologists of his generation, having been influential in spearheading developments in the psychological study of reasoning from its very beginnings in the 1970s up to the present day. This volume of self-selected papers recognises Professor Evan’s major contribution to the psychological study of thinking and reasoning by bringing together his most influential and important works. Early selections in the book focus upon experimental studies of reasoning - matching bias in the Wason selection task, belief bias in syllogistic reasoning, and also seminal work on the understanding of conditional statements. The later selections include Evans’ work on more general forms of dual process and dual system theory, and his recent account of two minds in one brain. The volume also contains chapters which highlight Evans’ contribution to the topic of human rationality, and also his influence on the development of the "new paradigm" in the psychology of reasoning. The key developments in the psychology of reasoning are paralleled by those in Evans’s own intellectual history, and the book will therefore make essential reading for all researchers in the psychology of reasoning, and a wider audience of graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with an interest in reasoning and/or dual process theory.
International Handbook Of Thinking And Reasoning
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Author : Linden J. Ball
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-14
International Handbook Of Thinking And Reasoning written by Linden J. Ball and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is an authoritative reference work providing a balanced overview of current scholarship spanning the full breadth of the rapidly developing and expanding field of thinking and reasoning. It contains 35 chapters written by leading international researchers, covering foundational issues as well as state-of-the-art developments in thinking and reasoning research. Topics covered range across all sub-areas of thinking and reasoning, including deduction, induction, abduction, judgment, decision making, argumentation, problem solving, expertise, creativity and rationality. The contributors engage with cutting-edge debates such as the status of dual-process theories of thinking, the role of unconscious, intuitive, emotional and metacognitive processes in thinking, and the importance of probabilistic conceptualisations of thinking and reasoning. Authors also examine the importance of neuroscientific findings in informing theoretical developments, and explore the situated nature of thinking and reasoning across a range of real-world contexts such as mathematics, medicine and science. The Handbook provides a clear sense of the way in which contemporary ideas are challenging traditional viewpoints as "new paradigm of the psychology of reasoning" emerges. This paradigm-shifting research is paving the way toward a richer and more inclusive understanding of thinking and reasoning, where important new questions drive a forward-looking research agenda. It is essential reading for both established researchers in the field of thinking and reasoning as well as advanced students wishing to learn more about both the historical foundations and latest developments in this rapidly growing field.
Logic And Uncertainty In The Human Mind
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Author : Shira Elqayam
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-06-10
Logic And Uncertainty In The Human Mind written by Shira Elqayam and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-10 with Psychology categories.
David E. Over is a leading cognitive scientist and, with his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he also exerts a powerful influence on the psychology of reasoning. He is responsible for not only a large body of empirical work and accompanying theory, but for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the ‘new paradigm’ in the psychology of human reasoning. Over’s signature mix of philosophical logic and experimental psychology has inspired generations of researchers, psychologists, and philosophers alike over more than a quarter of a century. The chapters in this volume, written by a leading group of contributors including a number who helped shape the psychology of reasoning as we know it today, each take their starting point from the key themes of Over’s ground-breaking work. The essays in this collection explore a wide range of central topics—such as rationality, bias, dual processes, and dual systems—as well as contemporary psychological and philosophical theories of conditionals. It concludes with an engaging new chapter, authored by David E. Over himself, which details and analyses the new paradigm psychology of reasoning. This book is therefore important reading for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in psychology, philosophy, and the cognitive sciences, including those who are not familiar with Over’s thought already.
New Approaches In Reasoning Research
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Author : Wim De Neys
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-11-20
New Approaches In Reasoning Research written by Wim De Neys and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-20 with Psychology categories.
Reasoning research has long been associated with paper and pencil tasks in which peoples’ reasoning skills are judged against established normative conventions. However, there has been a recent revolution in the range of techniques, empirical methods and paradigms used to examine reasoning behaviour. New Approaches in Reasoning Research brings to the fore these new pioneering research methods and empirical findings. Each chapter is written by a world-leading expert in the field and covers a variety of broad empirical techniques and new approaches to reasoning research. Maintaining a high level of integrity and rigor throughout, Editors De Neys and Osman have allowed the experts included here the space to think big about the general issues concerning their work, to point out potential implications and speculate on further developments. Such freedom can only help to stimulate discussion and spark creative thinking. The use of these new methods and paradigms are already generating a new understanding of how we reason, as such this book should appeal to researchers and students of Cognitive Psychology, Social Psychology, and Neuroscience along with Cognitive Scientists, and anyone interested in the latest developments in reasoning, rationality, bias, and thinking.
Human Reasoning
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Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1993
Human Reasoning written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Psychology categories.
Seductive reasoning is widely regarded as an activity central to human intelligence, and as such has attracted a large amount of psychological study. In this book, the authors provide a detailed and balanced review of all the main kinds
The Reasoning Brain The Interplay Between Cognitive Neuroscience And Theories Of Reasoning
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Author : Vinod Goel
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-04-03
The Reasoning Brain The Interplay Between Cognitive Neuroscience And Theories Of Reasoning written by Vinod Goel and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-03 with Electronic book categories.
Despite the centrality of rationality to our identity as a species (let alone the scientific endeavour), and the fact that it has been studied for several millennia, the present state of our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying logical reasoning remains highly fragmented. For example, a recent review concluded that none of the extant (12!) theories provide an adequate account (Khemlani & Johnson- Laird, 2011), while other authors argue that we are on the brink of a paradigm change, where the old binary logic framework will be washed away and replaced by more modern (and correct) probabilistic and Bayesian approaches (see for example Elqayam & Over, 2012; Oaksford & Chater, 2009; Over, 2009). Over the past 15 years neuroscience brain imaging techniques and patient studies have been used to map out the functional neuroanatomy of reasoning processes. The aim of this research topic is to discuss whether this line of research has facilitated, hindered, or has been largely irrelevant for understanding of reasoning processes. The answer is neither obvious nor uncontroversial. We would like to engage both the cognitive and the neuroscience community in this discussion. Some of the questions of interest are: How have the data generated by the patient and neuroimaging studies: • influenced our thinking about modularity of deductive reasoning • impacted the debate between mental logic theory, mental model theory and the dual mechanism accounts • affected our thinking about dual mechanism theories • informed discussion of the relationship between induction and deduction • illuminated the relationship between language, visual spatial processing and reasoning • affected our thinking about the unity of deductive reasoning processes Have any of the cognitive theories of reasoning helped us explain deficits in certain patient populations? Do certain theories do a better job of this than others? Is there any value to localizing cognitive processes and identifying dissociations (for reasoning and other cognitive processes)? What challenges have neuroimaging data raised for cognitive theories of reasoning? How can cognitive theory inform interpretation of patient data or neuroimaging data? How can patient data or neuroimaging data best inform cognitive theory? This list of questions is not exhaustive. Manuscripts addressing other related questions are welcome. We are interested in hearing from skeptics, agnostics and believers, and welcome original research contributions as well as reviews, methods, hypothesis & theory papers that contribute to the discussion of the current state of our knowledge of how neuroscience is (or is not) helping us to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying logical reasoning processes. References Elqayam, S., & Over, D. E. (2012). Probabilities, beliefs, and dual processing: the paradigm shift in the psychology of reasoning. Mind & Society, 11(1), 27–40. doi:10.1007/s11299-012-0102-4 Khemlani, S. S., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2011). Theories of the syllogism: A meta-analysis, (571). Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (2009). Précis of bayesian rationality: The probabilistic approach to human reasoning. The Behavioral and brain sciences, 32(1), 69–84; discussion 85–120. doi:10.1017/S0140525X09000284 Over, D. E. (2009). New paradigm psychology of reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning, 15(4), 431–438. doi:10.1080/13546780903266188
Thinking And Reasoning
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Author : K. I. Manktelow
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2012
Thinking And Reasoning written by K. I. Manktelow and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Psychology categories.
This completely rewritten textbook reflects on the revolutionary changes that have occurred in the field of Thinking and Reasoning in recent years.
Human Reasoning
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Author : David E Over
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2024-06-30
Human Reasoning written by David E Over and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-30 with Philosophy categories.
This Element is on new developments in the psychology of reasoning that raise or address philosophical questions. In traditional studies in the psychology of reasoning, the focus was on inference from arbitrary assumptions and not at all from beliefs, and classical binary logic was presupposed as the only standard for human reasoning. But recently a new Bayesian paradigm has emerged in the discipline. This views ordinary human reasoning as mostly inferring probabilistic conclusions from degrees of beliefs, or from hypothetical premises relevant to a purpose at hand, and as often about revising or updating degrees of belief. This Element also covers new formulations of dual-process theories of the mind, stating that there are two types of mental processing, one rapid and intuitive and shared with other animals, and the other slow and reflective and more characteristic of human beings. The final topic covered is the new developments and rationality.