Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Plants
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Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Plants
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Author : Vanitha Jain
language : en
Publisher: New India Publishing Agency
Release Date : 2011-01-01
Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Plants written by Vanitha Jain and has been published by New India Publishing Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Crops categories.
Nitrogen fertilizers are necessary to enhance agricultural production and to sustain food security. However, their inefficient use accrues from inherent limitations of the crop plants as well as the manner in which N fertilizers are formulated, applied and managed. The main aim of the book is to assess the various aspects of the fate of fertilizer N in context of the overall N inputs to agricultural systems, with a view to enhance the efficiency of nitrogen use and reduce the negative impacts on environment. The cross cutting issues relate to improvement in nitrogen use by emerging technologies (genetic enhancement, QTL mapping), meeting N needs by understanding its interactions with other nutrients, and mitigation of nitrogen losses caused by environmental factors and management practices. Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants develops links between basic and applied research and practical crop production by addressing a wide range of topics relating to nitrogen use efficiency, and to plant and crop responses to applications of nitrogen via fertilizers, including nitrogen acquisition and reduction, molecular approaches, nitrate induction and signaling; and nitrogen use under abiotic stresses. Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants is an invaluable classroom aid for academics working in plant physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular breeding and agronomy, and an essential professional resource for researchers working in plant and crop systems as it provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of problems related to the efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture.
Nitrogen In Agriculture
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Author : A. E. Johnston
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Nitrogen In Agriculture written by A. E. Johnston and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Nitrogen fertilizers categories.
The increased use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agriculture in the last five decades is justified by the increased yield potential of the crops grown and the judicious use of agrochemicals to control weeds, pests and diseases to protect that potential. Nitrogen use-efficiency can be assessed in a number of ways, discussed here with examples, but is usually determined as percent recovery of added N in the harvested product when calculated by the difference method. Assessed in this way, N-use efficiency is frequently only about 50%. But N-use efficiency of applied N should include that taken up by roots to produce the above-ground plant, where N plays a vital role in photosynthesis, the fixation of carbon dioxide to produce sugars, and the root system, which takes up nutrients and water. The fate of this N after harvest is important, but the total amount in the crop should be included in any estimate of percent recovery of applied N. Within the plant-soil system, the soil microbial population competes with the plant for fertilizer N applied to increase plant growth. Hence any fertilizer N remaining in the soil should also be included in an estimate of the fate of applied N. The use of 15N-labelled fertilizer allows the fate of the applied N to be determined. At harvest up to 70%, and sometimes more than this, of the applied N can be accounted for in the above-ground crop and in the soil to 100 cm. The fate of the N which is not accounted for should be a major research topic.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Sustainable Nitrogen Management In Crop Plants
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Author : Nandula Raghuram
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-04-26
Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Sustainable Nitrogen Management In Crop Plants written by Nandula Raghuram and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-26 with Science categories.
Nitrogen In Agriculture
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Author : Khan Amanullah
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-02-01
Nitrogen In Agriculture written by Khan Amanullah and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-01 with Science categories.
Nitrogen is the most yield-restraining nutrient in crop production globally. Efficient nitrogen management is one of the most important factor for improving nitrogen use efficiency, field crops productivity and profitability. Efficient use of nitrogen for crop production is therefore very important for increasing grain yield, maximizing economic return and minimizing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from the fields and nitrate (NO3) leaching to ground water. Integrated nitrogen management is a good strategy to improve plant growth, increase yield and yield components, grain quality and reduce environmental problems. Integrated nitrogen management (combined use of chemical + organic + bio-fertilizers) in field crop production is more resilient to climate change.
Recent Advances On Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Crop Plants And Climatic Challenges
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Author : Hamada AbdElgawad
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-08-25
Recent Advances On Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Crop Plants And Climatic Challenges written by Hamada AbdElgawad and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-25 with Science categories.
Nitrogen (N) is a mineral nutrient that is essential for the normal growth and development of plants that is required in the highest quantity. It is an element of nucleic acids, proteins, and photosynthetic metabolites, therefore crucial for crop growth and metabolic processes. Recently, it was estimated that N fertilizers could meet the 48% demand of the world’s population. However, overuse and misuse of N fertilizers raised environmental concerns associated with N losses by nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, ammonia (NH3) volatilization, and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. For instance, NH3 is a pollutant in the atmosphere, N2O is a greenhouse gas that has a warming potential 298 times higher than CO2 and contributes to ozone depletion, and NO3− causes eutrophication of water bodies. Agricultural practices account for about 90% of NH3 and 70% of N2O anthropogenic emissions worldwide. The efficient use of N chemical fertilizers can be attained through cultural and agronomic practices. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is an important trait that has been studied for decades in different crops. The grain production or economic return from the per unit supply of N fertilizer simply explained the NUE. Several definitions were suggested by different researchers. NUE can be defined as the product of N uptake efficiency (NUpE) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE). An increase in NUE increases the yield, biomass, quality, and quantity of crops. N is generally applied as chemical fertilizer to the soil, whereas a small amount is added to some crops like grain legumes through the fixation process. On the other hand, crop plants take N through the root system in the form of nitrate or ammonium which is thereby used in different metabolic processes. A number of studies have been conducted to increase the NUE in different crops and it has been indicated that NUE can be improved by agronomic, physiological, biochemical, breeding as well as molecular approaches. Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient after carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen for the photosynthetic process, phyto-hormonal and proteomic changes, and the growth-development of plants to complete their lifecycle. Excessive and inefficient use of N fertilizer results in enhanced crop production costs and atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric nitrogen (71%) in the molecular form is not available for the plants. For the world's sustainable food production and atmospheric benefits, there is an urgent need to upgrade nitrogen use efficiency in the agricultural farming system. Nitrogen losses are too high, due to excess amount, low plant population, poor application methods, etc., which can go up to 70% of total available nitrogen. These losses can be minimized up to 15–30% by adopting improved agronomic approaches such as optimal dosage of nitrogen, application of N by using canopy sensors, maintaining plant population, drip fertigation, and legume-based intercropping. Therefore, the major concern of modern days is to save economic resources without sacrificing farm yield as well as the safety of the global environment, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions, ammonium volatilization, and nitrate leaching.
Engineering Nitrogen Utilization In Crop Plants
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Author : Ashok Shrawat
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-07-28
Engineering Nitrogen Utilization In Crop Plants written by Ashok Shrawat and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-28 with Science categories.
This book discusses and addresses the rapidly increasing world population demand for food, which is expected to double by 2050. To meet these demands farmers will need to improve crop productivity, which relies heavily on nitrogen (N) fertilization. Production of N fertilizers, however, consumes huge amounts of energy and the loss of excess N fertilizers to leaching results in the pollution of waterways and oceans. Therefore, increasing plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential to help farmers produce more while conserving the environment. This book assembles some of the best work of top researchers from academic and industrial institutions in the area of NUE and provides valuable insight to scholars and researchers by its comprehensive discussion of current and future strategies to improve NUE through genetic manipulation. This book should also be highly valuable to policy makers, environmentalists, farmers, biotechnology executives, and to the hard-core researchers working in the lab.
Enhancing The Efficiency Of Nitrogen Utilization In Plants
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Author : Sham S. Goyal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-08-22
Enhancing The Efficiency Of Nitrogen Utilization In Plants written by Sham S. Goyal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-22 with Science categories.
The latest advancements and innovations in regulating the nitrogen levels in your crops Enhancing the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants examines current research to present an overview of inorganic nitrogen uptake and metabolism in plant life and crop production. This comprehensive resource is divided into sections for quick and easy reference, focusing on physiology and adaptive mechanisms, molecular genetics, and applied aspects. The world’s leading experts in agronomy, crop science, and plant physiology analyze the most effective methods and management practices to ensure maximum plant growth and production. Enhancing the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants develops links between basic and applied research and practical crop production. This unique book addresses a wide range of topics that relate to nitrogen use efficiency, and to plant and crop responses to applications of nitrogen via fertilizers, including nitrogen acquisition and reduction; crop rotation; molecular approaches, genetics, and markers; balanced fertilization and controlled-release fertilizers; nitrogen decline, supply, and demand; crop breeding; radiation use; nutrient deficiency and toxicity; nitrate induction and signaling; nitrogen transport; and nitrogen use at the leaf and canopy level . Enhancing the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants examines: plant responses to changes in the supply of the two inorganic nitrogen sources of nitrate and ammonium root system control mechanisms of nitrogen uptake nitrate uptake and reduction in higher and lower plants how nitrogen affects biomass production in a canopy nitrogen’s effects on radiation interception and radiation use efficiency senescence and photosynthesis the regulation of nitrogen and carbon metabolisms by sugars and nitrogen metabolites integrated nitrogen fertilization the use of legumes for soil improvement root system control mechanisms fertility and crop nutrient demand chemical and biological processes that influence nitrogen transformation or loss the use of simulation models to measure water and nutrient transport in soils and much more Enhancing the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants is an invaluable classroom aid for academics working in plant physiology and agronomy, and an essential professional resource for researchers working in plant and crop production.
Nutrient Use Efficiency In Plants
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Author : Malcolm J. Hawkesford
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-11-14
Nutrient Use Efficiency In Plants written by Malcolm J. Hawkesford and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-14 with Science categories.
Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants: Concepts and Approaches is the ninth volume in the Plant Ecophysiology series. It presents a broad overview of topics related to improvement of nutrient use efficiency of crops. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a measure of how well plants use the available mineral nutrients. It can be defined as yield (biomass) per unit input (fertilizer, nutrient content). NUE is a complex trait: it depends on the ability to take up the nutrients from the soil, but also on transport, storage, mobilization, usage within the plant, and even on the environment. NUE is of particular interest as a major target for crop improvement. Improvement of NUE is an essential pre-requisite for expansion of crop production into marginal lands with low nutrient availability but also a way to reduce use of inorganic fertilizer.
Biotechnological Approaches To Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Plants Focus On Plant Molecular Biology 2
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Author : Jaiwal Pawan K.
language : en
Publisher: Studium Press
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Biotechnological Approaches To Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Plants Focus On Plant Molecular Biology 2 written by Jaiwal Pawan K. and has been published by Studium Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Nitrogen categories.
Nitrogen In Agriculture
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Author : Takuji Ohyama
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-09-29
Nitrogen In Agriculture written by Takuji Ohyama and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nitrogen is the most important nutrient in agricultural practice because the availability of nitrogen from the soil is generally not enough to support crop yields. To maintain soil fertility, the application of organic matters and crop rotation have been practiced. Farmers can use convenient chemical nitrogen fertilizers to obtain high crop yields. However, the inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental problems such as nitrate leaching, contamination in groundwater, and the emission of N2O gas. This book is divided into the following four sections: “Ecology and Environmental Aspects of Nitrogen in Agriculture”, “Nitrogen Fertilizers and Nitrogen Management in Agriculture”, “N Utilization and Metabolism in Crops”, “Plant-Microbe Interactions”.