Non Tariff Measures With Market Imperfections
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Non Tariff Measures With Market Imperfections
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Author : John C. Beghin
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2013-06-25
Non Tariff Measures With Market Imperfections written by John C. Beghin and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-25 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume provides a fresh and non-dogmatic examination of the emergence on nontariff measures (NTMs) and their impact on international trade and welfare, questioning the traditional premise that most NTMs are protectionist and reduce trade and welfare.
Nontariff Measures And International Trade
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Author : John Christopher Beghin
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Release Date : 2016-11-28
Nontariff Measures And International Trade written by John Christopher Beghin and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Nontariff Measures and International Trade includes 20 chapters authored by John Beghin and co-authors over the last 20 years on the economics of quality-standard like nontariff measures in the context of international trade. This book provides a coherent and comprehensive treatment of these nontariff measures, from their measurement to their effects on trade and welfare. In Part I, the authors use different perspectives to make the case that, unlike tariffs, quality-standard like nontariff measures are complex to measure and analyze and do not easily lead to general policy prescriptions. Then, Part II contains contributions on measurements of welfare and trade effects of nontariff measures, accounting for potential market imperfections. Part III presents chapters on the potential protectionism of nontariff measures when they are used to favor some economic agents over society. The last part presents cases studies of nontariff measures in different industries, markets, and countries.
Streamlining Non Tariff Measures
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Author : Olivier Cadot
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012-05-08
Streamlining Non Tariff Measures written by Olivier Cadot and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-08 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume is organized as follows. Chapter one discusses the newly revamped non-tariff measure (NTM) classification system, the data collection effort so far, and the key characteristics of the data. It also highlights the private-sector view that NTMs should support domestic firms' competitiveness across countries. Chapter two describes the analytics of an NTM review, step by step through the key questions, for example, is there a market failure, which market is affected, what are the costs of regulatory action vs. the risks of deregulation, and explains how to answer these questions and how to go about quantification when it is possible. Chapter three focuses on the institutional setup and key principles required to successfully pursue the streamlining of regulations. Since the mid-1990s, developed countries have introduced new regulatory approaches aimed at improving the quality of the decision-making process by enhancing both the analytical framework used by policy makers and the participation of interested parties in the regulatory process. Finally, chapters four and five provide practical examples of streamlining NTMs. Chapter four overviews selected experiences with tackling the trade regulatory agenda at both country and regional levels. Chapter five presents case studies on streamlining NTMs, including technical regulation and prohibition, particularly illustrating the analytics that may support the review process. Finally, NTM reviews should be seen as part of national competitiveness agendas rather than as concessions to trading partners. When NTMs are perceived by the domestic private sector as hampering access to key inputs, business regulatory reviews should naturally lead to NTM reviews. Joint use of the triangle of products will facilitate the adoption by governments of coherent national competitiveness strategies centered on the reduction of trade costs.
Macroeconomic Consequences Of Tariffs
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Author : Davide Furceri
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-01-15
Macroeconomic Consequences Of Tariffs written by Davide Furceri and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-15 with Business & Economics categories.
We study the macroeconomic consequences of tariffs. We estimate impulse response functions from local projections using a panel of annual data that spans 151 countries over 1963-2014. We find that tariff increases lead, in the medium term, to economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity. Tariff increases also result in more unemployment, higher inequality, and real exchange rate appreciation, but only small effects on the trade balance. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies, and when tariffs go up, not down. Our results are robust to a large number of perturbations to our methodology, and we complement our analysis with industry-level data.
International Classification Of Non Tariff Measures 2019
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Author : United Nations
language : en
Publisher: United Nations
Release Date : 2019-10-14
International Classification Of Non Tariff Measures 2019 written by United Nations and has been published by United Nations this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-14 with Political Science categories.
Non-tariff measures are generally defined as policy measures other than ordinary customs tariffs that can potentially have an economic effect on international trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices or both. Since this definition is broad, a detailed classification is of critical importance so as to better identify and distinguish among the various forms of non-tariff measures. The classification of non-tariff measures presented here is a taxonomy of all those measures considered relevant in international trade today. It builds on an old UNCTAD classification known as the Coding System of Trade Control Measures and was developed by several international organizations forming what is called the MAST group (Multi-Agency Support Team) set up to support the Group of Eminent Persons on Non-tariff Barriers established by the Secretary General of UNCTAD in 2006. The MAST team discussed and proposed this classification, and is composed of: FAO, IMF, ITC, OECD, UNCTAD, UNIDO, World Bank and WTO. The classification is seen as evolving and should adapt to the reality of international trade and data collection needs.
Nontariff Barriers To High Technology Trade
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Author : Robert B. Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-09-18
Nontariff Barriers To High Technology Trade written by Robert B. Cohen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-18 with categories.
This book describes European and Japanese nontariff barriers (NTBs) in areas of high-technology trade and discusses their impact on the international behavior of U.S. firms. This study was prompted by the rising incidence of nontariff measures in high-technology sectors, as governments increasingly attempt to promote the growth of new industries through various domestic subsidy policies and import protection. As applied in high-technology sectors, protectionism typically includes discriminatory government procurement, incompatible standards and product certification procedures, performance requirements, import licensing, and a failure to protect intellectual property. The authors use case histories to explore the incidence and impacts of these nontariff measures. Impacts are described in company-specific terms and include, for example, company efforts to redeploy research and development activities within the protected market, thus stimulating increased transfer of technology; alteration of product characteristics and the direction of research and development to satisfy local specifications; joint venturing with local partners, as well as with larger U.S. firms with an established market position; and abandoning the market entirely. The book includes a number of policy recommendations designed to reorient international trade negotiations toward the wide range of nontariff barrier impacts and the particular difficulties that smaller firms have in dealing with import restrictions.
Trade And Non Tariff Measures
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Author : Adam Heal
language : en
Publisher: UN
Release Date : 2015
Trade And Non Tariff Measures written by Adam Heal and has been published by UN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Business & Economics categories.
The focus of this report is particularly on the consequences of non-tariff measures (NTMs) for developing economies and also South-South trade. This is because (i) barriers to South-South trade need to be tackled if it is to fulfil its potential as a future driver of growth; and (ii) regional developing economies are increasingly the source of new NTMs as well as being their 'victims'. Chapter 1 provides an overview of global and regional trends in trade, tariffs and non-tariff measures and highlights the growing importance of NTMs. Chapter 2 surveys methodological problems that arise when evaluating NTMs and trade. Chapters 3 and 4 consider in more details two of the most prominent and widely-used types of NTM, respectively Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs). Chapter 5 concludes by reviewing mechanisms for streamlining NTMs and promoting developing countries' trade, particularly at the regional level
International Regulatory Co Operation And Trade
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Author : Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
language : en
Publisher: Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development
Release Date : 2017
International Regulatory Co Operation And Trade written by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and has been published by Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with International cooperation categories.
Regulatory differences across jurisdictions can be costly for traders. While these costs may reflect variations in domestic conditions and preferences, they may also be the result of rule-making processes working in isolation and of a lack of consideration for the international environment. Thus, some of the trade costs of regulatory divergence may be avoided without compromising the quality of regulatory protection. Building on lessons learnt from OECD analytical work and the experiences of OECD countries in regulatory policy and trade, this report proposes a definition of trade costs of regulatory divergence and analyses various approaches to addressing them, including unilateral, bilateral and multilateral approaches. It focuses on the contribution of good regulatory practices, the adoption of international standards, and the use of cross-border recognition frameworks and trade agreements. Based on this, the report provides indications for policy makers on how to reduce trade costs through international regulatory co-operation.
Methodology For Impact Assessment Of Free Trade Agreements
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Author : Michael G. Plummer
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2011-02-01
Methodology For Impact Assessment Of Free Trade Agreements written by Michael G. Plummer and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-01 with Political Science categories.
This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.
The Economics Of The World Trading System
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Author : Kyle Bagwell
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2004-08-20
The Economics Of The World Trading System written by Kyle Bagwell and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-20 with Business & Economics categories.
World trade is governed by the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO sets rules of conduct for the international trade of goods and services and for intellectual property rights, provides a forum for multinational negotiations to resolve trade problems, and has a formal mechanism for dispute settlement. It is the primary institution working, through rule-based bargaining, at freeing trade. In this book, Kyle Bagwell and Robert Staiger provide an economic analysis and justification for the purpose and design of the GATT/WTO. They summarize their own research, discuss the major features of the GATT agreement, and survey the literature on trade agreements. Their focus on the terms-of-trade externality is particularly original and ties the book together. Topics include the theory of trade agreements, the origin and design of the GATT and the WTO, the principles of reciprocity, the most favored nation principle, terms-of-trade theory, enforcement, preferential trade agreements, labor and environmental standards, competition policy, and agricultural export subsidies.