Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories

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Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories

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Author : Andreas Shalchi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-06-04

Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories written by Andreas Shalchi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-04 with Science categories.

If charged particles move through the interplanetary or interstellar medium, they interact with a large-scale magnetic ?eld such as the magnetic ?eld of the Sun or the Galactic magnetic ?eld. As these background ?elds are usually nearly constant in time and space, they can be approximated by a homogeneous ?eld. If there are no additional ?elds, the particle trajectory is a perfect helix along which the par- cle moves at a constant speed. In reality, however, there are turbulent electric and magnetic?elds dueto the interstellaror solar wind plasma. These ?elds lead to sc- tering of the cosmic rays parallel and perpendicular to the background ?eld. These scattering effects, which usually are of diffusive nature, can be described by s- tial diffusion coef?cients or, alternatively, by mean free paths. The knowledge of these parameters is essential for describing cosmic ray propagation as well as d- fusive shock acceleration. The latter process is responsible for the high cosmic ray energies that have been observed. The layout of this book is as follows. In Chap. 1, the general physical scenario is presented. We discuss fundamental processes such as cosmic ray propagation and acceleration in different systems such as the solar system or the interst- lar space. These processes are a consequence of the interaction between charged cosmic particles and an astrophysical plasma (turbulence). The properties of such plasmas are therefore the subject of Chap. 2.

Foundations Of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics

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Author : F.A. Aharonian
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2024-04-23

Foundations Of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics written by F.A. Aharonian and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-23 with Science categories.

The Enrico Fermi Schools, a cultural initiative promoted by the Italian Physical Society (SIF), were initiated in 1953 in a period that marked the beginnings of what is now called cosmic ray astrophysics. Indeed, the very first edition of the School focused on the contribution of cosmic ray physics to the laws of elementary particle physics. Almost seventy years later, another School has been focusing on the foundations of cosmic ray astrophysics, and this book contains the lectures presented as Course 208 of the prestigious International School of Physics Enrico Fermi, Foundations of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics, held in Varenna, Italy from 23 to 29 June 2022. Topics covered in the book range from particle acceleration to cosmic ray transport, and from radiation processes to feedback of cosmic rays in galaxy formation. In particular, a thorough description of the physics of cosmic ray transport in turbulent magnetic fields, and of the production of magnetic perturbations in the presence of cosmic ray gradients is provided, both these phenomena being essential in describing particle acceleration at shocks and the transport of cosmic rays within the galaxy. The transport of cosmic rays in different environments is also discussed. This area of research has received an extraordinary boost in recent times, thanks to the now unprecedented accuracy of observations, and to the possibility of testing new ideas and complex scenarios offered by recent developments in numerical simulation, and the book will be of interest to all those working in the field of high energy astrophysics.

Cosmic Ray Interactions Propagation And Acceleration In Space Plasmas

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Author : Lev Dorman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-09-02

Cosmic Ray Interactions Propagation And Acceleration In Space Plasmas written by Lev Dorman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-09-02 with Science categories.

Chapter 1 briefly describes the main properties of space plasmas and primary CR. Chapter 2 considers the problem of CR propagation in space plasmas described by the kinetic equation and different types of diffusion approximations. Chapter 3 is devoted to CR non-linear effects in space plasmas caused by CR pressure and CR kinetic stream instabilities with the generation of Alfvèn turbulence. In Chapter 4 different processes of CR acceleration in space plasmas are considered. The book ends with a list providing more than 1,300 full references, a discussion on future developments and unsolved problems, as well as Object and Author indexes.

Nasa Technical Note

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Author : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975

Nasa Technical Note written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Aeronautics categories.

New Insights Into High Energy Processes On The Sun And Their Geospace Consequences

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Author : Xiangliang Kong
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-02-21

New Insights Into High Energy Processes On The Sun And Their Geospace Consequences written by Xiangliang Kong and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-21 with Science categories.

The Sun releases an enormous amount of energy during explosive solar activities, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The solar corona can be heated up to tens of millions of degrees and a large number of charged particles can be accelerated to nearly the speed of light. Heated plasmas and high-energy particles increase solar radiations across the whole electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to gamma-ray wavelengths, which can have a profound effect on the Earth’s upper atmosphere immediately after about eight minutes. These create additional ionization and heating in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, leading to radio blackout, GNSS signal interferences and tracking loss, increased drag on spacecraft, etc. Recent studies have demonstrated that the effects can extend to the Earth’s magnetosphere via electrodynamic coupling. When the high-energy particles propagate through the interplanetary medium and arrive at the vicinity of the Earth, known as solar energetic particle (SEP) events, they can pose hazardous radiation threats to astronauts and spacecraft electronics in space.

Astroparticle Physics Theory And Phenomenology

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Author : Günter Sigl
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-12-05

Astroparticle Physics Theory And Phenomenology written by Günter Sigl and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-05 with Science categories.

This books aims at giving an overview over theoretical and phenomenological aspects of particle astrophysics and particle cosmology. To be of interest for both students and researchers in neighboring fields of physics, it keeps a balance between well established foundations that will not significantly change in the future and a more in-depth treatment of selected subfields in which significant new developments have been taking place recently. These include high energy particle astrophysics, such as cosmic high energy neutrinos, the interplay between detection techniques of dark matter in the laboratory and in high energy cosmic radiation, axion-like particles, and relics of the early Universe such as primordial magnetic fields and gravitational waves. It also contains exercises and thus will be suitable for both introductory and advanced courses in astroparticle physics.

Transport Processes In Space Physics And Astrophysics

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Author : Gary P. Zank
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-10-19

Transport Processes In Space Physics And Astrophysics written by Gary P. Zank and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-19 with Science categories.

“Transport Processes in Space Physics and Astrophysics” is aimed at graduate level students to provide the necessary mathematical and physics background to understand the transport of gases, charged particle gases, energetic charged particles, turbulence, and radiation in an astrophysical and space physics context. Subjects emphasized in the work include collisional and collisionless processes in gases (neutral or plasma), analogous processes in turbulence fields and radiation fields, and allows for a simplified treatment of the statistical description of the system. A systematic study that addresses the common tools at a graduate level allows students to progress to a point where they can begin their research in a variety of fields within space physics and astrophysics. This book is for graduate students who expect to complete their research in an area of plasma space physics or plasma astrophysics. By providing a broad synthesis in several areas of transport theory and modeling, the work also benefits researchers in related fields by providing an overview that currently does not exist. For numerous interesting and challenging space physics and astrophysics problems, there is a need to describe the “long-term” behavior of systems governed by macroscopic laws and microscopic randomness. A random event has an outcome that is uncertain and unpredictable, yet the collective behavior of a system can be governed by well defined mathematical and physical principles. Examples of physical problems include the behavior of gases in the presence of microscopic inter-particle collisions, the evolution of a gas of charged protons and electrons (a plasma), the collective propagation of solar energetic particles or cosmic rays in a magnetically turbulent medium, the collective behavior of dust in an accretion disk subject to coagulation and destruction, the evolution of low-frequency magnetic field turbulence in the inhomogeneous solar wind, or the transport of photos in a partially ionized interstellar medium. This book provides graduate students with a unified introduction to the physics of collective phenomena or transport processes for gases (charged and uncharged), fields, and photons in a space physics or astrophysics context.

Physics Of Solar Planetary Environments Vols I Ii

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Release Date :

Physics Of Solar Planetary Environments Vols I Ii written by and has been published by American Geophysical Union this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

Issues In Astronomy And Astrophysics 2011 Edition

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-01-09

Issues In Astronomy And Astrophysics 2011 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-09 with Science categories.

Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Astronomy and Astrophysics. The editors have built Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Astronomy and Astrophysics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Astronomy and Astrophysics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Astrophysical Magnetic Fields

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Author : Anvar Shukurov
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-12-16

Astrophysical Magnetic Fields written by Anvar Shukurov and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-16 with Science categories.

Magnetic fields permeate space and affect many major astrophysical phenomena, but they are often ignored due to their perceived complexity. This self-contained introduction to astrophysical magnetic fields provides both a comprehensive review of the current state of the subject and a critical discussion of the latest research. It presents our knowledge of magnetic fields from the Early Universe, their evolution in cosmic time through to their roles in present-day galaxies, galaxy clusters and the wider intergalactic medium, with attention given to both theory and observations. This volume also contains an extensive introduction into magnetohydrodynamics, numerous worked examples, observational and mathematical techniques and interpretations of the observations. Its review of our current knowledge, with an emphasis on results that are likely to form the basis for future progress, benefits a broad audience of advanced students and active researchers, including those from fields such as cosmology and general relativity.