Nox Control In Natural Gas Engines Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation
DOWNLOAD
Download Nox Control In Natural Gas Engines Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Nox Control In Natural Gas Engines Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Selective Nox Recirculation For Stationary Lean Burn Natural Gas Engines
DOWNLOAD
Author : Nigel N. Clark
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Selective Nox Recirculation For Stationary Lean Burn Natural Gas Engines written by Nigel N. Clark and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) generated by internal combustion (IC) engines are implicated in adverse environmental and health effects. Even though lean-burn natural gas engines have traditionally emitted lower oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions compared to their diesel counterparts, natural gas engines are being further challenged to reduce NOx emissions to 0.1 g/bhp-hr. The Selective NOx Recirculation (SNR) approach for NOx reduction involves cooling the engine exhaust gas and then adsorbing the NOx from the exhaust stream, followed by the periodic desorption of NOx. By sending the desorbed NOx back into the intake and through the engine, a percentage of the NOx can be decomposed during the combustion process. SNR technology has the support of the Department of Energy (DOE), under the Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems (ARES) program to reduce NOx emissions to under 0.1 g/bhp-hr from stationary natural gas engines by 2010. The NO decomposition phenomenon was studied using two Cummins L10G natural gas fueled spark-ignited (SI) engines in three experimental campaigns. It was observed that the air/fuel ratio ({lambda}), injected NO quantity, added exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) percentage, and engine operating points affected NOx decomposition rates within the engine. Chemical kinetic model predictions using the software package CHEMKIN were performed to relate the experimental data with established rate and equilibrium models. The model was used to predict NO decomposition during lean-burn, stoichiometric burn, and slightly rich-burn cases with added EGR. NOx decomposition rates were estimated from the model to be from 35 to 42% for the lean-burn cases and from 50 to 70% for the rich-burn cases. The modeling results provided an insight as to how to maximize NOx decomposition rates for the experimental engine. Results from this experiment along with chemical kinetic modeling solutions prompted the investigation of rich-burn operating conditions, with added EGR to prevent preignition. It was observed that the relative air/fuel ratio, injected NO quantity, added EGR fraction, and engine operating points affected the NO decomposition rates. While operating under these modified conditions, the highest NO decomposition rate of 92% was observed. In-cylinder pressure data gathered during the experiments showed minimum deviation from peak pressure as a result of NO injections into the engine. A NOx adsorption system, from Sorbent Technologies, Inc., was integrated with the Cummins engine, comprised a NOx adsorbent chamber, heat exchanger, demister, and a hot air blower. Data were gathered to show the possibility of NOx adsorption from the engine exhaust, and desorption of NOx from the sorbent material. In order to quantify the NOx adsorption/desorption characteristics of the sorbent material, a benchtop adsorption system was constructed. The temperature of this apparatus was controlled while data were gathered on the characteristics of the sorbent material for development of a system model. A simplified linear driving force model was developed to predict NOx adsorption into the sorbent material as cooled exhaust passed over fresh sorbent material. A mass heat transfer analysis was conducted to analyze the possibility of using hot exhaust gas for the desorption process. It was found in the adsorption studies, and through literature review, that NO adsorption was poor when the carrier gas was nitrogen, but that NO in the presence of oxygen was adsorbed at levels exceeding 1% by mass of the sorbent. From the three experimental campaigns, chemical kinetic modeling analysis, and the scaled benchtop NOx adsorption system, an overall SNR system model was developed. An economic analysis was completed, and showed that the system was impractical in cost for small engines, but that economies of scale favored the technology.
Nox Control In Natural Gas Engines Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mohamed Razi Nalim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Nox Control In Natural Gas Engines Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation written by Mohamed Razi Nalim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Automobiles categories.
Selective Nox Recirculation For Stationary Lean Burn Natural Gas Engines
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Selective Nox Recirculation For Stationary Lean Burn Natural Gas Engines written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Selective NOx Recirculation (SNR) involves cooling the engine exhaust gas and then adsorbing the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from the exhaust stream, followed by the periodic desorption of NOx. By returning the desorbed, concentrated NOx into the engine intake and through the combustion chamber, a percentage of the NOx is decomposed during the combustion process. An initial study of NOx decomposition during lean-burn combustion was concluded in 2004 using a 1993 Cummins L10G 240hp natural gas engine. It was observed that the air/fuel ratio, injected NO (nitric oxide) quantity and engine operating points affected NOx decomposition rates of the engine. Chemical kinetic modeling results were also used to determine optimum NOx decomposition operating points and were published in the 2004 annual report. A NOx decomposition rate of 27% was measured from this engine under lean-burn conditions while the software model predicted between 35-42% NOx decomposition for similar conditions. A later technology 1998 Cummins L10G 280hp natural gas engine was procured with the assistance of Cummins Inc. to replace the previous engine used for 2005 experimental research. The new engine was equipped with an electronic fuel management system with closed-loop control that provided a more stable air/fuel ratio control and improved the repeatability of the tests. The engine was instrumented with an in-cylinder pressure measurement system and electronic controls, and was adapted to operate over a range of air/fuel ratios. The engine was connected to a newly commissioned 300hp alternating current (AC) motoring dynamometer. The second experimental campaign was performed to acquire both stoichiometric and slightly rich (0.97 lambda ratio) burn NOx decomposition rates. Effects of engine load and speed on decomposition were quantified, but Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) was not varied independently. Decomposition rates of up to 92% were demonstrated. Following recommendations at the 2004 ARES peer review meeting at Argonne National Laboratories, in-cylinder pressure was measured to calculate engine indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) changes due to NOx injections and EGR variations, and to observe conditions in the cylinder. The third experimental campaign gathered NOx decomposition data at 800, 1200 and 1800 rpm. EGR was added via an external loop, with EGR ranging from zero to the point of misfire. The air/fuel ratio was set at both stoichiometric and slightly rich conditions, and NOx decomposition rates were calculated for each set of runs. Modifications were made to the engine exhaust manifold to record individual exhaust temperatures. The three experimental campaigns have provided the data needed for a comprehensive model of NOx decomposition during the combustion process, and data have confirmed that there was no significant impact of injected NO on in-cylinder pressure. The NOx adsorption system provided by Sorbent Technologies Corp. (Twinsburg, OH), comprised a NOx adsorber, heat exchanger and a demister. These components were connected to the engine, and data were gathered to show both the adsorption of NOx from the engine, and desorption of NOx from the carbon-based sorbent material back into the engine intake, using a heated air stream. In order to quantify the NOx adsorption/desorption characteristics of the sorbent material, a bench top adsorption system was constructed and instrumented with thermocouples and the system output was fed into a NOx analyzer. The temperature of this apparatus was controlled while gathering data on the characteristics of the sorbent material. These data were required for development of a system model. Preliminary data were gathered in 2005, and will continue in early 2006. To assess the economic benefits of the proposed SNR technology the WVU research team has been joined in the last quarter by Dr Richard Turton (WVU-Chemical Engineering), who is modeling, sizing and costing the major components. The tasks will address modeling and preliminary design of the heat exchanger, demister and NOx sorbent chamber suitable for a given engine. A simplified linear driving force model was developed to predict NOx adsorption into the sorbent material as cooled exhaust passes over fresh sorbent material. This aspect of the research will continue into 2006, and the benefits and challenges of SNR will be compared with those of competing systems, such as Selective Catalytic Reduction. Chemical kinetic modeling using the CHEMKIN software package was extended in 2005 to the case of slightly rich burn with EGR. Simulations were performed at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the intake air replaced with EGR. NOx decomposition efficiency was calculated at the point in time where 98% of fuel was consumed, which is believed to be a conservative approach. The modeling data show that reductions of over 70% are possible using the ''98% fuel burned'' assumption.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation For Retrofit Nox Control On Natural Gas Engines
DOWNLOAD
Author : Charles M. Urban
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Exhaust Gas Recirculation For Retrofit Nox Control On Natural Gas Engines written by Charles M. Urban and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Engines categories.
Nox Emission Control Technologies In Stationary And Automotive Internal Combustion Engines
DOWNLOAD
Author : B. Ashok
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-11-09
Nox Emission Control Technologies In Stationary And Automotive Internal Combustion Engines written by B. Ashok and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions
Particulate And Nox Reduction In A Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Using High Levels Of Exhaust Gas Recirculation And Very Early Or Very Late Start Of Injection
DOWNLOAD
Author : Adam Edgar Klingbeil
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Particulate And Nox Reduction In A Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Using High Levels Of Exhaust Gas Recirculation And Very Early Or Very Late Start Of Injection written by Adam Edgar Klingbeil and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Diesel fuels categories.
Effect Of Exhaust Gas Recirculation To Performance And Emissions Of Diesel Engine
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mustaqim Mohamad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Effect Of Exhaust Gas Recirculation To Performance And Emissions Of Diesel Engine written by Mustaqim Mohamad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Automobiles categories.
Direct injection (DI) diesel engine is well design today as a main power train solution for trucks and others relevant heavy duty vehicles. However, at the same time emission legislation, mainly for oxides of nitrogens (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) becomes more obvious, reducing their limit to extremely low values. One efficient method to control NOx in order to achieve the future emission limit are the rather high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates accompanied by increased boost pressure to avoid the negative impact on soot emissions. EGR is one of the most effective means of reducing NOx emissions from compression ignition (CI) engines and is widely used in order to meet the emission standards. In the present work, experimental investigation has been carried out to make an analysis the NOx reduction characteristics and the effect to the engine performance by using exhaust gas recirculation between two different fueled engine using biodiesel (palm oil methyl ester B5) and light diesel. This experiment was carried out using a four-cylinder DI diesel engine Mitsubishi 4D68. The purpose of this experiment was conducted is to know the effect of EGR on diesel engine performance and the quantity of NOx emissions in diesel engine's exhaust. The performance of the diesel engine and the quantity of NOx emissions in exhaust gas with using EGR in this experiment will be compared with the performance of the engine and the quantity of NOx emissions in the exhaust gas which not using EGR during the experiment. The results obtained by experiments showing that the EGR has caused the engine performance decreased as compared with no use of EGR. EGR is the best solution for reduced the production of NOx in the exhaust.
Diesel Emissions And Their Control 2nd Edition
DOWNLOAD
Author : W. Addy Majewski
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2023-12-20
Diesel Emissions And Their Control 2nd Edition written by W. Addy Majewski and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Engineers, applied scientists, students, and individuals working to reduceemissions and advance diesel engine technology will find the secondedition of Diesel Emissions and Their Control to be an indispensablereference. Whether readers are at the outset of their learning journey orseeking to deepen their expertise, this comprehensive reference bookcaters to a wide audience.In this substantial update to the 2006 classic, the authors have expandedthe coverage of the latest emission technologies. With the industryevolving rapidly, the book ensures that readers are well-informed aboutthe most recent advances in commercial diesel engines, providing acompetitive edge in their respective fields. The second edition has alsostreamlined the content to focus on the most promising technologies.This book is rooted in the wealth of information available on DieselNet.com, where the “Technology Guide” papers offer in-depth insights. Eachchapter includes links to relevant online materials, granting readers accessto even more expertise and knowledge.The second edition is organized into six parts, providing a structuredjourney through every aspect of diesel engines and emissions control: Part I: A foundational exploration of the diesel engine, combustion, andessential subsystems. Part II: An in-depth look at emission characterization, health andenvironmental impacts, testing methods, and global regulations. Part III: A comprehensive overview of diesel fuels, covering petroleumdiesel, alternative fuels, and engine lubricants. Part IV: An exploration of engine efficiency and emission controltechnologies, from exhaust gas recirculation to engine control. Part V: The latest developments in diesel exhaust aftertreatment,encompassing catalyst technologies and particulate filters. Part VI: A historical journey through the evolution of dieselengine technology, with a focus on heavy-duty engines in the NorthAmerican market. (ISBN 9781468605693, ISBN 9781468605709, ISBN 9781468605716, DOI: 10.4271/9781468605709)
Modelling And Observation Of Exhaust Gas Concentrations For Diesel Engine Control
DOWNLOAD
Author : Dr.-Ing. David Blanco-Rodriguez
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-19
Modelling And Observation Of Exhaust Gas Concentrations For Diesel Engine Control written by Dr.-Ing. David Blanco-Rodriguez and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book presents a complete new methodology for the on-board measurements and modeling of gas concentrations in turbocharged diesel engines. It provides the readers with a comprehensive review of the state-of-art in NOx and lambda estimation and describes new important achievements accomplished by the author. These include: the online characterization of lambda and NOx sensors; the development of control-oriented models of lambda and NOx emissions; the design of computationally efficient updating algorithms; and, finally, the application and evaluation of the methods on-board. Because of its technically oriented approach and innovative findings on both control-oriented algorithms and virtual sensing and observation, this book offers a practice-oriented guide for students, researchers and professionals working in the field of control and information engineering.
Laboratory Evaluations Of Controlled Combustion Quenching And Stratified Exhaust Gas Injection For Nox Control On A Four Stroke Reciprocating Engine
DOWNLOAD
Author : R. H. Thring
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Laboratory Evaluations Of Controlled Combustion Quenching And Stratified Exhaust Gas Injection For Nox Control On A Four Stroke Reciprocating Engine written by R. H. Thring and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Internal combustion engines categories.
This report describes laboratory evaluations of Controlled Combustion Quenching (CCQ) and stratified Exhaust Gas Injection (SEGI), two new proposed techniques for NOx control in natural gas piston engines. With CCQ a quenching fluid is injected into the combustion chamber during the combustion process. CCQ showed NOx reductions of 60 to 80 percent, with relatively small penalties in fuel consumption (less than 8 percent) and other emissions. Another potential advantage of CCQ is that, unlike with conventional water injection, there seemed to be very little contamination of the lubricating oil. This fact suggests that CCQ may be applicable without causing engine durability degradation, such as has been feared for conventional water injection. Engine test of stratified exhaust gas injection were not so promising in that, for a given flow rate of exhaust gas the stratified exhaust gas gave only half as much reduction in NOx as homogeneous exhaust gas recirculation. However, it is believed that the exhaust gas stratification was not optimally configured; that is, the exhaust gas cloud was located too far from the spark plug. It is recommened that this problem could be overcome by providing a small chamber close to the spark plug to trap a small quantity of exhaust gas from the previous cycle and release it close to the spark plug at the appropriatte time.