On The Functions Of Mammalian Sept2 During Cytokinesis
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On The Functions Of Mammalian Sept2 During Cytokinesis
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Author : Eunyoung Emily Joo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
On The Functions Of Mammalian Sept2 During Cytokinesis written by Eunyoung Emily Joo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Septins belong to a growing family of proteins that play important roles in different biological processes such as cytokinesis, neurite outgrowth, neuronal guidance and secretion in a wide range of different organisms including budding yeast and humans. Septins have been reported to be able to form homo and heterotypic filaments in vitro, but the relevance of septin filaments in the above-mentioned biological phenomena remains elusive. Furthermore, even though septins have been implicated in many processes that require precise regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, the link between septins and the actin cytoskeleton is still unclear. Therefore, this thesis aimed to examine the role of septins during cytokinesis and the link between septins and the actin cytoskeleton by a number of different experimental methods. First, I examined the importance of different regions of a mammalian septin, SEPT2, in polymerization; the GTPase and the putative coiled-coil domains were analyzed. Consistent with the reported findings, the GTPase domain of the SEPT2 was important in septin polymerization. However, in contrast to the previous findings, the putative coiled-coil domain of the SEPT2 was also important in the filamentous staining pattern of SEPT2 in cultured cells. Second, to understand the link between septins and the actin cytoskeleton, I performed binding assays and found that septins are linked to the actin cytoskeleton by associating with non-muscle myosin II (myosin II). Interestingly, association of septins and myosin II was necessary to regulate the activity of the myosin II as dissociation of the septins and myosin II decreased the level of di-phosphorylated myosin light chain, and subsequent disruption of contractile filaments and cytokinesis. Finally, in contrast to previously reported data, septins co-localized with the plasma membrane when the stability of the actin fibers were altered. In addition, the C-terminus of various Ras proteins co-localized with septins suggesting that under certain conditions septins demarcate lipid microdomains. From these findings, as well as other reported data, models are proposed to explain the roles of septins during cell division.
Function And Regulation Of Septins During Mammalian Cell Division
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Author : Mathew Estey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Function And Regulation Of Septins During Mammalian Cell Division written by Mathew Estey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The Septins
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Author : Peter A. Hall
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-11-20
The Septins written by Peter A. Hall and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-20 with Science categories.
"The authors represent most of the key figures and the work and the book as a whole is an essential reference for the newcomer or specialist in this area and for any student of eukaryotic cell structure and function. This is an important and wonderful reference." –Microbiology Today, May 2009 Septins are an evolutionarily conserved group of GTP-binding and filament-forming proteins that were originally discovered in yeast. Once the preserve of a small band of yeast biologists, the field has grown rapidly in the past few years and now encompasses the whole of animal and fungal biology. Furthermore, septins are nowadays recognized to be involved in a variety of disease processes from neoplasia to neurodegenerative conditions. This book comprehensively examines the septin gene family and their proteins, providing those new to this research area with a detailed and wide ranging introduction to septin biology. It starts with a unique historical perspective on the development of the field, from its beginnings in the screen for cell division mutants by the Nobel Laureate Lee Hartwell. The evolution of the septin gene family then forms a basis for consideration of the biochemistry and functions of septins in yeast and other model organisms including C. elegans and Drosophila. A major part of the book considers the diversity of septins in mammals, their functions and properties as well as their involvement in normal and abnormal cellular states, followed by a speculative overview from the editors of the key questions in septin research and of where the field may be headed. In addition, several appendices summarise important information for those in, or just entering, the field, e.g. nomenclature and septin and septin-like sequences. This book is an essential source of reference material for researchers in septin biology, cell biology, genetics and medicine, in particular pathology, including areas of neurobiology, oncology, infectious disease and developmental biology.
The Septin Cdcrel 1 Microform Protein Associations Modifications And Effects On Exocytosis
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Author : Crestina L. Beites
language : en
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
Release Date : 2004
The Septin Cdcrel 1 Microform Protein Associations Modifications And Effects On Exocytosis written by Crestina L. Beites and has been published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
SNARE proteins mediate the docking and/or fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane. However, it is not clearly understood how this process is regulated. In a search for potential SNARE regulators, we have identified a novel snare interacting protein, the septin CDCrel-1. Septins were first identified as filamentous proteins required for cytokinesis in yeast. However, in mammals little is known about their functions. I show here that cdcrel-1 is predominantly expressed in the brain where it associates with membranes via binding to syntaxin 1A. Wildtype CDCrel-1 transfected into HIT-T15 cells inhibits secretion while mutated forms of CDCrel-1 potentiate secretion, suggesting that cdcrel-1 may be regulating vesicle targeting and/or fusion events. I further map the CDCrel-1 domains important for syntaxin binding and investigate the ability of CDCrel-1 to bind to syntaxin when in various SNARE complexes. CDCrel-1 can bind syntaxin in a SNARE complex, but its binding is occluded by alpha-SNAP. This suggests that CDCrel-1 may act as a novel filamentous element, regulating the delivery and/or fusion of vesicles to the presynaptic membrane through its interaction with syntaxin and the 7S complex. The regulation of filaments may be via post-translational modifications. Indeed we have discovered a novel interaction between SUMO E3 PIAS proteins and CDCrel-1. The conjugation of SUMO to substrates is dependent upon an E1 and E2, whereas specificity is mediated by an E3. Although several SUMO-1 substrates have been characterized, conjugation solely by SUMO-2/3 has not been described. Here I describe the colocalization of CDCrel-1 with SUMO-2 and 3 but not SUMO-1. Transfection of SUMO-2/3 but not SUMO-1 causes a reorganization of CDCrel-1 distribution in CHO cells. Furthermore, CDCrel-1 sequesters the nuclear pool of SUMO-2/3 and of the E2 Ubc9 but not SUMO1 into the cytoplasm. Sumoylation of CDCrel-l is shown in vivo and putative SUMO modification sites on CDCrel-1 are investigated by deletion of lysine residues. These experiments strongly suggest that CDCrel-1 is sumoylated specifically by SUMO-2/3. Sumoylation of CDCrel-1 may therefore play a regulatory role in secretion and septin filament formation. Future work will be aimed at determining the functional significance of SUMO modified CDCrel-1.
Encyclopedia Of Signaling Molecules
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 19??
Encyclopedia Of Signaling Molecules written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 19?? with categories.
Emerging Functions Of Septins Volume Ii
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Author : Manoj B. Menon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-07-12
Emerging Functions Of Septins Volume Ii written by Manoj B. Menon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-12 with Science categories.
Polyploidization And Cancer
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Author : Randy Y.C. Poon
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-01-11
Polyploidization And Cancer written by Randy Y.C. Poon and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-11 with Medical categories.
Limiting genome replication to once per cell cycle is vital for maintaining genome stability. Although polyploidization is of physiologically importance for several specialized cell types, inappropriate polyploidization is believed to promote aneuploidy and transformation. A growing body of evidence indicates that the surveillance mechanisms that prevent polyploidization are frequently perturbed in cancers. Progress in the past several years has unraveled some of the underlying principles that maintain genome stability. This book brings together leaders of the field to overview subjects relating to polyploidization and cancer.
Mechanisms Of Cytokinesis In Eukaryotes
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Author : Issei Mabuchi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-05-11
Mechanisms Of Cytokinesis In Eukaryotes written by Issei Mabuchi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-11 with Science categories.
Progressive Brain Disorders In Childhood
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Author : Juan M. Pascual
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-04-20
Progressive Brain Disorders In Childhood written by Juan M. Pascual and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-20 with Medical categories.
A review of childhood neurodegenerative and other progressive but non-degenerative disorders to guide their diagnosis and management.
Nusap A Novel Microtubule Associated Protein Involved In Mitotic Spindle Organization
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Author : Tim Raemaekers
language : en
Publisher: Leuven University Press
Release Date : 2003-09
Nusap A Novel Microtubule Associated Protein Involved In Mitotic Spindle Organization written by Tim Raemaekers and has been published by Leuven University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09 with Science categories.
"Vitamin D and bone, Linking the fields of vitamin D and bone with those of the nucleus and mitotic spindle, Nucleus structure and dynamics, Organization of the nucleus, Microtubules and associated proteins, Mitosis and spindle assembly, Control and mechanism of spindle formation and dynamics, Materials and methods, NuSAP, and novel MAP involved in spindle organization, NuSAP expression in cultured osteoblasts: regulation during development and by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, Analysis of NuSAP gene expression at the tissue level and chromosomal localization of human and mouse NuSAP, Developmentally regulated expression of NuSAP in the rat testis and mouse embryo, Chromosomal localization of human and mouse Nusap, General discussion and perspectives."