Operation Ranch Hand
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Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : William A. Buckingham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Operation Ranch Hand written by William A. Buckingham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Government publications categories.
Operation Ranch Hand The Air Force And Herbicides In Southeast Asia 1961 1971
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Author : William A. Buckingham, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2013-02-22
Operation Ranch Hand The Air Force And Herbicides In Southeast Asia 1961 1971 written by William A. Buckingham, Jr. and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-22 with History categories.
This book is a study of the process by which herbicidal military policy was made in Southeast Asia. The author relates the intense controversy over the effects of the Agent Orange spraying program. He connects policy to operations, showing how pressure from scientists and disagreements within the government imposed limits on the program. He explores the technical difficulties in spraying herbicides; and he pays tribute to the Ranch Hand airmen who flew planes "low and slow" over enemy positions (altogether, Ranch Hand aircraft took over 7,000 hits). Since the 1975 renunciation of the use of herbicides, this military episode has remained unique in U.S. history. Includes notes, appendices, bibliography, and photos.
Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : William A. Buckingham
language : en
Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office
Release Date : 1982-06
Operation Ranch Hand written by William A. Buckingham and has been published by U.S. Government Printing Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982-06 with categories.
Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : William A. Buckingham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Operation Ranch Hand written by William A. Buckingham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Herbicides categories.
Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : William A. Buckingham (Jr.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Operation Ranch Hand written by William A. Buckingham (Jr.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Herbicides categories.
Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : Office of Air Force History
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-02-26
Operation Ranch Hand written by Office of Air Force History and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-26 with History categories.
Since the dawn of powered flight, there has been debate about the uses of aviation in war. The air weapon could be, and has been, used for a variety of missions: to gain control of the skies, to bomb an enemy's population or war-making resources, to support armies and navies in battle, to interdict the flow of men and materiel to the battlefield, for observation, reconnaissance, the gathering of intelligence, to transport men and supplies, and for virtually every other aspect of modern combat. One of aviation's more unusual military applications occurred in Southeast Asia, where American and Vietnamese planes sprayed large areas of Vietnam and Laos with herbicides in an effort to deny cover and concealment to the enemy, and to destroy his food supply. Herbicides, or weed-killing chemicals, had long been used in American agriculture. After World War I, the military of various nations realized their potential for war and developed techniques to use them. Although the Italians had used lethal chemicals delivered from the air in Abyssinia in 1936, the Allies and Axis in World War II abstained from using the weapon either because of legal restrictions, or to avoid retaliation in kind. During the early 1950s, the British on a limited basis employed herbicides to destroy the crops of communist insurgents in Malaya. In 1961, President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam asked the United States to conduct aerial herbicide spraying in his country. In August of that year, the South Vietnamese Air Force initiated herbicide operations with American help. But Diem's request launched a policy debate in the White House and the State and Defense Departments. On one side were those who viewed herbicides as an economical and efficient means of stripping the Viet Cong of their jungle cover and food. Others, however, doubted the effectiveness of such a tactic and worried that such operations would both alienate friendly Vietnamese and expose the United States to charges of barbarism for waging a form of chemical warfare. Both sides agreed upon the propaganda risks of the issue. At last, in November 1961, President Kennedy approved the use of herbicides, but only as a limited experiment requiring South Vietnamese participation and the mission-by-mission approval of the United States Embassy, the Military Assistance Command Vietnam, and South Vietnam's government. Operation Ranch Hand, the designation for the program, began in January 1962. Gradually limitations were relaxed and the spraying became more frequent, and covered larger areas. By the time it ended nine years later, some eighteen million gallons of chemicals had been sprayed on an estimated twenty percent of South Vietnam's jungles, including thirty-six percent of its mangrove forests. The Air Force also carried out herbicide operations in Laos from December 1965 to September 1969 with the permission of the Laotian government.
Agent Orange
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Agent Orange written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with History categories.
Herbicidal Warfare
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Author : Paul F. Cecil
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1986
Herbicidal Warfare written by Paul F. Cecil and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Education categories.
In 1961, the United States Air Force began using chemical herbicides as a weapon in South-east Asia. The tactic lasted only ten years, but the controversy it provoked continues to this day. Criticisms range from the charge that the herbicides did irreparable damage to the Asian environment to the recent "Agent Orange" lawsuits claiming that the chemicals have caused U.S. servicemen and their children physical and mental impairments. While much attention has been given to these claims, little light has been cast on the actual history of the herbicidal operation, code-named RANCH HAND. This book is the history of this unique aviation mission, from its conception to its termination. It describes how the operation dispensed over 11 million gallons of chemicals over Southeast Asian jungles and croplands while flying unarmed, obsolescent aircraft at tree-top level. Based on the author's own experiences, hundreds of interviews with RANCH HAND veterans, and careful research of declassified primary sources, this book provides a comprehensive and in-depth view of the men who flew the missions and their role in the events in Southeast Asia. It also reviews the scientific reaction to herbicidal warfare and hoe the controversy that ensued eventually caused the cancellation of the operation. -- from Book Jacket.
The Invention Of Ecocide
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Author : David Zierler
language : en
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
Release Date : 2011-05-01
The Invention Of Ecocide written by David Zierler and has been published by University of Georgia Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-01 with History categories.
As the public increasingly questioned the war in Vietnam, a group of American scientists deeply concerned about the use of Agent Orange and other herbicides started a movement to ban what they called “ecocide.” David Zierler traces this movement, starting in the 1940s, when weed killer was developed in agricultural circles and theories of counterinsurgency were studied by the military. These two trajectories converged in 1961 with Operation Ranch Hand, the joint U.S.-South Vietnamese mission to use herbicidal warfare as a means to defoliate large areas of enemy territory. Driven by the idea that humans were altering the world’s ecology for the worse, a group of scientists relentlessly challenged Pentagon assurances of safety, citing possible long-term environmental and health effects. It wasn’t until 1970 that the scientists gained access to sprayed zones confirming that a major ecological disaster had occurred. Their findings convinced the U.S. government to renounce first use of herbicides in future wars and, Zierler argues, fundamentally reoriented thinking about warfare and environmental security in the next forty years. Incorporating in-depth interviews, unique archival collections, and recently declassified national security documents, Zierler examines the movement to ban ecocide as it played out amid the rise of a global environmental consciousness and growing disillusionment with the containment policies of the cold war era.
Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans And Agent Orange Exposure
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-06-01
Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans And Agent Orange Exposure written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-01 with Medical categories.
Over 3 million U.S. military personnel were sent to Southeast Asia to fight in the Vietnam War. Since the end of the Vietnam War, veterans have reported numerous health effects. Herbicides used in Vietnam, in particular Agent Orange have been associated with a variety of cancers and other long term health problems from Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes to heart disease. Prior to 1997 laws safeguarded all service men and women deployed to Vietnam including members of the Blue Navy. Since then, the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) has established that Vietnam veterans are automatically eligible for disability benefits should they develop any disease associated with Agent Orange exposure, however, veterans who served on deep sea vessels in Vietnam are not included. These "Blue Water Navy" veterans must prove they were exposed to Agent Orange before they can claim benefits. At the request of the VA, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined whether Blue Water Navy veterans had similar exposures to Agent Orange as other Vietnam veterans. Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans and Agent Orange Exposure comprehensively examines whether Vietnam veterans in the Blue Water Navy experienced exposures to herbicides and their contaminants by reviewing historical reports, relevant legislation, key personnel insights, and chemical analysis to resolve current debate on this issue.