Operation Ranch Hand The Air Force And Herbicides In Southeast Asia 1961 1971
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Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : William A. Buckingham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Operation Ranch Hand written by William A. Buckingham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Herbicides categories.
Operation Ranch Hand The Air Force And Herbicides In Southeast Asia 1961 1971
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Author : William A. Buckingham, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2013-02-22
Operation Ranch Hand The Air Force And Herbicides In Southeast Asia 1961 1971 written by William A. Buckingham, Jr. and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-22 with History categories.
This book is a study of the process by which herbicidal military policy was made in Southeast Asia. The author relates the intense controversy over the effects of the Agent Orange spraying program. He connects policy to operations, showing how pressure from scientists and disagreements within the government imposed limits on the program. He explores the technical difficulties in spraying herbicides; and he pays tribute to the Ranch Hand airmen who flew planes "low and slow" over enemy positions (altogether, Ranch Hand aircraft took over 7,000 hits). Since the 1975 renunciation of the use of herbicides, this military episode has remained unique in U.S. history. Includes notes, appendices, bibliography, and photos.
Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : William A. Buckingham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Operation Ranch Hand written by William A. Buckingham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Herbicides categories.
Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : William A. Buckingham (Jr.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Operation Ranch Hand written by William A. Buckingham (Jr.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Herbicides categories.
Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : Office of Air Force History
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-02-26
Operation Ranch Hand written by Office of Air Force History and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-26 with History categories.
Since the dawn of powered flight, there has been debate about the uses of aviation in war. The air weapon could be, and has been, used for a variety of missions: to gain control of the skies, to bomb an enemy's population or war-making resources, to support armies and navies in battle, to interdict the flow of men and materiel to the battlefield, for observation, reconnaissance, the gathering of intelligence, to transport men and supplies, and for virtually every other aspect of modern combat. One of aviation's more unusual military applications occurred in Southeast Asia, where American and Vietnamese planes sprayed large areas of Vietnam and Laos with herbicides in an effort to deny cover and concealment to the enemy, and to destroy his food supply. Herbicides, or weed-killing chemicals, had long been used in American agriculture. After World War I, the military of various nations realized their potential for war and developed techniques to use them. Although the Italians had used lethal chemicals delivered from the air in Abyssinia in 1936, the Allies and Axis in World War II abstained from using the weapon either because of legal restrictions, or to avoid retaliation in kind. During the early 1950s, the British on a limited basis employed herbicides to destroy the crops of communist insurgents in Malaya. In 1961, President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam asked the United States to conduct aerial herbicide spraying in his country. In August of that year, the South Vietnamese Air Force initiated herbicide operations with American help. But Diem's request launched a policy debate in the White House and the State and Defense Departments. On one side were those who viewed herbicides as an economical and efficient means of stripping the Viet Cong of their jungle cover and food. Others, however, doubted the effectiveness of such a tactic and worried that such operations would both alienate friendly Vietnamese and expose the United States to charges of barbarism for waging a form of chemical warfare. Both sides agreed upon the propaganda risks of the issue. At last, in November 1961, President Kennedy approved the use of herbicides, but only as a limited experiment requiring South Vietnamese participation and the mission-by-mission approval of the United States Embassy, the Military Assistance Command Vietnam, and South Vietnam's government. Operation Ranch Hand, the designation for the program, began in January 1962. Gradually limitations were relaxed and the spraying became more frequent, and covered larger areas. By the time it ended nine years later, some eighteen million gallons of chemicals had been sprayed on an estimated twenty percent of South Vietnam's jungles, including thirty-six percent of its mangrove forests. The Air Force also carried out herbicide operations in Laos from December 1965 to September 1969 with the permission of the Laotian government.
Herbicidal Warfare
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Author : Paul F. Cecil
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1986
Herbicidal Warfare written by Paul F. Cecil and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Education categories.
In 1961, the United States Air Force began using chemical herbicides as a weapon in South-east Asia. The tactic lasted only ten years, but the controversy it provoked continues to this day. Criticisms range from the charge that the herbicides did irreparable damage to the Asian environment to the recent "Agent Orange" lawsuits claiming that the chemicals have caused U.S. servicemen and their children physical and mental impairments. While much attention has been given to these claims, little light has been cast on the actual history of the herbicidal operation, code-named RANCH HAND. This book is the history of this unique aviation mission, from its conception to its termination. It describes how the operation dispensed over 11 million gallons of chemicals over Southeast Asian jungles and croplands while flying unarmed, obsolescent aircraft at tree-top level. Based on the author's own experiences, hundreds of interviews with RANCH HAND veterans, and careful research of declassified primary sources, this book provides a comprehensive and in-depth view of the men who flew the missions and their role in the events in Southeast Asia. It also reviews the scientific reaction to herbicidal warfare and hoe the controversy that ensued eventually caused the cancellation of the operation. -- from Book Jacket.
Herbicidal Warfare
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Author : Paul Frederick Cecil
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Herbicidal Warfare written by Paul Frederick Cecil and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Herbicides categories.
An Epidemiologic Investigation Of Health Effects In Air Force Personnel Following Exposure To Herbicides
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
An Epidemiologic Investigation Of Health Effects In Air Force Personnel Following Exposure To Herbicides written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Agent Orange categories.
"This report summarizes results from the Air Force Health Study (AFHS). The AFHS is an epidemiological study to determine whether adverse health effects attributable to exposure to herbicides exist in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand. Operation Ranch Hand was the unit responsible for the aerial spraying of herbicides, including Herbicide Orange, in Vietnam from 1961 to 1971. A Comparison cohort comprised Air Force veterans who served in Southeast Asia during the same time period that the Ranch Hand unit was active and who were not involved with spraying herbicides. The summarized data were collected during a physical examination administered between May 1997 and April 1998. Of 1,149 eligible Ranch Hands, 870 (75.7%) participated and of 1,761 eligible Comparisons, 1,251 (71.0%) participated. Statistical analyses assessed differences between Ranch Hands and Comparisons and associations between health-related endpoints and extrapolated initial dioxin, dioxin exposure category (Comparisons, background Ranch Hands, low Ranch Hands, high Ranch Hands), and dioxin measured in 1987. The study has insufficient statistical power to assess increases in the risk of rare diseases, such as soft tissue sarcoma. Diabetes and cardiovascular abnormalities represent the most important dioxin-related health problems seen. From a public health perspective, these two areas demand the greatest attention."--Abstract.
Operation Ranch Hand
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Author : William A. Buckingham
language : en
Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office
Release Date : 1982-06
Operation Ranch Hand written by William A. Buckingham and has been published by U.S. Government Printing Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982-06 with categories.
The History Use Disposition And Environmental Fate Of Agent Orange
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Author : Alvin Lee Young
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-04-21
The History Use Disposition And Environmental Fate Of Agent Orange written by Alvin Lee Young and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-21 with Science categories.
For almost four decades, controversy has surrounded the tactical use of herbicides in Southeast Asia by the United States military. Few environmental or occupational health issues have received the sustained international attention that has been focused on Agent Orange, the major tactical herbicide deployed in Southern Vietnam. With the opening and establishment of normal relations between the United States and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1995, the time has come for a thorough re-examination of the military use of Agent Orange and other "tactical herbicides" in Southern Vietnam, and the subsequent actions that have been taking place since their use in Vietnam. The United States Department of Defense has had the major role in all military operations involving the use of tactical herbicides, including that of Agent Orange. This included the Department's purchase, shipment and tactical use of herbicides in Vietnam, its role in the disposition of Agent Orange after Vietnam, its role in conducting long-term epidemiological investigations of the men of Operation RANCH HAND, and its sponsorship of ecological and environmental fate studies. This book was commissioned by The Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) with the intent of providing documentation of the knowledge on the history, use, disposition and environmental fate of Agent Orange and its associated dioxin.