Operational Lessons Learned In The Korean War
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Operational Lessons Learned In The Korean War
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Author : U S Army Command and General Staff Coll
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-08-11
Operational Lessons Learned In The Korean War written by U S Army Command and General Staff Coll and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-11 with categories.
More than 60 years since the outbreak of war on the Korean Peninsula, the United States Armed Forces continue to stand by the soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines of the Republic of Korea in an effort to deter further North Korean aggression. The purpose of this book is capture operational lessons learned during the Korean War that should be taken into consideration by operational planners as they prepare for future conflict on the peninsula. Looking at the Korean Peninsula's geography, weather and terrain, and place in the world highlight unique challenges operational planners will face. The strategic context of North Korea's proximity and alliance to China is important to understand and take into consideration during any operation in the region. China considers North Korea as a buffer protecting its region of Manchuria. Encroachment of this border by foreign forces is a threat to Chinese sovereignty. China's continued support of the North Korean regime is essential to their survival and must always frame the operational environment. The Korean Peninsula is subject to weather extremes, such as monsoons and harsh winters that have a direct impact on operations. During the winter of 1950-1951, marines and soldiers faced sub-zero temperatures and heavy snowfall that blocked mountain passes and clogged main supply routes. Fifty years later, soldiers and airmen serving in Korea experienced another such harsh winter that limited operations because of heavy snowfall and had an impact their ability to respond to threats from the north. The reason that weather has such an operational impact is because of the restrictive terrain found on the peninsula. The Korean Peninsula is primarily mountainous, with most valleys running north to south, and having limited east west cross mobility corridors. In the north, limited infrastructure, such as road networks and expressways, compounds the problem. Add to this, population centers based around crossroads along the valley floors, and the terrain becomes even more restrictive to ground maneuvers. By examining combat operations during the Korean War, it becomes apparent that operational planners must consider force structure. The allocation of force multipliers to enable independent brigade operations without the possibility of mutually supporting maneuver units is critical in Korea's restrictive terrain.
Operational Lessons Learned In The Korean War
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Author : Dale B. Woodhouse
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
Release Date : 2012-09-16
Operational Lessons Learned In The Korean War written by Dale B. Woodhouse and has been published by Createspace Independent Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-16 with History categories.
More than 60 years since the outbreak of war on the Korean Peninsula, the United States Armed Forces continue to stand by the soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines of the Republic of Korea in an effort to deter further North Korean aggression. The purpose of this monograph is capture operational lessons learned during the Korean War that should be taken into consideration by operational planners as they prepare for future conflict on the peninsula. Looking at the Korean Peninsula's geography, weather and terrain, and place in the world highlight unique challenges operational planners will face. The strategic context of North Korea's proximity and alliance to China is important to understand and take into consideration during any operation in the region. China considers North Korea as a buffer protecting its region of Manchuria. Encroachment of this border by foreign forces is a threat to Chinese sovereignty. China's continued support of the North Korean regime is essential to their survival and must always frame the operational environment. The Korean Peninsula is subject to weather extremes, such as monsoons and harsh winters that have a direct impact on operations. During the winter of 1950-1951, marines and soldiers faced sub-zero temperatures and heavy snowfall that blocked mountain passes and clogged main supply routes. Fifty years later, soldiers and airmen serving in Korea experienced another such harsh winter that limited operations because of heavy snowfall and had an impact their ability to respond to threats from the north. The reason that weather has such an operational impact is because of the restrictive terrain found on the peninsula. The Korean Peninsula is primarily mountainous, with most valleys running north to south, and having limited east west cross mobility corridors. In the north, limited infrastructure, such as road networks and expressways, compounds the problem. Add to this, population centers based around crossroads along the valley floors, and the terrain becomes even more restrictive to ground maneuvers. By examining combat operations during the Korean War, it becomes apparent that operational planners must consider force structure. The allocation of force multipliers to enable independent brigade operations without the possibility of mutually supporting maneuver units is critical in Korea's restrictive terrain. A look at the terrain and weather found on the peninsula, along with a short history of Korea, sets the stage for a look at the Korean War. Following United Nations forces through their first year of fighting through the lens of operational art highlights relevant lessons learned for the operational planner. Couching these lessons learned in the Korean environment of today, establishes a framework that is useful for operational planners.
America S First Air Battles
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Author : U. S. Military
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-04-19
America S First Air Battles written by U. S. Military and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-19 with categories.
This excellent report examines several important airpower factors to include familiarity with the nature and geography of the conflict; parity with the adversary, especially in terms of air superiority; command and control of air assets, especially in interdiction and close air support missions; and the confluence of airpower weapons with doctrine and training.Colonel Purdham filters these airpower factors through three conflicts of the last half-century--Korean War, Vietnam War, and Operation Desert Storm--looking as much as possible at the early air operational stages of the conflict. He concludes that Professor Howard's construct has some validity, but the real world offers alternative conclusions. The reasons the military doctrine seems out of alignment in the early stages of conflict is not because of poorly developed doctrine, but rather quick changes made in national strategy that cannot be perfectly anticipated in doctrinal writing and conferred in training regimes. Ultimately, the greatest lesson seems to be that airpower leadership and doctrinal focus need to have the flexibility to adapt to changing national direction. It helps immensely that our air forces go to war well trained in the way they will fight. The effectiveness of Desert Storm validates this concept. Perhaps the lessons of Operation Iraqi Freedom provide even greater proof.
War In Peacetime The History And Lessons Of Korea
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Author : J. Lawton Collins
language : en
Publisher: Plunkett Lake Press
Release Date : 2023-02-16
War In Peacetime The History And Lessons Of Korea written by J. Lawton Collins and has been published by Plunkett Lake Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-16 with History categories.
As Army Chief of Staff during the Korean war, General Collins directly monitored operations in the Far East for the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He describes the actions of President Truman, Dean Acheson, George C. Marshall, Robert Lovett, Omar Bradley and the field commanders: Walton Walker’s desperate defense of the Pusan perimeter, MacArthur’s brilliant success at Inchon and disaster at the Yalu river and Ridgway taking over from MacArthur to rebuild the morale of a dispirited army. “General Collins... has produced an absorbing book which will be of great interest to the general reader... The book is clearly written... and covers its subject well.” — Denis Stairs, International Journal “[A] superior memoir of policy making on Korea.” — Richard K. Betts, The American Historical Review “[T]he story is told in compact and clear fashion, from the broadest standpoint and in gripping detail, and is supported by excellent cartography... Collins weaves an extremely useful account of his own role within the Joint Chiefs of Staff system. He is particularly informative on the unified department of defense... If he was a cold-war warrior, Collins was of the most responsible breed: a general of intelligence and balance who recoiled from the insanity of playing with global fire.” — Alvin D. Coox, The American Historical Review “This volume should not be missed by those of our citizens who want a view of the Korean war from the vantage point of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army at that time.” — Virgil Ney, Ordnance “As a primary source for decision-making studies and American historians, the book has self-evident value.” — Kirkus
Joint Military Operations Historical Collection Lessons Learned From Battles Large And Small Hannibal Grenada Haiti Panama Gulf War Desert Storm Korea Operation Chromite
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Author : Department of Defense
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-01-14
Joint Military Operations Historical Collection Lessons Learned From Battles Large And Small Hannibal Grenada Haiti Panama Gulf War Desert Storm Korea Operation Chromite written by Department of Defense and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-14 with categories.
Knowing the past and being able to use its lessons are major responsibilities of all military professionals. The Joint Military Operations Historical Collection (JMOHC) presents historical events that illustrate Joint Doctrine principles in Joint Force Employment. The selected US joint military operations include historical and modern operations that teach us universal lessons directly applicable to Joint Force Employment. The military actions covered in the JMOHC helped shape our current Joint Doctrine. By studying, understanding, and practicing this doctrine, we will enhance joint warfighting throughout the Armed Forces of the United States.Among the historic incidents covered: Grenada, Panama, Haiti, Gettysburg, Civil War, Korean War, Caesar in Britain, von Moltke, World War I, Hannibal, Operation Chromite, Operation Urgent Fury, Operation Just Cause, Desert Shield, Desert Storm, Somalia, Uphold Democracy.The Joint Military Operations Historical Collection (JMOHC) complements joint doctrine by providing historical military operations that illustrate fundamental principles of joint operations. These historical joint operations teach primary lessons in planning, deploying, and employing joint forces. The JMOHC has been developed to help military students, action officers, and planners understand key principles of Joint Force Employment. Joint doctrine is largely developed from the lessons of past operations. The JMOHC distills seven case histories for their relevance to Joint Force Employment and fundamental principles of joint doctrine. This document examines general principles of Joint Force Employment to link relevant historical lessons to current planning and joint operations. Each of the historical operations illustrates how fundamental joint doctrine principles were applied in specific circumstances. Military students and practitioners are invited to compare the case histories in this book to today's joint operations and principles to stimulate original thought and effective responses to future military challenges. Great leaders have always studied history. In their study they hope to see not only what happened but why. What were the processes that led to a certain action? Why was one action successful and another a failure? How can these lessons learned be used to help US forces fight as a team? Military personnel should take the time to read, study, and reflect upon thousands of years of recorded military history. Thucydides, Sun Tzu, Napoleon, and others have much to offer today's leaders. While historical case studies can extend the experience base of today's commanders and senior staff officers they should not, however, be viewed as a checklist for future operations. The purpose of the historical study is to stimulate thought, not rote imitation.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * MILITARY INCIDENT #1: THE IMPORTANCE OF TACTICS * MILITARY INCIDENT #2: BUILDING ON EXPERIENCE * CHAPTER I - VICKSBURG * MILITARY INCIDENT #3: THE PRICE OF POOR PLANNING * CHAPTER II - OPERATION CHROMITE * MILITARY INCIDENT #4: THE PRICE OF INFLEXIBILITY * CHAPTER III - OPERATION URGENT FURY * MILITARY INCIDENT #5: UNITY OF COMMAND * CHAPTER IV - OPERATION JUST CAUSE * MILITARY INCIDENT #6: FORCE WITHOUT CONCEPT * CHAPTER V - OPERATIONS DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM * MILITARY INCIDENT #7: FACING THE UNEXPECTED AND UNTHINKABLE * CHAPTER VI - OPERATIONS IN SOMALIA * MILITARY INCIDENT #8: NEW MISSIONS, EARLY STRATEGIES * CHAPTER VII - OPERATION UPHOLD DEMOCRACY * APPENDIX A - REFERENCES * APPENDIX B - RECENT JOINT HISTORY OFFICE PUBLICATIONS * GLOSSARY
Establishing A Lessons Learned Program
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Author : United States Army
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2011-07
Establishing A Lessons Learned Program written by United States Army and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07 with categories.
For many years, the U.S. Army recognized the need to share information or lessons gained from training and actual combat operations. During World War II and the Korean War, the Army published "combat bulletins" in an attempt to share combat experiences with other Soldiers. During the Vietnam War, Army units published quarterly operational reports that made an effort to share lessons from combat operations. By doing this, units learned from the mistakes others made and were given an opportunity to avoid the same problems. Although these procedures were successful, the Army did not have a formal or permanent program in place to collect, analyze, and share lessons in both peacetime and wartime. As a result, the Army established the Center for Army Lessons Learned (CALL) in 1985. The Army had officially recognized the need to share lessons gained from training experiences and actual combat operations. Since the inception of CALL, the Army, as a learning organization, greatly evolved over time. CALL also evolved. Now, military communities, civilian governmental agencies, and the corporate world recognize the importance of sharing knowledge and learning from past experiences. In many ways, the U.S Army led this effort by allowing commanders to make honest mistakes in training, talk about those mistakes openly, and share what was done to correct those mistakes with other units about to undergo the same training experience. This is an essential precondition for having an effective lessons learned (LL) program: the ability to self-analyze and self-criticize in an atmosphere where there is no blame. The results were instrumental in changing the Army and creating a learning environment that won the Cold War, ensured victory in Desert Storm, and continues to support our Soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan today.
Task Force Smith Korea
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Author : J. Garrett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-07-18
Task Force Smith Korea written by J. Garrett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-18 with categories.
"No more Task Force Smiths" - This catchphrase is used to express a desire to avoid the perceived mistakes that lead to the defeat of Task Force Smith during the opening days of the Korean War. It deployed and was decimated by the North Korean advance. The defeat has generally been blamed on poor training, poor leadership and poor equipment. The real cause for the failure, however, has been ignored.Task Force Smith was deployed to the Korean Theater without any concept of how and why it was to be employed. During the initial phase of the Korean War, the United States forces were repeatedly thrown into battle against the North Koreans without any real reflection, but under the illusion that it was better to do something than nothing. This book explores what happened to Task Force Smith and why. The lesson never learned is that the understanding of military science and the operational art, not technology, plays the greatest role in victory or defeat.
Understanding The Korean War
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Author : Arthur H. Mitchell
language : en
Publisher: McFarland
Release Date : 2013-07-30
Understanding The Korean War written by Arthur H. Mitchell and has been published by McFarland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-30 with History categories.
This is a study of the Korean War of 1950-1953 from the inside--the nuts and bolts of armed conflict. The perspective is American, with the principal focus on the relationships of the people involved: North and South Koreans, the Chinese and Soviets, and how the U.S. and its allies engaged with them all. The lives of ordinary soldiers are examined--U.S. forces, with attention paid to the other side as well. The book examines such important aspects of military operations as supplies, equipment and weapons, tactics and strategy, intelligence, and psychological warfare, as well as the effective elimination of racial segregation in the U.S. military. Also studied is the vexing matter of prisoners of war, on both sides. Finally, there is an effort to fit Korea into the generalities of American military experience in Asia, from the war with Japan to Vietnam.
Ebb And Flow
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Author : Billy Mossman
language : en
Publisher: St, .John's Press
Release Date : 2016-04-03
Ebb And Flow written by Billy Mossman and has been published by St, .John's Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-03 with categories.
This volume completes the general survey of combat operations in Korea that began with the publication in 1960 of Roy Appleman's South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu. It will be followed by a study of theater logistics and an order of battle which, along with the recently published Medics' War, will comprise the series of official Army histories of America's so-called forgotten war. Ebb and Flow records an important chapter in the Korean War. It begins with the last weeks of the pell-mell rush of United Nations forces to the Chinese border and goes on to describe in great detail the test of American military leadership and resources posed by the taxing retreat of the Eighth Army and X Corps across the frozen wastes of North Korea. It also examines the special problems posed to a fighting army during the deadly months of stalemate in the summer of 1951. The part of the war described in this volume raises many questions for the military strategist and provides a treasure trove of lessons for the student of the art of war. The book emphasizes the limitations imposed by terrain and weather on the fighting capabilities of an American army facing surprise attack from a large, disciplined enemy. The operations it describes in such careful detail will help vivify the principles of war for those who would study the profession of arms.
Air Power In The Korean War
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Air Power In The Korean War written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
This technology project focuses on the Korean War from the U.S. Air Force perspective. It details the start of the war and possible causes. It outlines major players in the war to include President Truman, FEC Commanders MacArthur, Ridgway, and Clark, and FEAF Commanders Stratemeyer and Weyland. The product then chronicles major events of the war in time slices from one month to two years long. Major operations discussed include: the Inchon landing, maintenance of the Pusan Perimeter, the railway interdiction campaign, Operation Strangle, and Operation Saturate. The product lists and compares aircraft in the opposing air forces. It ends with lessons learned from the Korean War. This product is written from the U.S. Air Force perspective and, therefore, does not detail ground campaigns, nor Navy or Marine air operations. The extensive operation of air-lifters is not discussed. The tremendous effort put forth by UN partners in this conflict is also beyond the scope of this product.