Optical Systems For Soft X Rays

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Optical Systems For Soft X Rays

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Author : A.G. Michette
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Optical Systems For Soft X Rays written by A.G. Michette and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

A fundamental problem in cell biology is the cause of aging. The solution to this problem has not yet been obtained because,(l) until recently, it was not possible to image living cells directly. The use of low-energy (soft) X rays has made such imaging possible, perhaps thereby allowing the aging process to be understood and possibly overcome (a result that may well generate further social, moral, and ethical problems). Fortun ately this is not the only aspect of cell biology amenable to soft X-ray imaging, and it is envisaged that many less controversial studies--such as investigations of the detailed differences between healthy and diseased or malignant cells (in their natural states) and processes of cell division and growth-will be made possible. The use of soft X rays is not limited to biological studies-many applications are possible in, for example, fusion research, materials science, and astronomy. Such studies have only recently begun in earnest because several difficulties had to be overcome, major among these being the lack (for some purposes) of sufficiently intense sources, and the technological difficulties associated with making efficient optical systems. As is well known, the advent of dedicated synchrotron radiation sources, in particular, has alleviated the first of these difficulties, not just for the soft X-ray region. It is the purpose of this book to consider progress in the second.

Soft X Rays And Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation

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Author : David Attwood
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-02-22

Soft X Rays And Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation written by David Attwood and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This detailed, comprehensive book describes the fundamental properties of soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and discusses their applications in a wide variety of fields, including EUV lithography for semiconductor chip manufacture and soft X-ray biomicroscopy. The author begins by presenting the relevant basic principles such as radiation and scattering, wave propagation, diffraction, and coherence. He then goes on to examine a broad range of phenomena and applications. The topics covered include spectromicroscopy, EUV astronomy, synchrotron radiation, and soft X-ray lasers. The author also provides a wealth of useful reference material such as electron binding energies, characteristic emission lines and photo-absorption cross-sections. The book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences. It will also appeal to practising engineers involved in semiconductor fabrication and materials science.

X Ray Optics

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Author : Yuri Shvyd'ko
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-06-25

X Ray Optics written by Yuri Shvyd'ko and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-25 with Science categories.

The generation of radiation with well-defined frequency and wavelength, and the ability to precisely determine these quantities, are of fundamental importance in physics and other natural sciences. Monochromatic radiation enables both very accurate structure determinations and studies of the dynamics of living and non-living matter. It is crucial for the realization of standards of time and length, for the determination of fundamental constants, and for many other aspects of basic research. Bragg backscattering from perfect crystals is a tool for creating, manipulating, and analyzing x-rays with highest spectral purity. It has the unique feature of selecting x-rays with narrow spectral bandwidth. This book describes the theoretical foundations and principles of x-ray crystal optics with high spectral resolution. Various experimental studies and applications are presented and the author also addresses the development of instrumentation, such as high-resolution x-ray monochromators, analyzers, wavelength meters, resonators, and interferometers. The book will be a valuable source of information for all students and researchers working in the field of x-ray optics.

Nanoscale Photonic Imaging

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Author : Tim Salditt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-09

Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-09 with Science categories.

This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.

Vuv And Soft X Ray Photoionization

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Author : Uwe Becker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1996-08-31

Vuv And Soft X Ray Photoionization written by Uwe Becker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-08-31 with Science categories.

Leading investigators offer the first comprehensive study of gas phase photoionization research in the VUV and soft X-ray regime since the massive employment of synchrotron radiation as a spectroscopic tool. Chapters cover all aspects of photoionization phenomena from total cross sections to highly differentiated measurements such as coincidence experiments and spin-resolved electron spectroscopy. This work is abundant with illustrations.

Soft X Ray Optics And Technology

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Author : Ernst-Eckhard Koch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987

Soft X Ray Optics And Technology written by Ernst-Eckhard Koch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Grenz rays categories.

X Rays And Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation

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Author : David Attwood
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-02-16

X Rays And Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation written by David Attwood and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.

With this fully updated second edition, readers will gain a detailed understanding of the physics and applications of modern X-ray and EUV radiation sources. Taking into account the most recent improvements in capabilities, coverage is expanded to include new chapters on free electron lasers (FELs), laser high harmonic generation (HHG), X-ray and EUV optics, and nanoscale imaging; a completely revised chapter on spatial and temporal coherence; and extensive discussion of the generation and applications of femtosecond and attosecond techniques. Readers will be guided step by step through the mathematics of each topic, with over 300 figures, 50 reference tables and 600 equations enabling easy understanding of key concepts. Homework problems, a solutions manual for instructors, and links to YouTube lectures accompany the book online. This is the 'go-to' guide for graduate students, researchers and industry practitioners interested in X-ray and EUV interaction with matter.

Modern Developments In X Ray And Neutron Optics

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Author : Alexei Erko
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-04-14

Modern Developments In X Ray And Neutron Optics written by Alexei Erko and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This volume describes modern developments in reflective, refractive and diffractive optics for short wavelength radiation. It also covers recent theoretical approaches to modelling and ray-tracing the x-ray and neutron optical systems. It is based on the joint research activities of specialists in x-ray and neutron optics, working together under the framework of the European Programme for Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST, Action P7) in the period 2002-2006.

Advanced Silicon Semiconducting Silicon Alloy Based Materials Devices

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Author : Jo Nijs
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-05-30

Advanced Silicon Semiconducting Silicon Alloy Based Materials Devices written by Jo Nijs and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-30 with Science categories.

One of the first books to cover advanced silicon-based technologies, Advanced Silicon and Semiconducting Silicon Alloy-Based Materials and Devices presents important directions for research into silicon, its alloy-based semiconducting devices, and its development in commercial applications. The first section deals with single/mono crystalline silicon, focusing on the effects of heavy doping; the structure and electronic properties of defects and their impact on devices; the MBE of silicon, silicon alloys, and metals; CVD techniques for silicon and silicon germanium; the material properties of silicon germanium strained layers; silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar applications; FETs, IR detectors, and resonant tunneling devices in silicon, silicon germanium, and d-doped silicon; and the fascinating properties of crystalline silicon carbide and its applications. The second section explores polycrystalline silicon. It examines large grain polysilicon substrates for solar cells; the properties, analysis, and modeling of polysilicon TFTs; the technology of polysilicon TFTs in LCD displays; and the use of polycrystalline silicon and its alloys in VLSI applications. With contributors from leading academic and industrial research centers, this book provides wide coverage of fabrication techniques, material properties, and device applications.

Official Gazette Of The United States Patent And Trademark Office

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Author : United States. Patent and Trademark Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Official Gazette Of The United States Patent And Trademark Office written by United States. Patent and Trademark Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Patents categories.