Oscillations In Neural Systems
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Oscillations In Neural Systems
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Author : Daniel S. Levine
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1999-09
Oscillations In Neural Systems written by Daniel S. Levine and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-09 with Psychology categories.
This book is the fourth in a series based on conferences sponsored by the Metroplex Institute for Neural Dynamics (MIND), an interdisciplinary organization of Dallas-Fort Worth area neural network professionals in both academia and industry. This topic was chosen as the focus for this special issue because of the increasing interest by neuroscientists and psychologists in both rhythmic and chaotic activity patterns observed in the nervous system. Neither the mathematical structure of neural oscillations nor their functional significance is precisely understood. There are a great many open problems in both the structure and function of neural oscillations, whether rhythmic, chaotic, or a combination of the two, and many of these problems are dealt with in the chapters of this book.
Multimodal Oscillation Based Connectivity Theory
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Author : Satu Palva
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-06
Multimodal Oscillation Based Connectivity Theory written by Satu Palva and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-06 with Medical categories.
Systems-level neuronal mechanisms that coordinate the temporally, anatomically, and functionally distributed neuronal activity into coherent cognitive operations in the human brain have remained poorly understood. In humans, neuronal oscillations and synchronization can be recorded non-invasively with electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) that have excellent temporal resolution and an adequate spatial resolution when combined with source-reconstruction methods. In this book, leading authors in the field describe how recent methodological advances have paved the way to several major breakthroughs in the observations of large-scale synchrony from human non-invasive MEG data. This volume also presents the caveats influencing analyses of synchronization. These include the non-homogeneous sensitivity of MEG to superficial cortical sources, and, most importantly, the multitude of consequences of linear mixing. Linear mixing is an immense confounder in the sensor-level analyses of synchronization, but is also present at the source level. Approaches that can be used to avoid or compensate for these issues are then discussed. Thereafter, several authors take up a number of the functional roles that large-scale synchronization has in cognition. The authors assess how the spatio–temporal and –spectral organization and strength of both local and large-scale synchronized networks are associated with conscious sensory perception, visual working memory functions, and attention. These chapters summarize several lines of research showing how the strength of local and inter-areal oscillations in both cortical and subcortical brain structures is correlated with cognitive functions. Together these data suggest that synchronized neuronal oscillations may be a systems-level neuronal mechanism underlying the coordination of distributed processing in human cognition. In line with this argument, other authors go on to describe how oscillations and synchronization are altered in clinical populations, complementing the data presented on healthy subjects. Importantly, this book includes chapters from authors using many different approaches to the analyses of neuronal oscillations, ranging from local oscillatory activities to the usage of graph theoretical tools in the analyses of synchronization. In this way the present volume provides a comprehensive view on the analyses and functional significance of neuronal oscillations in humans. This book is aimed at doctoral and post-doctoral students as well as research scientists in the fields of cognitive neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and neurosciences.
Brain Oscillations In Human Communication
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Author : Anne Keitel
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-04-20
Brain Oscillations In Human Communication written by Anne Keitel and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-20 with categories.
Brain oscillations, or neural rhythms, reflect widespread functional connections between large-scale neural networks, as well as within cortical networks. As such they have been related to many aspects of human behaviour. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the role of brain oscillations at distinct frequency bands in cognitive, sensory and motor tasks. Consequentially, those rhythms also affect diverse aspects of human communication. On the one hand, this comprises verbal communication; a field where the understanding of neural mechanisms has seen huge advances in recent years. Speech is inherently organised in a rhythmic manner. For example, time scales of phonemes and syllables, but also formal prosodic aspects such as intonation and stress, fall into distinct frequency bands. Likewise, neural rhythms in the brain play a role in speech segmentation and coding of continuous speech at multiple time scales, as well as in the production of speech. On the other hand, human communication involves widespread and diverse nonverbal aspects where the role of neural rhythms is far less understood. This can be the enhancement of speech processing through visual signals, thought to be guided via brain oscillations, or the conveying of emotion, which results in differential rhythmic modulations in the observer. Additionally, body movements and gestures often have a communicative purpose and are known to modulate sensorimotor rhythms in the observer. This Research Topic of Frontiers in Human Neuroscience highlights the diverse aspects of human communication that are shaped by rhythmic activity in the brain. Relevant contributions are presented from various fields including cognitive and social neuroscience, neuropsychiatry, and methodology. As such they provide important new insights into verbal and non-verbal communication, pathological changes, and methodological innovations.
Artificial Neural Networks
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Author : Lipo Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Artificial Neural Networks written by Lipo Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Computers categories.
Oscillatory Neural Networks
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Author : Margarita G. Kuzmina
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2013-11-27
Oscillatory Neural Networks written by Margarita G. Kuzmina and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-27 with Science categories.
Understanding of the human brain functioning currently represents a challenging problem. In contrast to usual serial computers and complicated hierarchically organized artificial man-made systems, decentralized, parallel and distributed information processing principles are inherent to the brain. Besides adaptation and learning, which play a crucial role in brain functioning, oscillatory neural activity, synchronization and resonance accompany the brain work. Neural-like oscillatory network models, designed by the authors for image processing, allow to elucidate the capabilities of dynamical, synchronization-based types of image processing, presumably exploited by the brain. The oscillatory network models, studied by means of computer modeling and qualitative analysis, are presented and discussed in the book. Some other problems of parallel distributed information processing are also considered, such as a recall process from network memory for large-scale recurrent associative memory neural networks, performance of oscillatory networks of associative memory, dynamical oscillatory network methods of image processing with synchronization-based performance, optical parallel information processing based on the nonlinear optical phenomenon of photon echo, and modeling random electric fields of quasi-monochromatic polarized light beams using systems of superposed stochastic oscillators. This makes the book highly interesting to researchers dealing with various aspects of parallel information processing.
Neural Nets And Chaotic Carriers
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Author : Peter Whittle
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Release Date : 2010
Neural Nets And Chaotic Carriers written by Peter Whittle and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Computers categories.
Neural Nets and Chaotic Carriers develops rational principles for the design of associative memories, with a view to applying these principles to models with irregularly oscillatory operation so evident in biological neural systems, and necessitated by the meaninglessness of absolute signal levels. Design is based on the criterion that an associative memory must be able to cope with 'fading data', i.e., to form an inference from the data even as its memory of that data degrades. The resultant net shows striking biological parallels. When these principles are combined with the Freeman specification of a neural oscillator, some remarkable effects emerge. For example, the commonly-observed phenomenon of neuronal bursting appears, with gamma-range oscillation modulated by a low-frequency square-wave oscillation (the escapement 'oscillation'). Bridging studies and new results of artificial and biological neural networks, the book has a strong research character. It is, on the other hand, accessible to non-specialists for its concise exposition on the basics.
Criticality In Neural Systems
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Author : Dietmar Plenz
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-04-14
Criticality In Neural Systems written by Dietmar Plenz and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-14 with Computers categories.
Leading authorities in the field review current experimental and theoretical knowledge on criticality and brain function. The book begins by summarizing experimental evidence for criticality and self-organized criticality in the brain. Subsequently, important breakthroughs in modeling of critical neuronal circuits and how to establish self-organized criticality in the brain are described. A milestone publication, defining upcoming directions of research in this new fi eld and set to become the primary source of information on the brain and criticality.
Neural Nets And Chaotic Carriers
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Author : Peter Whittle
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2010-07-29
Neural Nets And Chaotic Carriers written by Peter Whittle and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-29 with Science categories.
Neural Nets and Chaotic Carriers develops rational principles for the design of associative memories, with a view to applying these principles to models with irregularly oscillatory operation so evident in biological neural systems, and necessitated by the meaninglessness of absolute signal levels. Design is based on the criterion that an associative memory must be able to cope with “fading data”, i.e., to form an inference from the data even as its memory of that data degrades. The resultant net shows striking biological parallels. When these principles are combined with the Freeman specification of a neural oscillator, some remarkable effects emerge. For example, the commonly-observed phenomenon of neuronal bursting appears, with gamma-range oscillation modulated by a low-frequency square-wave oscillation (the “escapement oscillation”). Bridging studies and new results of artificial and biological neural networks, the book has a strong research character. It is, on the other hand, accessible to non-specialists for its concise exposition on the basics. Contents:Opening and Themes:Introduction and AspirationsOptimal Statistical ProceduresLinear Links and Nonlinear Knots: The Basic Neural NetBifurcations and ChaosAssociative and Storage Memories:What is a Memory? The Hamming and Hopfield NetsCompound and ‘Spurious’ TracesPreserving Plasticity: A Bayesian ApproachThe Key Task: The Fixing of Fading Data. Conclusions IPerformance of the Probability-Maximising AlgorithmOther Memories — Other ConsiderationsOscillatory Operation and the Biological Model:Neuron Models and Neural MassesFreeman Oscillators — Solo and in ConcertAssociative Memories Incorporating the Freeman OscillatorOlfactory Comparisons. Conclusions IITransmission Delays Readership: Professionals and graduates in areas associated with artificial neural networks. Keywords:Neural Nets;Associative Memory;Freeman Oscillator;Neuronal Bursting;Olfactory System
The Relevance Of The Time Domain To Neural Network Models
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Author : A. Ravishankar Rao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-09-18
The Relevance Of The Time Domain To Neural Network Models written by A. Ravishankar Rao and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-18 with Medical categories.
A significant amount of effort in neural modeling is directed towards understanding the representation of information in various parts of the brain, such as cortical maps [6], and the paths along which sensory information is processed. Though the time domain is integral an integral aspect of the functioning of biological systems, it has proven very challenging to incorporate the time domain effectively in neural network models. A promising path that is being explored is to study the importance of synchronization in biological systems. Synchronization plays a critical role in the interactions between neurons in the brain, giving rise to perceptual phenomena, and explaining multiple effects such as visual contour integration, and the separation of superposed inputs. The purpose of this book is to provide a unified view of how the time domain can be effectively employed in neural network models. A first direction to consider is to deploy oscillators that model temporal firing patterns of a neuron or a group of neurons. There is a growing body of research on the use of oscillatory neural networks, and their ability to synchronize under the right conditions. Such networks of synchronizing elements have been shown to be effective in image processing and segmentation tasks, and also in solving the binding problem, which is of great significance in the field of neuroscience. The oscillatory neural models can be employed at multiple scales of abstraction, ranging from individual neurons, to groups of neurons using Wilson-Cowan modeling techniques and eventually to the behavior of entire brain regions as revealed in oscillations observed in EEG recordings. A second interesting direction to consider is to understand the effect of different neural network topologies on their ability to create the desired synchronization. A third direction of interest is the extraction of temporal signaling patterns from brain imaging data such as EEG and fMRI. Hence this Special Session is of emerging interest in the brain sciences, as imaging techniques are able to resolve sufficient temporal detail to provide an insight into how the time domain is deployed in cognitive function. The following broad topics will be covered in the book: Synchronization, phase-locking behavior, image processing, image segmentation, temporal pattern analysis, EEG analysis, fMRI analyis, network topology and synchronizability, cortical interactions involving synchronization, and oscillatory neural networks. This book will benefit readers interested in the topics of computational neuroscience, applying neural network models to understand brain function, extracting temporal information from brain imaging data, and emerging techniques for image segmentation using oscillatory networks
Dynamic Brain From Neural Spikes To Behaviors
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Author : Maria Marinaro
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-10-11
Dynamic Brain From Neural Spikes To Behaviors written by Maria Marinaro and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-11 with Computers categories.
This volume contains invited and contributed papers presented at the 12th edition of the International Summer School on Neural Networks "Eduardo R. Caianiello," co-organized by the RIKEN BSI (Japan) and the Department of Physics of the U- versity of Salerno (Italy). The 12th edition of the school was directed by Maria Marinaro (University of Salerno), Silvia Scarpetta (University of Salerno) and Yoko Yamaguchi (RIKEN BSI Japan) and hosted in the Ettore Majoranca Center in Erice in Italy. The contributions collected in this book are aimed at providing primarily high-level tutorial coverage of the fields related to neural dynamics, reporting recent experim- tal and theoretical results investigating the role of collective dynamics in hippocampal and parahippocampal regions and in the mammalian olfactory system. This book is devoted to graduate students and researchers with different scientific background (including physics, mathematics, biology, neuroscience, etc.) who wish to learn about brain science beyond the boundary of their fields. Each lecture aimed to include basic guidance in each field. Topics of lectures include the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex dynamics and mammalian olfactory system dynamics, memory and phase coding, mechanisms for spatial navigation and for episodic memory function, oscillations in neural assemblies, cortical up and down states, and related topics where frontier efforts in recent decades have been successfully linked to a remarkable evolution of the field. April 2008 M. Marinaro S. Scarpetta Y. Yamaguchi