Pakistan Army Legislator Judge And Executioner
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Pakistan Army Legislator Judge And Executioner
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Author : Wing Commander (Dr) U C Jha
language : en
Publisher: KW Publishers Pvt Ltd
Release Date : 2016-08-15
Pakistan Army Legislator Judge And Executioner written by Wing Commander (Dr) U C Jha and has been published by KW Publishers Pvt Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-15 with History categories.
Almost every state in the world has an army to protect it from external aggression, except in the case of Pakistan, where the relationship between the ‘state’ and the ‘army’ is in the reverse order. The Pakistan Army has the ‘state’. The army has governed the ‘state’ directly during half of its existence and in the remaining half of its history indirectly. The Pakistan Army has also ensured that other independent organs of the state—executive and the judiciary—function under its shadow. The army has another unique feature ; it runs the biggest business conglomerate that owns everything from factories and bakeries to farmland and golf courses. In 2015, the Parliament by a two-third majority handed over another responsibility to the army—trial of civilians in military courts—on the ground that the criminal justice system and the civilian judiciary are incapable of handling the cases pertaining to terrorists. As the trials in summary military courts fall short as compared to national or international fair-trial standards, the risk of serious miscarriage of justice cannot be rules out. Several armed conflicts are taking place in Pakistan in which the armed forces and its allies on war on terrorism—especially the military of the United States of America (USA)—are involved in fighting several groups of militants and terrorists. The USA as well as the Pakistan military have used lethal drones against the citizens of Pakistan. The military’s involvement on war on terror has led to devastating results in terms of loss of life, destruction of property; besides they have also been responsible for enforced disappearances, a serious crime against humanity. This book analyses the Military Justice System of Pakistan and makes an assessment of its international obligations under the international human rights law and the laws of armed conflict.
The Evolution Of Military Law In India
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Author : Dr U C Jha
language : en
Publisher: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd
Release Date : 2020-02-04
The Evolution Of Military Law In India written by Dr U C Jha and has been published by Vij Books India Pvt Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-04 with Law categories.
The earliest completed code of the British army dates back to the 14th century when the “Statutes, Ordinances and Customs” were issued by Richard II to his Army in 1385 on the occasion of war with France. These statutes called “Articles” or “Ordinances of War” were issued under the prerogative power of the Crown. The earlier Articles were of excessive severity prescribing death or loss of limb as punishment for almost every crime. There were thousands of instances of accused native soldiers being blown from a gun on the orders of their commander. As minor punishment, an accused could be branded with hot iron for swearing. He could even be flogged in public or ordered to ride the wooden horse. This book provides an insight into the origin and development of the legal system of the Indian Army from the year 1600 to 1947 including that of the Navy and Air Force. A total of 40 statutes passed by the British Parliament and the Articles of War issued by the Crown for governing the military forces during that period have been included. This book is for military historians, military personnel, military lawyers, academics, journalists, and those with an interest or professional involvement in the subject.
The Judicial Application Of Human Rights Law
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Author : Nihal Jayawickrama
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-12-12
The Judicial Application Of Human Rights Law written by Nihal Jayawickrama and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-12 with Law categories.
10 The right to life
Law State And Society In Modern Iran
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Author : H. Enayat
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-07-17
Law State And Society In Modern Iran written by H. Enayat and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-17 with History categories.
Using a 'Historical Institutionalist' approach, this book sheds light on a relatively understudied dimension of state-building in early twentieth century Iran, namely the quest for judicial reform and the rule of law from the 1906 Constitutional Revolution to the end of Reza Shah's rule in 1941.
The Bible What It Is By Iconoclast
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Author : Charles Bradlaugh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1857
The Bible What It Is By Iconoclast written by Charles Bradlaugh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1857 with Bible categories.
Amnesty International Report 2012
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Author : Amnesty International
language : en
Publisher: Amnesty International British Section
Release Date : 2012-05-01
Amnesty International Report 2012 written by Amnesty International and has been published by Amnesty International British Section this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-01 with Law categories.
The Amnesty International Report 2012 documents the state of human rights in 155 countries and territories in 2011. Throughout the year the demand for human rights resounded around the globe. The year began with protests in countries where freedom of expression and freedom of assemblywere routinely repressed. But by the end of the year, discontent and outrage at the failure of governments to ensure justice, security and human dignity had ignited protests across the world. A common strand linking these protests, whether in Cairo or New York, was how quick governments were to prevent peaceful protest and silence dissent. Those who took to the streets displayed immense courage in the face of often brutal crackdowns and overwhelming use of lethal force. In a year of unrest, transition and conflict, too many people are still denied their most basic rights. As demands for better governance and respect for human rights grow, this report shows that world leaders have yet to rise to the challenge.
These Fellows Must Be Eliminated
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Author : Human Rights Watch (Organization)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
These Fellows Must Be Eliminated written by Human Rights Watch (Organization) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Counterinsurgency categories.
Background : conflict in Manipur -- The killing of Thangjam Manorama Devi -- Human rights violations by government forces in Manipur -- The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act -- Recommendations -- Acknowledgements.
The Terrorist Prince
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Author : Raja Anwar
language : en
Publisher: Verso
Release Date : 1997-11-17
The Terrorist Prince written by Raja Anwar and has been published by Verso this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-11-17 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Murtaza Bhutto, 1954-1996, political leader from Pakistan.
Abolishing Nuclear Weapons
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Author : George Perkovich
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-10-03
Abolishing Nuclear Weapons written by George Perkovich and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-03 with History categories.
Nuclear disarmament is firmly back on the international agenda. But almost all current thinking on the subject is focused on the process of reducing the number of weapons from thousands to hundreds. This rigorous analysis examines the challenges that exist to abolishing nuclear weapons completely, and suggests what can be done now to start overcoming them. The paper argues that the difficulties of 'getting to zero' must not preclude many steps being taken in that direction. It thus begins by examining steps that nuclear-armed states could take in cooperation with others to move towards a world in which the task of prohibiting nuclear weapons could be realistically envisaged. The remainder of the paper focuses on the more distant prospect of prohibiting nuclear weapons, beginning with the challenge of verifying the transition from low numbers to zero. It moves on to examine how the civilian nuclear industry could be managed in a nuclear-weapons-free world so as to prevent rearmament. The paper then considers what political-security conditions would be required to make a nuclear-weapons ban enforceable and explores how enforcement might work in practice. Finally, it addresses the latent capability to produce nuclear weapons that would inevitably exist after abolition, and asks whether this is a barrier to disarmament, or whether it can be managed to meet the security needs of a world newly free of the bomb.
Your Post Has Been Removed
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Author : Frederik Stjernfelt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-01-01
Your Post Has Been Removed written by Frederik Stjernfelt and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-01 with Freedom of speech categories.
This open access monograph argues established democratic norms for freedom of expression should be implemented on the internet. Moderating policies of tech companies as Facebook, Twitter and Google have resulted in posts being removed on an industrial scale. While this moderation is often encouraged by governments - on the pretext that terrorism, bullying, pornography, "hate speech" and "fake news" will slowly disappear from the internet - it enables tech companies to censure our society. It is the social media companies who define what is blacklisted in their community standards. And given the dominance of social media in our information society, we run the risk of outsourcing the definition of our principles for discussion in the public domain to private companies. Instead of leaving it to social media companies only to take action, the authors argue democratic institutions should take an active role in moderating criminal content on the internet. To make this possible, tech companies should be analyzed whether they are approaching a monopoly. Antitrust legislation should be applied to bring those monopolies within democratic governmental oversight. Despite being in different stages in their lives, Anne Mette is in the startup phase of her research career, while Frederik is one of the most prolific philosophers in Denmark, the authors found each other in their concern about Free Speech on the internet. The book was originally published in Danish as Dit opslag er blevet fjernet - techgiganter & ytringsfrihed. Praise for 'Your Post has been Removed' "From my perspective both as a politician and as private book collector, this is the most important non-fiction book of the 21st Century. It should be disseminated to all European citizens. The learnings of this book and the use we make of them today are crucial for every man, woman and child on earth. Now and in the future." Jens Rohde, member of the European Parliament for the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe "This timely book compellingly presents an impressive array of information and analysis about the urgent threats the tech giants pose to the robust freedom of speech and access to information that are essential for individual liberty and democratic self-government. It constructively explores potential strategies for restoring individual control over information flows to and about us. Policymakers worldwide should take heed!" Nadine Strossen, Professor, New York Law School. Author, HATE: Why We Should Resist It with Free Speech, Not Censorship.