Pancreatic Stem Cells
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Pancreatic Stem Cells
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Author : Juan Domínguez-Bendala
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-02-10
Pancreatic Stem Cells written by Juan Domínguez-Bendala and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-10 with Science categories.
From the discovery of Pdx1, the first “master gene” of pancreatic development, to the most recent findings on the role of microRNAs in beta cell homeostasis, the last fifteen years have seen an unprecedented advance in our understanding of the precise development and organization of the many different cell types that make up the pancreas. It is now widely acknowledged that the therapeutic differentiation of stem cells into pancreatic cells is an ambitious endeavor that will not succeed without a thorough understanding of the molecular processes underlying the native development of the organ. This book, aimed at experts and students alike, offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in both pancreatic development and regeneration. The many strategies to differentiate adult and embryonic stem cells into pancreatic beta cells are also discussed in the context of potential therapeutic interventions for type I diabetes.
Pancreatic Stem Cells
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Author : Juan Domínguez-Bendala
language : en
Publisher: Humana Press
Release Date : 2010-11-16
Pancreatic Stem Cells written by Juan Domínguez-Bendala and has been published by Humana Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-16 with Science categories.
From the discovery of Pdx1, the first “master gene” of pancreatic development, to the most recent findings on the role of microRNAs in beta cell homeostasis, the last fifteen years have seen an unprecedented advance in our understanding of the precise development and organization of the many different cell types that make up the pancreas. It is now widely acknowledged that the therapeutic differentiation of stem cells into pancreatic cells is an ambitious endeavor that will not succeed without a thorough understanding of the molecular processes underlying the native development of the organ. This book, aimed at experts and students alike, offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in both pancreatic development and regeneration. The many strategies to differentiate adult and embryonic stem cells into pancreatic beta cells are also discussed in the context of potential therapeutic interventions for type I diabetes.
Stem Cell Therapy For Diabetes
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Author : Shimon Efrat
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-12-01
Stem Cell Therapy For Diabetes written by Shimon Efrat and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-01 with Medical categories.
Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes, one of the latest installments of the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series, reviews the three main approaches for generation of sufficient numbers of insulin-producing cells for restoration of an adequate beta-cell mass: beta-cell expansion, stem-cell differentiation, and nuclear reprogramming. Adeptly collecting the research of the leading scientists in the field, Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes compares the merits of employing autologous versus banked allogeneic cell sources for generation of surrogate beta cells, and addresses tissue engineering and ways for cell protection from recurring autoimmunity and graft rejection. Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes provides essential reading for those especially interested in tracking the progress in applying of one of the most exciting new developments in bio-medicine towards a cure for diabetes.
Pancreas Islet And Stem Cell Transplantation For Diabetes
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Author : Nadey S. Hakim
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2010-08-26
Pancreas Islet And Stem Cell Transplantation For Diabetes written by Nadey S. Hakim and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-26 with Health & Fitness categories.
This new edition provides an authoritative account of the current status of whole organ pancreas transplantation and islet and pancreatic stem cell transplantation, reflecting recent advances in the field, including the growing interest in stem cell research applicable to this condition.
Pancreatic Islet Biology
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Author : Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-25
Pancreatic Islet Biology written by Anandwardhan A. Hardikar and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-25 with Science categories.
This comprehensive volume discusses in vitro laboratory development of insulin-producing cells. It encompasses multiple aspects of islet biology—from embryonic development and stem cell differentiation to clinical studies in islet transplantation, regulation of islet beta-cell regeneration, pancreatic progenitors, mathematical modelling of islet development, epigenetic regulation, and much more. The chapter authors represent leading laboratories from around the world who contribute their international perspectives and global expertise. Collectively, they provide the reader with a concise yet detailed knowledge of processes and current developments in islet regenerative biology. Pancreatic Islet Biology, part of the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series, is essential reading for researchers and clinicians in stem cells or endocrinology, especially those focusing on diabetes.
Role For Cell To Cell Communication In Stem Cell Specification Toward Pancreatic Progenitors
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Author : Wendy Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Role For Cell To Cell Communication In Stem Cell Specification Toward Pancreatic Progenitors written by Wendy Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Based on the established role of cell-to-cell communication as an important mechanism regulating developmental decisions during embryonic life, I investigated the expression pattern of Connexins (Cxs), the building blocks of Gap Junction channels, in the developing human pancreas, and in an in vitro model of pancreatic progenitor differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESC). I also investigated the role of [beta]1 integrins and an associated downstream effector, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), on islet development in mice. In a first series of experiments, I investigated the expression pattern of Cxs in the developing human pancreas. Results from these studies revealed that while Cx32 is predominantly expressed in the acinar tissue, Cx36 is primarily expressed in developing islet [beta]-cells. Cx43 exhibited the most interesting expression pattern, being primarily detected in putative islet cell progenitors that delaminate from the pancreatic ductal epithelium and aggregate with developing islet cell clusters. Building on these exciting findings, and based on the growing interest in defining mechanisms that drive islet cell progenitor development from populations of progenitors and stem cells, I decided to focus my subsequent studies primarily on the role of Cx43 during stem cell differentiation toward the islet cell lineage. Consequently, I focused on the analysis of Cx43 expression and function in stem cells during their differentiation along the pancreatic cell lineage, with a specific emphasis on its functional requirement for the induction of early pancreatic islet progenitors, as defined by the acquisition of the transcription factor Pdx1. The results from these experiments showed that Cx43 is expressed at high levels in Definitive Endoderm (DE) cells, as defined by expression of E-cadherin, FoxA2, and Sox17. Building on these results, I adopted a gain-of-function approach using AAP10, a Cx43 specific peptide that promotes Cx43 phosphorylation and causes constitutive activation (i.e. opening) of Cx43-Gap Junction channels. Results from these experiments show that AAP10 treatment positively affects the propensity of hESCs to adopt a DE phenotype. Gene expression analysis revealed significantly higher levels of FoxA2 and Sox17 transcripts in DE populations treated with AAP10, compared to untreated controls. This effect was correlated with larger Cx43 Gap Junction plaques. Finally, to investigate the developmental consequences of increasing Cx43 Gap Junction plaques by AAP10 treatment, I monitored the expression of Pdx1 and Nkx6.1, two transcription factors required for islet cell development and differentiation, at the end of the differentiation protocol. My results indicated that AAP10 treatment during the early stages of hESC differentiation lead to a robust increase in the number of Pdx1+ pancreatic progenitors, when compared to untreated cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the purposeful activation of Cx43 Gap Junction channels at the early stages of hESC commitment toward DE cells leads to higher yields of pancreatic progenitors during the directed differentiation of hESCs toward pancreatic cell lineages. My next set of experiments focused on the knockdown of Cx43 in the derivation of pancreatic progenitors from hESCs. Since gain-of-function studies showed a role of Cx43 in increasing the derivation of DE cell types, I hypothesized that knockdown of Cx43 would have the opposite effect. A targeted siRNA approach did show knockdown of Cx43, however, I observed multiple off target effects in mock and scramble transfections with this approach. Therefore, I moved to an shRNA approach specifically targeting Cx43. In these studies, I observed that targeted knockdown of Cx43 led to inhibition of Pdx1, Nkx6.1 and Insulin gene expression. Hence, these studies validated the requirement for Cx43 expression at the DE and PGT stages for hESC to effectively progress toward pancreatic endocrine progenitors. In parallel studies, based on the notion that Cx43 can also affect integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration1, and building on our laboratory's established experience on the role of integrin receptors as regulators of pancreatic progenitors cell adhesion, growth and differentiation2, I studied the role of [beta]1 integrins in islet cell development and function. For these investigations, I focused on a loss-of-function approach using a Cre-lox strategy that made use of an insulin promoter-driven DNA Cre recombinase, cross-bred to [beta]1 integrin-floxed mice3. The results of these studies showed that ablation of the [beta]1 integrin gene in developing [beta]-cells resulted in a dramatic reduction of the pancreatic [beta]-cell mass. Based on the observation that ablation of [beta]1 integrin caused a reduced expression of genes regulating cell cycle progression, we interpreted these results as being caused by a defective [beta]1 integrin signaling which in turn negatively impacted [beta]-cell expansion. Surprisingly, these mice were not diabetic, and their islet clusters showed normal architectural organization, and normal expression of mature [beta]-cell markers. Collectively, these results demonstrated that [beta]1 integrin receptors function as crucial positive regulators of [beta]-cell expansion. Building on these results, I investigated the role of downstream effectors of [beta]1 integrin signaling, and focused my efforts on the function of integrin linked kinase (ILK) on pancreatic development. The first set of experiments determined the localization of ILK within pancreatic cells. Immunostaining showed co-expression of ILK and [beta]1 integrins in the pancreatic epithelium. Next, I examined the impact of ILK inhibition by Cpd22 on pancreatic ductal cell proliferation using the G3LC and SU86 cell lines. ILK inhibition by Cpd22 resulted in a dramatic decrease in BrdU incorporation. Interestingly, inhibition of ILK by Cpd22 positively impacted the gene expression levels of insulin, Pdx1, and Cx36. Next, I conducted in vivo experiments focusing on the generation of knockout mice in which I targeted the ablation of ILK to early pancreatic progenitors using a Pdx1-Cre transgenic mice crossed with ILK-floxed mice. Preliminary results from these studies revealed that deletion of ILK in Pdx1+ pancreatic progenitors phenocopied our earlier animal model of [beta]1 integrin deletion in [beta]-cells3. I noticed that Pdx1-Cre/ILK-/- mice had a significantly reduced islet cell mass. Interestingly, Pdx1-Cre/ILK-/- mice exhibited a mild glucose intolerance in spite of a dramatic reduction in [beta]-cell mass. This is at variance with the [beta]1 integrin mutant mice which did not show a diabetic phenotype. These results open up an avenue to investigate if the Pdx1-Cre/ILK-/- phenotype is to be attributed to the reduced islet cell mass, or to a direct effect of loss on ILK function on insulin secretion. Together, these studies illuminate an important role for mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication in the development and function of pancreatic islet cells. Furthermore, the new approaches tested in our experiments of stem cell differentiation toward islet cells may contribute a significant improvement of current protocols for the derivation of islet [beta]-cells to be used as a possible cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes.
Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy For Diabetes
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Author : Lorenzo Piemonti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy For Diabetes written by Lorenzo Piemonti and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Pancreas Kidney And Skin Regeneration
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Author : Phuc Van Pham
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-07
Pancreas Kidney And Skin Regeneration written by Phuc Van Pham and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-07 with Science categories.
This invaluable resource discusses clinical applications with effects and side-effects of applications of stem cells in diabetes, kidney and wound treatment. All chapters are contributed by pre-eminent scientists in the field and covers such topics as stem cells and cell therapy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, wound and other skin aging diseases, characteristics of some kinds of stem/progenitor cells for therapy, future directions of the discussed therapies and much more. Pancreas, Kidney and Skin Regeneration and the other books in the Stem Cells in Clinical Applications series will be invaluable to scientists, researchers, advanced students and clinicians working in stem cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering.
Pancreatic Stem Cells
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Author : Fang-Xu Jiang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Pancreatic Stem Cells written by Fang-Xu Jiang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
Pancreatic Stem Cells: Unresolved Business.
Pancreatic Beta Cell In Health And Disease
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Author : Susumu Seino
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-04-08
Pancreatic Beta Cell In Health And Disease written by Susumu Seino and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-08 with Science categories.
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are the only cells in the body that produce and secrete insulin. This metabolic hormone plays a central role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. This book provides a comprehensive review of the beta cell in health and disease. The book’s primary aim is to encourage investigators to become actively involved in diabetes research and the search for new approaches to prevent and treat diabetes.