Parallel Imports Price Controls And Innovation
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Parallel Imports Price Controls And Innovation
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Author : Markus Reisinger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Parallel Imports Price Controls And Innovation written by Markus Reisinger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The impact of parallel trade on innovation in R&D-intensive industries, such as pharmaceuticals, is a hotly debated question in antitrust and IP policy. The well known argument that parallel trade dampens innovation by undermining firms' ability to price discriminate has been challenged by recent literature. The argument is that with endogenous price controls, parallel trade increases innovation by reducing governments' incentives to set particularly low price caps. In this paper, we show that this result crucially depends on the degree of homogeneity of the trading countries. The result only holds if consumers in poorer countries have a relatively similar demand for medication as consumers in richer countries. Instead, when countries are relatively heterogeneous, parallel trade dampens innovation and lowers welfare by exporting price cap regulation from poorer to richer countries. These findings are in line with recent case evidence. We also show that when patent length is endogenous, richer countries will tend to choose longer patent protection with parallel trade,whereas equilibrium price caps tend to be tighter in that case.
Parallel Imports And Price Controls
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Author : Gene M. Grossman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Parallel Imports And Price Controls written by Gene M. Grossman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Economic policy categories.
Price controls create opportunities for international arbitrage. Many have argued that such arbitrage, if tolerated, will undermine intellectual property rights and dull the incentives for investment in research-intensive industries such as pharmaceuticals. We challenge this orthodox view and show, to the contrary, that the pace of innovation often is faster in a world with international exhaustion of intellectual property rights than in one with national exhaustion. The key to our conclusion is to recognize that governments will make different choices of price controls when parallel imports are allowed by their trade partners than they will when they are not.
Parallel Imports Drag Price Control And Pharmaceutical Innovation
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Author : Ken Tabata
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Parallel Imports Drag Price Control And Pharmaceutical Innovation written by Ken Tabata and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Vertical Price Control And Parallel Imports
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Author : Keith Eugene Maskus
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000
Vertical Price Control And Parallel Imports written by Keith Eugene Maskus and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Foreign trade regulation categories.
Parallel imports are genuine products brought into a country without the authorization of the copyright, patent, or trademark owner. Countries vary considerably in their legal treatment of parallel imports, as determined by their choice of exhaustion doctrine. A new model analyzes parallel imports a a response to vertical pricing arrangements between a rights holder ("manufacturer") and a foreign distributor.
The Conflicts Between Parallel Trade And Product Access And Innovation
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Author : Harvey E. Bale
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Conflicts Between Parallel Trade And Product Access And Innovation written by Harvey E. Bale and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
In this paper, the case is laid out for restricting parallel trade in products protected by intellectual property rights, and pharmaceuticals in particular. The paper responds to three arguments made in favor of open parallel trade by its proponents, focusing on F. Abbott`s First Report (Final) on the Subject of Parallel Importation, [Journal of International Economic Law 1, 607-636]. First, it is argued that in the case of patented products with high fixed costs (e.g., pharmaceuticals), parallel trade may decrease global economic welfare. Attention is drawn to price controls within the EU member states as a distortion which is inconsistent with open market principles, yet not adequately accounted for by EU regulatory organs in the context of its intra-Union exhaustion rules. It is also suggested that rules restricting parallel trade are a necessary corollary to pharmaceutical price discrimination in favor of developing countries, which practice discrimination is advocated by international institutions such as the World Health Organization. Finally, the paper indicates that restrictions on parallel trade in the pharmaceutical sector are necessary to protect the public against risks arising from inadequate supervision of the secondary market, such as risks from inappropriate repackaging and inadequate storage and handling procedures, and counterfeit products.
Vertical Price Control And Parallel Imports
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Author : Keith E. Maskus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Vertical Price Control And Parallel Imports written by Keith E. Maskus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
The paper analyzes parallel imports, or goods traded without the authorization of a trademark owner. Parallel imports have multiple causes, including vertical price control, which the authors model. A manufacturer selling its product through an independent agent sets the wholesale price sufficiently low to induce a desired retail price abroad. This permits the agent to sell the product profitably in the originating market. Combined social surplus decreases and then increases in the cost of parallel trade. Restricting parallel imports benefits the manufacturer, but could raise or reduce global surplus. The econometric analysis indicates that the vertical-control explanation of parallel imports is important.
Product Innovation With Parallel Imports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Product Innovation With Parallel Imports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Parallel Imports And Innovation In An Emerging Economy
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Author : Andrea Mantovani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Parallel Imports And Innovation In An Emerging Economy written by Andrea Mantovani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Pharmaceutical Parallel Trade In The Uk
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Author : Panos Kanavos
language : en
Publisher: Basic Civitas Books
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Pharmaceutical Parallel Trade In The Uk written by Panos Kanavos and has been published by Basic Civitas Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Medical categories.
International Antitrust Law Policy Fordham Competition Law 2009
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Author : Barry E. Hawk
language : en
Publisher: Juris Publishing, Inc.
Release Date : 2010-03-01
International Antitrust Law Policy Fordham Competition Law 2009 written by Barry E. Hawk and has been published by Juris Publishing, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-01 with Law categories.
Every October the Fordham Competition Law Institute brings together leading figures from governmental organizations, leading international law firms and corporations and academia to examine and analyze the most important issues in international antitrust and trade policy of the United States, the EU and the world. This work is the most definitive and comprehensive annual analysis of international antitrust law and policy available anywhere. Each annual edition sets out to explore and analyze the areas of antitrust/competition law that have had the most impact in that year. Recent "hot topics" include antitrust enforcement in Asia, Latin America: competition enforcement in the areas of telecommunications, media and information technology. All of the chapters raise questions of policy or discuss new developments and assess their significance and impact on antitrust and trade policy. The chapters are revised and updated before publication when necessary. As a result, the reader receives up-to-date practical tips and important analyses of difficult policy issues. The annual volumes are an indispensable guide through the sea of international antitrust law. The Fordham Competition Law Proceedings are acknowledged as simply the most definitive US/EC annual analyses of antitrust/competition law published. Value Package + Buy International Antitrust Law and Policy: Fordham Competition Law 2009 - Downloadable Electronic Product and get International Antitrust Law & Policy: Fordham Competition Law 2009 at an additional 50% off our everyday low price. Total Price: $250.00 Price for the Bundle: $187.50 This Item: International Antitrust Law & Policy: Fordham Competition Law 2009 International Antitrust Law and Policy: Fordham Competition Law 2009 - Downloadable Electronic Product