Patentability Of Genetically Modified Organisms Gmos
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Patentability Of Genetically Modified Organisms Gmos
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Author : Stefan Dimitrov
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2003-05-15
Patentability Of Genetically Modified Organisms Gmos written by Stefan Dimitrov and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-05-15 with Law categories.
Master's Thesis from the year 2002 in the subject Law - Miscellaneous, grade: merit - 67%, University of Exeter (International Business Law), language: English, abstract: The discovery of the double- helical structure of DNA in 19532 has led to an exponential growth of related new technologies and has generated enormous financial research costs3. To accumulate these sums the biotech industry is particularly motivated by the attraction of patent protection4. Patent regimes have been challenging boundaries between human invention and nature and have become an important and controversial tool for protecting biotechnological knowledge. The issues covered range from patenting of gene sequences5 from lower organisms such as bacteria up to higher life forms as living animals6. Patent practice has become increasingly broad7. One of the jurisdictions still strong enough to resist the Western trend to extend the coverage of new-life forms is surprisingly Canada being the neighbour to the most inventive U.S. biotechnological industry8. Subject of this work are GMOs destined for marketing on global level, i.e. foodstuff and agricultural products9 but pharmaceuticals and other products as well as far as natural ingredients are concerned. Myriads of novel GMOs could be developed and released into the global environment to help to solve severe shortages or problems in agriculture, energy or medicine by providing more and better food, alternative fuel or new and more effective pharmaceuticals10. The debate is fuelled by unfulfilled expectations concerning the ongoing WTO round, statements of NGO activists11 and new projects of multinational corporations and more intense in Europe than in North America.
Intellectual Property And Genetically Modified Organisms
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Author : Charles Lawson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-09
Intellectual Property And Genetically Modified Organisms written by Charles Lawson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-09 with Law categories.
Taking a global viewpoint, this volume addresses issues arising from recent developments in the enduring and topical debates over Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and their relationship to Intellectual Property (IP). The work examines changing responses to the growing acceptance and prevalence of GMOs. Drawing together perspectives from several of the leading international scholars in this area, the contributions seek to break away from analysis of safety and regulation and examine the diversity of ways the law and GMOs have become entangled. This collection presents the start of a much broader engagement with GMOs and law. As GMO technology becomes increasingly more complex and embedded in our lives, this volume will be a useful resource in leading further discussion and debate about GMOs in academia, in government and among those working on future policy.
Intellectual Property And Genetically Modified Organisms
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Author : Berris Charnley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Intellectual Property And Genetically Modified Organisms written by Berris Charnley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Genetically modified foods categories.
Engineering The Farm
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Author : Marc Lappe
language : en
Publisher: Island Press
Release Date : 2013-04-10
Engineering The Farm written by Marc Lappe and has been published by Island Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Engineering the Farm offers a wide-ranging examination of the social and ethical issues surrounding the production and consumption of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), with leading thinkers and activists taking a broad theoretical approach to the subject. Topics covered include: the historical roots of the anti-biotechnology movement ethical issues involved in introducing genetically altered crops questions of patenting and labeling the "precautionary principle" and its role in the regulation of GMOs effects of genetic modification on the world's food supply ecological concerns and impacts on traditional varieties of domesticated crops potential health effects of GMOsContributors argue that the scope, scale, and size of the present venture in crop modification is so vast and intensive that a thoroughgoing review of agricultural biotechnology must consider its global, moral, cultural, and ecological impacts as well as its effects on individual consumers. Throughout, they argue that more research is needed on genetically modified food and that consumers are entitled to specific information about how food products have been developed.Despite its increasing role in worldwide food production, little has been written about the broader social and ethical implications of GMOs. Engineering the Farm offers a unique approach to the subject for academics, activists, and policymakers involved with questions of environmental policy, ethics, agriculture, environmental health, and related fields.
Genetically Modified Organisms
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Author : K. D. Raju
language : en
Publisher: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Release Date : 2007-01-01
Genetically Modified Organisms written by K. D. Raju and has been published by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Science categories.
The scientific controversies involving genetic science and ?biosafety? Have not been well understood by many. All claims about GMOs (genetically modified organisms) or LMOs (living modified organisms) are under controversy. The Cartagena Protocol is the first international agreement to regulate the transboundary movement of GMOs. Under the Convention on Biological Diversity, 190 countries agreed on the importance and concern over the spread and cross-border transfer of GMOs and their risks to environment and human health. Consequently, in 2000, they adopted the Cartagena Protocol to address the possible risks of GMOs. The protocol is an important step in the protection of biodiversity and biosafety. The concern of developing countries are not shared by the developed countries like the US, Canada, and Mexico. These countries produce more than 90% of the LMO crops and they are not ratified by the protocol. The protocol explicitly stipulates that countries should take precautionary measures to prevent GMOs from causing harm to biodiversity and human health.Members have to implement the protocol provisions at the domestic level. There are heated debates in India whether to allow the cultivation of GMOs? The civil society organizations are opposing the entry of multinational companies in the field trial of GMOs. In this scenario, a systematic review of the international legal regime to formulate a comprehensive policy on the subject in India is the need of the hour.
Gmo Another Perspective The Dark Side Of Patents
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Author : Tito Schiva
language : en
Publisher: Youcanprint
Release Date : 2017-02-28
Gmo Another Perspective The Dark Side Of Patents written by Tito Schiva and has been published by Youcanprint this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-28 with Science categories.
Tito Schiva, geneticist and past Director of the Experimental Institute for Floriculture Sanremo I for 30 years, attended the UPOV Workshop (International Convention for the New Varieties of Plants Protection) as Italian delegate. In the pre-DNA period, together with A. Mercuri, he developed a method for genotype identification based on the isoenzymatic fingerprinting for plant varieties with a view to protecting intellectual property. At the advent of genetic transformation techniques, again working with A. Mercuri, he created dwarf compact plants on Limonium sp. using the ROL genes, and fluorescent flowers on Lisianthus and Rinchospermum using . GFP genes (Green Fluorescent Protein). So far the controversy on GMO has concerned essentially the wealthy and the environment not highlighting the consequences of the Patent on living matter. To apply a Patent on a gene provokes unique biological/economical synergy and has a great impact on our lives. Gunter Reimann, in “Patent for Hitler” (1942), showed how the Patent was stifling the development of technology. In this reality the food step crops appear to be the most vulnerable. Slowing down innovation is the most negative aspect of the Patent system, but the greatest tragedy lies in the political mistake of not pointing out the guidelines or worse forbidding the development of these bio-technologies, and then leaving this know-how as a privilege of the few.
Genetically Modified Organisms And Regulations Concerning Biotechnological Products
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Author : Iraz Haspolat Kaya
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2020-01-28
Genetically Modified Organisms And Regulations Concerning Biotechnological Products written by Iraz Haspolat Kaya and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Today, the world’s population is growing, but the amount of arable land is decreasing. About 820 million people around the world are suffering from hunger. On the other side, agricultural mega-companies are making billions of dollars from growing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). GMOs grow faster and in greater numbers. This book investigates many concerns resulting from the demand for these products and the legal perspectives surrounding these products.
Genetic Engineering Of Plants
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1984-02-01
Genetic Engineering Of Plants written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984-02-01 with Science categories.
"The book...is, in fact, a short text on the many practical problems...associated with translating the explosion in basic biotechnological research into the next Green Revolution," explains Economic Botany. The book is "a concise and accurate narrative, that also manages to be interesting and personal...a splendid little book." Biotechnology states, "Because of the clarity with which it is written, this thin volume makes a major contribution to improving public understanding of genetic engineering's potential for enlarging the world's food supply...and can be profitably read by practically anyone interested in application of molecular biology to improvement of productivity in agriculture."
Anti Genetix
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Author : Derrick A. Purdue
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-01
Anti Genetix written by Derrick A. Purdue and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-01 with Political Science categories.
This title was first published in 2000: The development of genetically-modified foods has given rise to much widespread and heated debate on the possible consequences - both positive and negative - of this new technology. This book not only addresses the broad issues involved (outlining the connections between gene patenting and biotechnology and their impact on international relations), but also, for the first time, examines the social movement emerging against GM food. Anti-GenetiX traces this movement from its emergence and shows how and why it expanded from a small expert concern to the current huge political uproar. It explores the contribution this movement makes to shaping global civil society and argues that such global social movements will become increasingly common in the global age.
Seed Activism
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Author : Karine E. Peschard
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2022-10-04
Seed Activism written by Karine E. Peschard and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-04 with Political Science categories.
How lawsuits around intellectual property in Brazil and India are impacting the patentability of plants and seeds, farmers’ rights, and the public interest. Over the past decade, legal challenges have arisen in the Global South over patents on genetically modified crops. In this ethnographic study, Karine E. Peschard explores the effects of these disputes on people’s lives, while uncovering the role of power—material, institutional, and discursive—in shaping laws and legal systems. The expansion of corporate intellectual property (IP), she shows, negatively impacts farmers’ rights and, by extension, the right to food, since small farms produce the bulk of food for domestic consumption. Peschard sees emerging a new legal common sense concerning the patentability of plant-related inventions, as well as a balance among IP, farmers’ rights, and the public interest. Peschard examines the strengthening of IP regimes for plant varieties, the consolidation of the global biotech industry, the erosion of agrobiodiversity, and farmers’ dispossession. She shows how litigants question the legality of patents and private IP systems implemented by Monsanto for royalties on three genetically modified crop varieties, Roundup Ready soybean in Brazil and Bt cotton and Bt eggplant in India. Peschard argues that these private IP systems have rendered moot domestic legislation on plant variety protection and farmers’ rights. This unprecedented level of corporate concentration in such a vital sector raises concerns over the erosion of agricultural biodiversity, farmers’ rights and livelihoods, food security, and, ultimately, the merits of extending IP rights to higher life forms such as plants.