Peer Effects On The United States Supreme Court
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Peer Effects On The United States Supreme Court
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Author : Richard Holden
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Peer Effects On The United States Supreme Court written by Richard Holden and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Using data on essentially every US Supreme Court decision since 1946, we estimate a model of peer effects on the Court. We consider both the impact of justice ideology and justice votes on the votes of their peers. To identify these peer effects we use two instruments. The first is based on the composition of the Court, determined by which justices sit on which cases due to recusals or health reasons for not sitting. The second utilizes the fact that many justices previously sat on Federal Circuit Courts and are empirically much more likely to affirm decisions from their “home” court. We find large peer effects. Replacing a single justice with one who votes in a conservative direction 10 percentage points more frequently increases the probability that each other justice votes conservative by 1.63 percentage points. In terms of votes, a 10 percentage point increase in the probability that a single justice votes conservative leads to a 1.1 percentage increase in the probability that each other justice votes conservative. Finally, a single justice becoming 10% more likely to vote conservative increases the share of cases with a conservative outcome by 3.6 percentage points - excluding the direct effect of that justice - and reduces the share with a liberal outcome by 3.2 percentage points. In general, the indirect effect of a justice's vote on the outcome through the votes of their peers is typically several times larger than the direct mechanical effect of the justice's own vote.
The Peer Effect Non Traditional Models Of Instruction In Spanish As A Heritage Language
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Author : Lina M. Reznicek-Parrado
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-07-31
The Peer Effect Non Traditional Models Of Instruction In Spanish As A Heritage Language written by Lina M. Reznicek-Parrado and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-31 with Foreign Language Study categories.
The Peer Effect: Non-Traditional Models of Instruction in Spanish as a Heritage Language guides an important pedagogical conversation on the relevance of heritage language and literacy practices as resources for instruction, framing heritage teaching and learning as a social justice issue. Presenting ethnographic and discourse analyses of a heritage peer tutoring program at a university in California, this book focuses on the ways in which the dynamic translanguaging practices that Spanish heritage language (SHL) peer tutors mobilize in a non-classroom, student-led, collaborative academic space directly respond to the literacy demands of academic language development. Based on the in-depth analysis of peer tutors’ translingual practices, the book advances scholarship in SHL pedagogy, providing concrete classroom-based examples, techniques, and activities that nurture equitable pedagogies for heritage student belonging, while challenging the deficit discourse that has traditionally governed the dialogue around literacy instruction for multilingual students. This versatile volume is designed for educators, researchers, practitioners, and students in the fields of heritage language pedagogy, bilingual education, educational linguistics, and literacy studies for multilingual students.
Equity And Adequacy In Education Finance
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-02-12
Equity And Adequacy In Education Finance written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-02-12 with Education categories.
Spending on K-12 education across the United States and across local school districts has long been characterized by great disparitiesâ€"disparities that reflect differences in property wealth and tax rates. For more than a quarter-century, reformers have attempted to reduce these differences through court challenges and legislative action. As part of a broad study of education finance, the committee commissioned eight papers examining the history and consequences of school finance reform undertaken in the name of equity and adequacy. This thought-provoking, timely collection of papers explores such topics as: What do the terms "equity" and "adequacy" in school finance really mean? How are these terms relevant to the politics and litigation of school finance reform? What is the impact of court-ordered school finance reform on spending disparities? How do school districts use money from finance reform? What policy options are available to states facing new challenges from court decisions mandating adequacy in school finance? When measuring adequacy, how do you consider differences in student needs and regional costs?
Trouble At The Bar
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Author : Clifford Winston
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2021-03-02
Trouble At The Bar written by Clifford Winston and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Deregulating the legal profession will benefit society by improving access to legal services and the efficacy of public policies. Lawyers dominate a judicial system that has come under fire for limiting access to its services to primarily the most affluent members of society. Lawyers also have a pervasive influence throughout other parts of government. This is the first book offering a critical comprehensive overview of the legal profession's role in failing to serve the majority of the public and in contributing to the formation of inefficient public policies that reduce public welfare. In Trouble at the Bar, the authors use an economic approach to provide empirical support for legal reformers who are concerned about their own profession. The authors highlight the adverse effects of the legal profession's self-regulation, which raises the cost of legal education, decreases the supply of lawyers, and limits the public's access to justice to the point where, in general, only certified lawyers can execute even simple contracts. At the same time, barriers to entry that limit competition create a closed environment that inhibits valid approaches to analyzing and solving legal problems that are at the heart of effective public policy. Deregulating the legal profession, the authors argue, would allow more people to provide a variety of legal services without jeopardizing their quality, reduce the cost of those services, spur competition and innovation in the private sector, and increase the quality of lawyers who pursue careers in the public sector. Legal practitioners would enjoy more fulfilling careers, and society in general and its most vulnerable members in particular would benefit greatly.
The Peer Effect
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Author : Syed Ali
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 2023-11-14
The Peer Effect written by Syed Ali and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-14 with Family & Relationships categories.
"A comprehensive examination of how peers and peer cultures affect young people's behavior and long-term outcomes, as well as peers and peer cultures of the workplace affect adult behavior and misconduct, including police misconduct"--
Reports Of Cases Argued And Adjudged In The Supreme Court Of The United States
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Author : United States. Supreme Court
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Reports Of Cases Argued And Adjudged In The Supreme Court Of The United States written by United States. Supreme Court and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Law reports, digests, etc categories.
United States Supreme Court Reports
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Author : United States. Supreme Court
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
United States Supreme Court Reports written by United States. Supreme Court and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Law reports, digests, etc categories.
First series, books 1-43, includes "Notes on U.S. reports" by Walter Malins Rose.
Judicial Vetoes
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Author : Lydia Tiede
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2022-08-04
Judicial Vetoes written by Lydia Tiede and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-04 with Law categories.
How does the selection of judges influence the work they do in important constitutional courts? Does mixed judicial selection, which allows more players to choose judges, result in a court that is more independent and one that can check powerful executives and legislators? Existing literature on constitutional courts tends to focus on how judicial behaviour is motivated by judges' political preferences. Lydia Brashear Tiede argues for a new approach, showing that, under mixed selection, institutions choose different types of judges who represent different approaches to constitutional adjudication and thus have different propensities for striking down laws. Using empirical evidence from the constitutional courts of Chile and Colombia, this book develops a framework for understanding the factors, external and internal to courts, which lead individual judges, as well as the courts in which they work, to veto a law.
University Of Chicago Law Review Volume 78 Number 4 Fall 2011
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Author : University of Chicago Law Review
language : en
Publisher: Quid Pro Books
Release Date : 2012-04-11
University Of Chicago Law Review Volume 78 Number 4 Fall 2011 written by University of Chicago Law Review and has been published by Quid Pro Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-11 with Law categories.
A leading law review now offers a quality eBook edition. The fourth and final issue of 2011 (Volume 78) features articles and essays from internationally recognized legal scholars and governmental leaders, including Cass Sunstein (on empirically informed regulation), Jonathan Bressler (on jury nullification and Reconstruction), Daniel Schwarcz (on standardized insurance policies), and Bertral Ross II (writing against constitutional mainstreaming in stautory interpretation). In addition, the issue includes a review essay on the book The Master Switch, as well as student Comments on such subjects as same-sex divorce, religious practices by prisoners, falsely claiming Medal of Honor status, and enhancement in federal sentencing. The issue is presented in modern eBook formatting and features active Tables of Contents; linked footnotes and URLs; and legible graphs and tables.
United States Supreme Court Reports Digest
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
United States Supreme Court Reports Digest written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Law reports, digests, etc categories.