Performance Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Shock Tube Induced Blast Loading
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Performance Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Shock Tube Induced Blast Loading
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Author : Steve Castonguay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Performance Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Shock Tube Induced Blast Loading written by Steve Castonguay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This thesis focuses on the dynamic and static behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SRFC) beams. As part of this study a total of eighteen (18) beams are tested, including fourteen (14) SFRC beams, and a companion set of four (4) beams built without fibers. Seven (7) of the beams are tested under quasi-static (slowly applied) loading with the remaining eleven (11) beams tested under simulated blast loading using the University of Ottawa shock-tube. The variables considered in this study include: concrete type (SFRC vs. conventional concrete), fiber content, fiber type, as well as the effect of transverse reinforcement. The criteria used to evaluate the blast performance of the beams includes: overall blast capacity, maximum and residual mid-span displacement, secondary fragmentation and damage control. Static results confirm the beneficial effect of fibers on improving the shear and flexural capacity of beams. Dynamic results show that use of steel fibers at a sufficient content can increase shear capacity and effectively replace transverse reinforcement in beams tested under blast loads. The results also show that increasing fiber content can improve the blast response of the beams by reducing maximum and residual mid-span displacement, improving damage tolerance and minimizing secondary blast fragments. However, at high fiber contents, problems with workability of the concrete mix can occur, resulting in a reduction of improvements when compared to SFRC specimens with lower fiber content. The analytical research program aimed at predicting the response of the test beams using dynamic inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) analysis. Overall the analytical results demonstrate that SDOF analysis can be used to predict the blast response of beams built with SFRC.
Performance Of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Shock Tube Induced Shock Wave Loading
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Author : Russell P. Burrell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Performance Of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Shock Tube Induced Shock Wave Loading written by Russell P. Burrell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Blast effect categories.
It is important to ensure that vulnerable structures (federal and provincial offices, military structures, embassies, etc) are blast resistant to safeguard life and critical infrastructure. In the wake of recent malicious attacks and accidental explosions, it is becoming increasingly important to ensure that columns in structures are properly detailed to provide the ductility and continuity necessary to prevent progressive collapse. Research has shown that steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) can enhance many of the properties of concrete, including improved post-cracking tensile capacity, enhanced shear resistance, and increased ductility. The enhanced properties of SFRC make it an ideal candidate for use in the blast resistant design of structures. There is limited research on the behaviour of SFRC under high strain rates, including impact and blast loading, and some of this data is conflicting, with some researchers showing that the additional ductility normally evident in SFRC is absent or reduced at high strain loading. On the other hand, other data indicates that SFRC can improve toughness and energy-absorption capacity under extreme loading conditions. This thesis presents the results of experimental research involving tests of scaled reinforced concrete columns exposed to shock wave induced impulsive loads using the University of Ottawa Shock Tube. A total of 13 half-scale steel fibre reinforced concrete columns, 8 with normal strength steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) and 5 with an ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), were constructed and tested under simulated blast pressures. The columns were designed according to CSA A23.3 standards for both seismic and non-seismic regions, using various fibre amounts and types. Each column was exposed to similar shock wave loads in order to provide direct comparisons between seismic and non-seismically detailed columns, amount of steel fibres, type of steel fibres, and type of concrete. The dynamic response of the columns tested in the experimental program is predicted by generating dynamic load-deformation resistance functions for SFRC and UHPFRC columns and using single degree of freedom dynamic analysis software, RCBlast. The analytical results are compared to experimental data, and shown to accurately predict the maximum mid-span displacements of the fibre reinforced concrete columns under shock wave loading.
Blast Performance Of Ultra High Performance Concrete Beams Tested Under Shock Tube Induced Loads
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Author : Corey Guertin-Normoyle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Blast Performance Of Ultra High Performance Concrete Beams Tested Under Shock Tube Induced Loads written by Corey Guertin-Normoyle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Modern day structures are reaching higher, spanning longer and undergoing new design methods. In addition to regular loads, it is becoming increasingly important to consider the potential risks of intentional and accidental explosions on structures. In the case of reinforced concrete buildings, critical elements such as beams and columns must de designed with sufficient strength and ductility to mitigate against the effects of blast loads to safekeep the public and prevent progressive structural collapse. Recent advancements in structural materials have led to the development of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) with high compressive strength, tensile resistance, toughness and energy absorption capacity, properties which are ideal for blast protection of structures. Combining UHPC with high-performance steels, such as and high strength reinforcement is another potential solution to enhance the blast resilience of structures. This experimental and analytical research program investigates the advantages of combining high performance materials to increase the blast capacity of reinforced concrete beams. The experimental program includes tests on 21 beam specimens, fourteen of which are subjected to extreme blast loading using the University of Ottawa shock-tube, with seven companion specimens tested statically. Parameters investigated include: effect of concrete type (NSC vs. UHPC), effect of steel reinforcement type (NSR vs. HSR), effect of longitudinal reinforcement ratio, effect of fiber type/content and effect of transverse reinforcement on structural performance under static and dynamic loads. The experimental study includes three series having specified material combinations as follows: series 1 (NSC & NSR), series 2 (UHPC & NSR) and series 3 (UHPC & HSR). Each dynamically tested beam specimen is subjected to gradually increasing blast shockwaves until reaching failure. Performance assessment criteria included; maximum and residual displacements, overall blast resistance and resistance to secondary fragmentation. Results show that the specimens detailed with UHPC can resist greater blast loads with reduced mid-span displacement and debris generation when compared to beams built with conventional concrete. The combination of UHPC and high strength reinforcement further enhances blast performance and delays failure as both high strength materials balance themselves for optimum efficiency. Similarly, for specimens subjected to static loading, the use of UHPC increased the maximum load resisted by the beams, although failure mode alters from concrete crushing to rebar rupture. The combination of UHPC and high strength reinforcement further heightens beam resistance, at the expense of reduced specimen ductility. The analytical component of this thesis presents an analysis program called UO Resistance which is capable of predicting structural element resistance curves and conducting a dynamic inelastic single degree of freedom (SDOF) analysis of members subjected to blast loads. Resistance curves generated using UO Resistance were compared to data obtained through static testing and were found to effectively predict specimen response. Similarly, dynamic analysis methods implemented in UO Resistance prove to be effective at predicting specimen response under blast load. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of various modeling parameters on the static and SDOF dynamic predictions of specimen response.
Performance Of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Shock Tube Induced Blast Loading
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Author : Amer Hammoud
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Performance Of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Shock Tube Induced Blast Loading written by Amer Hammoud and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Accounting for blast hazards has become one of the major concerns for civil engineers when analysing and designing structures. Recent terrorist attacks and accidental explosions have demonstrated the importance of mitigating blast effects on buildings to ensure safety, preserve life and ensure structural integrity. Innovative materials such as high-strength concrete, steel fibers, and high-strength steel offer a potential solution to increase resistance against extreme dynamic loading and improve the blast resilience of buildings. This thesis presents the results of an experimental and analytical study examining the effect of high-strength concrete, high-strength reinforcement and steel fibers on the blast behaviour of reinforced concrete columns. As part of the study, a total of seventeen reinforced concrete columns with different design combinations of concrete, steel fibers, and steel reinforcement were designed, constructed, and tested under gradually increasing blast loads using the University of Ottawa shock-tube facility. Criteria used to assess the blast performance of the columns and the effect of the test variables included overall blast capacity, mid-span displacements, cracking patterns, secondary fragmentation, and failure modes. The effect of concrete strength was found to only have a moderate effect on the blast performance of the columns. However, the results showed that benefits are associated with the combined use of high-strength concrete with steel fibers and high-strength reinforcement in columns tested under blast loads. In addition to the experimental program, a dynamic inelastic single-degree-of-freedom analysis was performed to predict the displacement response of the test columns. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to examine the effect of various modelling parameters such as materials models, DIFs, and accumulated damage on the analytical predictions.
Structural Performance Of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams Built With Synthetic Fibers
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Author : Roukaya Bastami
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Structural Performance Of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams Built With Synthetic Fibers written by Roukaya Bastami and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
This thesis presents the results of a research program examining the effects of macro-synthetic fibers on the shear and flexural behaviour of high-strength concrete (HSC) beams subjected to static and blast loads. As part of the study, a series of seventeen fiber-reinforced HSC beams are built and tested under either quasi-static four-point bending or simulated blast loads using a shock-tube. The investigated test parameters include the effects of: macro-synthetic fibers, fiber hybridization, combined use of fibers and stirrups and longitudinal steel ratio and type. The results show that under slowly applied loads, the provision of synthetic fibers improves the shear capacity of the beams by allowing for the development of yield stresses in the longitudinal reinforcement, while the combined use of synthetic fibers and stirrups is found to improve flexural ductility and cracking behaviour. The results also show that the provision of synthetic fibers delays shear failure in beams tested under blast pressures, with improved control of blast-induced displacements and increased damage tolerance in beams designed with combined fibers and stirrups. The study also shows that the use of hybrid fibers was capable of effectively replacing transverse reinforcement under both loading types, allowing for ductile flexural failure. Moreover, the use of synthetic fibers was effective in better controlling crushing and spalling in beams designed with Grade 690 MPa high-strength reinforcement. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that synthetic fibers can possibly be used to relax the stringent detailing required by modern blast codes by increasing the transverse reinforcement hoop spacing without compromising performance. As part of the analytical study, the load-deflection responses (resistance functions) of the beams are predicted using sectional (moment-curvature) analysis, as well as more advanced 2D finite element modelling. Dynamic resistance functions developed using both approaches, and incorporating material strain-rate effects, are then used to conduct non-linear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) analyses of the blast-tested beams. In general, the results show that both methods resulted in reasonably accurate predictions of the static and dynamic experimental results.
Performance Of Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Shock Tube Induced Shock Wave Loading
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Author : Alan Lloyd
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Performance Of Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Shock Tube Induced Shock Wave Loading written by Alan Lloyd and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Blast effect categories.
Blast Performance Of Reiforced Concrete Beams Constructed With High Strength Concrete And High Strength Reinforcement
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Author : Yang Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Blast Performance Of Reiforced Concrete Beams Constructed With High Strength Concrete And High Strength Reinforcement written by Yang Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This thesis focuses on the dynamic and static behaviour of reinforced concrete beams built using high-strength concrete and high-strength steel reinforcement. As part of this study, a total of 8 high-strength concrete beams, built with and without steel fibres, and reinforced with high strength ASTM A1035 bars are tested under simulated blast loading using the University of Ottawa shock-tube, with an additional 3 companion beams tested under quasi-static loading. The variables considered in this study include: concrete type, fibre content, steel reinforcement ratio and steel reinforcement type. The behaviour of the beams with high-strength steel bars is compared to a companion set of beams reinforced with conventional steel reinforcement. The criteria used to evaluate the blast performance of the beams includes: overall blast capacity, maximum and residual displacements, secondary fragmentation and crack control. The dynamic results show that high strength concrete beams reinforced with high-strength steel are able to resist higher blast loads and reduce displacements when compared to companion beams with conventional steel reinforcement. The results also demonstrate that the addition of steel fibres is effective in controlling crack formation, minimizing secondary blast fragments, reducing displacements and further increasing overall blast capacity. However, the use of high-strength steel and high-strength concrete also shows potential for brittle failures under extreme blast pressures. The static results show that specimens with high-strength steel bars do not increase beam stiffness, but significantly increase peak load carrying capacity when compared to beams with the same ratio of conventional steel reinforcement. The analytical research program aims at predicting the response of the test beams using dynamic inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) analysis and includes a sensitivity analysis examining the effect of various modelling parameters on the response predictions. Overall the analytical results demonstrate that SDOF analysis can be used to predict the blast response of beams built with high-strength concrete and steel reinforcement with acceptable accuracy.
Effect Of High Performance Concrete And Steel Materials On The Blast Performance Of Reinforced Concrete One Way Slabs
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Author : Christian Melançon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Effect Of High Performance Concrete And Steel Materials On The Blast Performance Of Reinforced Concrete One Way Slabs written by Christian Melançon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Performance Of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Blast Loading
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Author : Frederic Dagenais
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Performance Of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Blast Loading written by Frederic Dagenais and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Effects Of Detailing And Fibers On The Static And Blast Behaviour Of High Strength Concrete Beams
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Author : Charlemagne Junior Charles
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Effects Of Detailing And Fibers On The Static And Blast Behaviour Of High Strength Concrete Beams written by Charlemagne Junior Charles and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The CSA S850 Blast standard provides guidelines that can be used to enhance the blast performance of reinforced concrete structures. In the case of beams, the standard requires the use of top continuity (compression) bars and well-detailed transverse steel to ensure strength and ductility under blast loads. However, the requirements in the CSA S850 standard are intended for normal-strength concrete structures. Given the increased use of high-strength concrete (HSC) in practice, there is a need to explore the effects of modern blast designs on the behavior of HSC structures subjected to blast loads. Accordingly, this project examines the effect of modern reinforcement detailing on the static, dynamic and post-blast performance of high-strength concrete beams. The study further examines the ability to use fibers to relax such detailing and simplify construction. A total of seventeen beams are tested. Static testing is conducted under four-point bending, with blast testing conducted using the University of Ottawa shock-tube. The post-blast behavior of the beams is assessed by conducting residual static tests on the blast-damaged specimens. The parameters investigated include the effects of: blast detailing vs. nominal detailing, steel fibers, the effect of longitudinal steel ratio (in compression and tension) and tie spacing. The results show that under static loads, the use of blast detailing significantly improves the flexural behavior of the beams in terms of ductility. Likewise, the provision of continuity (compression) bars and closely spaced ties is found to improve blast performance by better controlling displacements, increasing blast resistance, limiting damages and allowing for important post-blast residual capacity. The use of steel fibers and relaxed detailing (increased tie spacing) is found to increase resistance and improve cracking behavior under static loads, with an ability to match the blast performance of more heavily-detailed HSC specimens. The use of fibers also allowed for substantial post-blast capacity. Finally, the steel ratio (in tension, in compression and in the transverse direction) was found to affect the blast behavior of the HSC beams. In addition to the experiments, the analytical study predicts the static and blast response of the tested beams using sectional analysis and non-linear SDOF modeling. Results show that the analysis methodology was able to predict the static and blast responses of the blast-detailed and fiber-reinforced HSC beams with reasonable accuracy.