Phenotypic Switching

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Phenotypic Switching

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Author : Herbert Levine
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-06-10

Phenotypic Switching written by Herbert Levine and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-10 with Medical categories.

Phenotypic Switching: Implications in Biology and Medicine provides a comprehensive examination of phenotypic switching across biological systems, including underlying mechanisms, evolutionary significance, and its role in biomedical science. Contributions from international leaders discuss conceptual and theoretical aspects of phenotypic plasticity, its influence over biological development, differentiation, biodiversity, and potential applications in cancer therapy, regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy, among other treatments. Chapters discuss fundamental mechanisms of phenotypic switching, including transition states, cell fate decisions, epigenetic factors, stochasticity, protein-based inheritance, specific areas of human development and disease relevance, phenotypic plasticity in melanoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, non-genetic heterogeneity in cancer, hepatitis C, and more. This book is essential for active researchers, basic and translational scientists, clinicians, postgraduates and students in genetics, human genomics, pathology, bioinformatics, developmental biology, evolutionary biology and adaptive opportunities in yeast. - Thoroughly addresses the conceptual, experimental and translational aspects that underlie phenotypic plasticity - Emphasizes quantitative approaches, nonlinear dynamics, mechanistic insights and key methodologies to advance phenotypic plasticity studies - Features a diverse range of chapter contributions from international leaders in the field

Molecular Biology Of Fungal Development

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Author : Heinz D. Osiewacz
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-05-07

Molecular Biology Of Fungal Development written by Heinz D. Osiewacz and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-05-07 with Science categories.

This text gives an overview of the fundamental aspects of molecular fungal development in one comprehensive volume, highlighting different elements in the maturational and reproductive cycles of selected fungal taxa.

A Mechanistic And Functional Study Of White Opaque Phenotypic Switching In Candida Albicans

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Author : Mathew Gregory Miller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

A Mechanistic And Functional Study Of White Opaque Phenotypic Switching In Candida Albicans written by Mathew Gregory Miller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It is a harmless commensal in healthy individuals, but it can cause serious infections in immune-compromised hosts. C. albicans undergoes a meta-stable and reversible switch between two distinct cell types known as white and opaque. The role of white-opaque switching in the biology of C. albicans was originally not well understood. We discovered an unexpected relationship between white-opaque switching and the sexual cycle of C. albicans . The mating type locus of C. albicans (MTL) encodes transcriptional regulatory proteins that regulate mating. We demonstrated that two MTL -encoded homeodomain proteins, a 1 and alpha2, work together to repress white-opaque switching in C. albicans . The observations that the MTL locus controlled both mating and white-opaque switching led us to hypothesize that opaque cells played a role in mating. Indeed, we found that opaque cells mate one million times more efficiently than do white cells. Additionally, opaque cells, but not white cells, developed specialized mating projections when exposed to mating pheromone. Thus, opaque cells are a specialized mating form of C. albicans . As white cells are generally more robust in a mammalian host than opaque cells, this strategy allows the organism to survive the rigors of life within a mammalian host, while generating a small population of mating-competent cells. The mechanism that controls white-opaque switching is not well understood. To better understand the mechanism, we investigated the regulation of white-opaque switching by a 1-alpha2. We demonstrated that a 1-alpha2 regulates white-opaque switching by destabilizing opaque cells, and we monitored gene expression during the transition from opaque to white using DNA microarrays. We used a candidate approach to identify additional regulators of white-opaque switching among genes enriched for their expression in the opaque phase. We identified two potent positive regulators of white-opaque switching: the opaque-specific transcriptional regulatory proteins Czf1 and Naf1. We also further investigated the role of Efg1, a previously identified regulator of white-opaque switching, and found that efg1/efg1 mutants were unable to bypass a 1-alpha2 repression of switching. Finally, we determined the epistatic and regulatory relationships between Efg1, Czf1 and Naf1.

Cellular And Phenotypic Plasticity In Cancer

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Author : Petranel Theresa Ferrao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-09-17

Cellular And Phenotypic Plasticity In Cancer written by Petranel Theresa Ferrao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-17 with Cancer categories.

The process of Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) is known to result in a phenotype change in cells from a proliferative state to a more invasive state. EMT has been reported to drive the metastatic spread of various cancers and has also been associated with drug resistance to cytotoxics and targeted therapeutics. Recently phenotype switching akin to EMT has been reported in non-epithelial cancers such as metastatic melanoma. This process involves changes in EMT-Transcription Factors (EMT-TFs), suggesting that phenotype-switching may be common to several tumour types. It remains unclear as to whether the presence of both Epilthelial-like and Mesenchymal-like cells are a pre-requisite for phenotype switching within a tumour, how this heterogeneity is regulated, and if alteration of cell phenotype is sufficient to mediate migratory changes, or whether drivers of cell migration result in an associated phenotype switch in cancer cells. Similarly it has yet to be clarified if cells in an altered phenotype can be refractory to drug therapy or whether mediators of drug resistance induce a concurrent phenotypic change. Little is known today about the underlying genetic, epigenetic and transient changes that accompany this phenotypic switch and about the role for the tumor micro-environment in influencing it. Hence this is currently an area of speculation and keen interest in the Oncology field with wide-ranging translational implications. In this Frontiers Research Topic, we discuss our current understanding of these concepts in various cancer types including breast cancer, colorectal cancer and metastatic melanoma. This topic covers how these processes of cellular and phenotypic plasticity are regulated and how they relate to cancer initiation, progression, dormancy, metastases and response to cytotoxics or targeted therapies.

Developmental Programing Of Vertebrate Health And Disease

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Author : Gina Galli
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-05-25

Developmental Programing Of Vertebrate Health And Disease written by Gina Galli and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-25 with Science categories.

Growing Fungus

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Author : N.A. Gow
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-08-28

Growing Fungus written by N.A. Gow and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-28 with Science categories.

This book is about the growth and differentiation processes underlying the growth and differentia of filamentous fungi. The impetus for this work tion of fungi and that it provides the reader with stems from our perception that the coverage of adequate source references for further information. this highly diverse and important group of organ It is estimated conservatively that there are more isms has been neglected in recent years, despite than 1. 5 million species of fungi - more than five many significant advances in our understanding of times the number of vascular plants and second the underlying mechanisms of growth. This situ only in diversity to the insects. The extreme ation contrasts with the treatment of Saccharomyces diversity of form in the fungi has always been a cerevisiae, for example, which because of its ideal source of inspiration for mycologists. This book is properties for genetic analyses, has established concerned mainly with those systems that have itself as the model eukaryote for the analysis of the been well characterized from the biochemical, cell cycle, and basic studies of biochemical and physiological or genetic points of view. Although genetic regulation. This book does not deal with it has not been possible to illustrate the breadth of the detailed growth phYSiology of S.

Fungi

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Author : Kevin Kavanagh
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2005-06-20

Fungi written by Kevin Kavanagh and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-20 with Medical categories.

Fungi: Biology and Applications is a comprehensive, balanced introduction of the biology, biotechnological applications and medical significance of fungi. With no prior knowledge of the subject assumed, the opening chapters offer a broad overview of the basics of fungal biology, in particular the physiology and genetics of fungi. Later chapters move on to include more detailed coverage of topics such as proteomics, bioinformatics, heterologous protein expression, medical mycology, anti-fungal drug development and function, fungal biotechnology and fungal pathogens of economically important plants. Carefully structured, each chapter contains self-assessment exercises with answers included at the end of the book to enhance student understanding. A comprehensive treatment of the medical and economic importance of fungi to everyday life Chapters include revision sections and problems to reinforce key concepts Invaluable for undergraduates taking a first course on fungal biology or mycology. also of interest to those working within the field looking for an up-to-date introduction.

Handbook Of Epigenetics

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Author : Trygve O. Tollefsbol
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2022-09-08

Handbook Of Epigenetics written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-08 with Science categories.

Handbook of Epigenetics: The New Molecular and Medical Genetics, Third Edition provides a comprehensive analysis of epigenetics, from basic biology to clinical application. This new edition has been fully revised to cover the latest and evolving topics in epigenetics, with chapters updated and new chapters added on topics such as single-cell epigenetics, DNA methylation clocks in age-related diseases, transposable elements and epigenetics, X chromosome inactivation, and the epigenetics of drug addiction, among other topics. Throughout this edition, greater emphasis falls on epigenomic analyses and incorporating multi-omics approaches rather than gene-specific analyses. In addition, this edition has also been enhanced with step-by-step instructions in research methods, as well as easy-to-digest disease case studies and clinical trials that provide context and applied examples of recent advances in disease understanding and epigenetic therapeutics. These features empower researchers to reproduce the approaches and studies discussed and aid clinical translation. Live links across chapters tie in relevant external datasets and resources. - Provides a timely and comprehensive collection of fully up-to-date coverage of epigenetics - Covers basic epigenetic biology, research methods and technology, disease relationships and clinical medicine - Written at a verbal and technical level that can be understood by scientists and students alike, with chapter summaries and conclusions included throughout - Discusses exciting new topics in epigenetics, such as DNA methylation clocks in age-related diseases, transposable elements and epigenetics, X chromosome inactivation, and the epigenetics of drug addiction - Includes step-by-step instructions in research protocols to aid reproducibility, as well as easy-to-digest disease case studies and clinical trials, providing context and applied examples of recent clinical translation

Stochastic Processes In Cell Biology

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Author : Paul C. Bressloff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-10

Stochastic Processes In Cell Biology written by Paul C. Bressloff and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-10 with Mathematics categories.

This book develops the theory of continuous and discrete stochastic processes within the context of cell biology. In the second edition the material has been significantly expanded, particularly within the context of nonequilibrium and self-organizing systems. Given the amount of additional material, the book has been divided into two volumes, with volume I mainly covering molecular processes and volume II focusing on cellular processes. A wide range of biological topics are covered in the new edition, including stochastic ion channels and excitable systems, molecular motors, stochastic gene networks, genetic switches and oscillators, epigenetics, normal and anomalous diffusion in complex cellular environments, stochastically-gated diffusion, active intracellular transport, signal transduction, cell sensing, bacterial chemotaxis, intracellular pattern formation, cell polarization, cell mechanics, biological polymers and membranes, nuclear structure and dynamics, biological condensates, molecular aggregation and nucleation, cellular length control, cell mitosis, cell motility, cell adhesion, cytoneme-based morphogenesis, bacterial growth, and quorum sensing. The book also provides a pedagogical introduction to the theory of stochastic and nonequilibrium processes – Fokker Planck equations, stochastic differential equations, stochastic calculus, master equations and jump Markov processes, birth-death processes, Poisson processes, first passage time problems, stochastic hybrid systems, queuing and renewal theory, narrow capture and escape, extreme statistics, search processes and stochastic resetting, exclusion processes, WKB methods, large deviation theory, path integrals, martingales and branching processes, numerical methods, linear response theory, phase separation, fluctuation-dissipation theorems, age-structured models, and statistical field theory. This text is primarily aimed at graduate students and researchers working in mathematical biology, statistical and biological physicists, and applied mathematicians interested in stochastic modeling. Applied probabilists should also find it of interest. It provides significant background material in applied mathematics and statistical physics, and introduces concepts in stochastic and nonequilibrium processes via motivating biological applications. The book is highly illustrated and contains a large number of examples and exercises that further develop the models and ideas in the body of the text. It is based on a course that the author has taught at the University of Utah for many years.

The Three Functional States Of Proteins

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Author : Timir Tripathi
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-11-17

The Three Functional States Of Proteins written by Timir Tripathi and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-17 with Science categories.

The Three Functional States of Proteins explores how structured proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins, and phase separated proteins contribute to the complexity of cellular life, and offers insights into their roles in both health and disease. It discusses the latest research findings and highlight groundbreaking discoveries and innovative methodologies used to study these protein states.Traditionally, the different states of proteins have been defined based on their structures and functions. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these criteria alone may not be sufficient to capture the complex and multifaceted properties of these molecules. Definitions based on thermodynamics and kinetics are now recognized as potentially more appropriate for comprehensively understanding protein states. Emerging evidence indicates that under physiological conditions, a majority of proteins possess the capability to exist in and transition between the native, droplet, and amyloid states. These distinct states play crucial roles in various cellular functions, influenced significantly by their physicochemical and structural properties. The book also considers the interactions among these states and discusses how their internal organization as individual molecules, as well as their collective organization as molecular assemblies are stabilized. Furthermore, it examines the processes by which these states are formed and the cellular functions associated with each specific state. - The book serves as an introduction to a unique volume that provides comprehensive coverage of these three functional states of proteins - The chapters are written by leading global scientists who are actively engaged in research on these specific protein states - It presents a broad picture of the current, emerging, and evolving research on these protein states - Given that this book comprehensively addresses both foundational concepts and recent advancements in the field, it will appeal a broad spectrum of readers from various academic disciplines