Photon Counting Detectors For X Ray Imaging
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Photon Counting Detectors For X Ray Imaging
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Author : Hiroaki Hayashi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-02-15
Photon Counting Detectors For X Ray Imaging written by Hiroaki Hayashi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book first provides readers with an introduction to the underlying physics and state-of-the-art application of photon counting detectors for X-ray imaging. The authors explain that a photon-counting imaging detector can realize quantitative analysis because the detector can derive X-ray attenuation information based on the analysis of intensity changes of individual X-ray. To realize this analysis, it is important to consider the physics of an object and detector material. In this book, the authors introduce a novel analytical procedure to create quantitative X-ray images for medical diagnosis.
Photon Counting Detectors For X Ray Imaging
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Author : Hiroaki Hayashi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Photon Counting Detectors For X Ray Imaging written by Hiroaki Hayashi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This book first provides readers with an introduction to the underlying physics and state-of-the-art application of photon counting detectors for X-ray imaging. The authors explain that a photon-counting imaging detector can realize quantitative analysis because the detector can derive X-ray attenuation information based on the analysis of intensity changes of individual X-ray. To realize this analysis, it is important to consider the physics of an object and detector material. In this book, the authors introduce a novel analytical procedure to create quantitative X-ray images for medical diagnosis. Provides a detailed explanation of the principle of imaging using an energy integrating detector (EID) which is currently being used as an X-ray imaging detector in medicine; Provides a single-source reference that enables readers to understand photon-counting techniques, including the underlying basic physics, specific physics of the detector, novel analytical procedure and future scope; Includes necessary background information and state-of-the-art applications; Demonstrates procedure using a simulation study and a proto-type imaging detector; Presents information in a manner which makes it easier for readers to reproduce results.
Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography
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Author : Katsuyuki Taguchi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-07-14
Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography written by Katsuyuki Taguchi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography is a comprehensive cover of the latest developments in the most prevalent imaging modality (x-ray computed tomography (CT)) in its latest incarnation: Spectral, Dual-Energy, and Photon Counting CT. Disadvantages of the conventional single-energy technique used by CT technology are that different materials cannot be distinguished and that the noise is larger. To address these problems, a novel spectral CT concept has been proposed. Spectral Dual-Energy CT (DE-CT) acquires two sets of spectral data, and Spectral Photon Counting CT (PC-CT) detects energy of x-ray photons to reveal additional material information of objects by using novel energy-sensitive, photon-counting detectors. The K-edge imaging may be a gateway for functional or molecular CT. The book covers detectors and electronics, image reconstruction methods, image quality assessments, a simulation tool, nanoparticle contrast agents, and clinical applications for spectral CT.
Color X Ray Imaging And Photon Counting With Temporally Oversampled Cmos Image Sensors
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Author : Donald B. Hondongwa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Color X Ray Imaging And Photon Counting With Temporally Oversampled Cmos Image Sensors written by Donald B. Hondongwa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
X-ray imaging is an indispensable tool for medical imaging allowing the non-invasive viewing of the internal structure and function of an organism. Unfortunately, the imaging performance is limited by the loss of x-ray energy information that occurs during typical imaging processes. This sometimes necessitates the use of higher x-ray doses during an imaging session which can be damaging to the patient. Shifting to photon-counting detectors offers a means to correct for some of the performance loss that results from this loss of energy information. Basic x-ray photon counting seeks to identify the presence of a single x-ray quanta, but with additional processing circuitry, it is also possible to estimate the x-ray photon energy. By utilizing temporal oversampling, and imaging at over 1000 frames per second (1000 fps), each x-ray quanta absorbed by the detector can be counted. The sensor produces a binary output corresponding to the detected x-ray absorption events. To examine the underlying hypothesis that x-ray photon counting can be implemented with a temporally-oversampled CMOS image sensor, a prototype x-ray quanta image sensor (XQIS) was designed and fabricated using a commercial CMOS image sensor process. An accompanying system level model was also developed. The additional hypothesis that energy (color) information can be preserved during the imaging process with the XQIS is examined using the thresholding circuitry that the prototype sensor was designed with. An additional novel pixel structure incorporating both counting and integrating circuitry has been designed for color imaging and augmented dynamic range.
Photon Counting Computed Tomography
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Author : Scott Hsieh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-05-27
Photon Counting Computed Tomography written by Scott Hsieh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of Photon Counting CT technology for X-ray medical imaging, especially as it pertains to new detectors. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in CT medical imaging. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the X-ray signal into analogue/digital value will be covered in some chapters. The authors also provide a review of CMOS chips for X-ray image sensors, methods of material discrimination and image reconstruction techniques. Covers a broad range of topics, including an introduction to novel spectral Computed Tomography; Includes in-depth analysis on how to optimize X-ray detection; Discusses analysis of electronics for X-ray detection.
Advanced X Ray Detector Technologies
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Author : Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-10
Advanced X Ray Detector Technologies written by Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book offers readers an overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of detectors for X-ray imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications, with an in-depth review of the research topics from leading specialists in the field. Emphasis is on high-Z materials like CdTe, CZT and perovskites, since they offer the best implementation possibilities for direct conversion X-ray detectors. Authors discuss material challenges, detector operation physics and technology and readout integrated circuits required to detect signals processes by high-Z sensors.
Radiation Detectors For Medical Imaging
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Author : Jan S. Iwanczyk
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-10-16
Radiation Detectors For Medical Imaging written by Jan S. Iwanczyk and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Radiation Detectors for Medical Imaging discusses the current state of the art and future prospects of photon-counting detectors for medical imaging applications. Featuring contributions from leading experts and pioneers in their respective fields, this book:Describes x-ray spectral imaging detectors based on cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) and cad
Application Of Photon Counting Detectors To X Ray Ct Systems
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Author : Xu Ji
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Application Of Photon Counting Detectors To X Ray Ct Systems written by Xu Ji and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Recently, photon counting detectors (PCDs) have attracted a lot of research interest for applications in x-ray imaging. This type of detector utilizes a detection mechanism which counts each individual photon and offers several attractive features, including low dark current signal, high spatial resolution, high detective quantum efficiency and energy resolving capability. Therefore, PCDs have the potential to improve the current computed tomography (CT) technology in the field of low dose CT and spectral CT imaging. However, some technical challenges remain in PCD technology, e.g., loss of counts under a high flux x-ray beam and spectral distortion due to shared charges between pixels. Meanwhile, the detection mechanism of PCDs brings about additional detector settings, e.g., detector thresholds and operational modes. The optimization of the selection of PCD settings for a specific imaging task may become an issue for the users. In this dissertation, the research focus is on the incorporation of a PCD into an x-ray CT system for a specific clinical or research purpose. The major objectives of the dissertation are (i) to perform a theoretical analysis to model the behavior of PCDs under different detector settings and incoming x-ray spectra; (ii) to develop a framework to optimize the detector settings for a given imaging task; and (iii) to utilize the energy resolving capability of the PCDs for three-material decomposition. There are three major outcomes corresponding to the three objectives. (i) A cascaded system analysis was performed which incorporated the anti-charge sharing function of the PCDs. The cascaded model is capable of predicting the multiplicity, zero-frequency detective quantum efficiency and energy response function of a CdTe-based PCD. (ii) A benchtop PCD-based CT system was optimized for the intracranial hemorrhage evaluation tasks. The optimized CT images from the PCD-based CT system demonstrated advantages over those from a commercial diagnostic CT system. (iii) The PCD operated under spectral mode was innovatively combined with the x-ray differential phase contrast imaging technique to enable a three-material decomposition task. The decomposition results demonstrated potential advantages over those using the three energy bins from a PCD. The methods and results in this dissertation should facilitate the applications of PCDs to modern x-ray CT systems in the future.
Advanced X Ray Radiation Detection
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Author : Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-07-04
Advanced X Ray Radiation Detection written by Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book offers readers an overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of technology for X-ray medical imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications in SPECT, PET and CT, with an in-depth review of the research topics from leading specialists in the field. Coverage includes conversion of the X-ray signal into analogue/digital value, as well as a review of CMOS chips for X-ray image sensors. Emphasis is on high-Z materials like CdTe, CZT and GaAs, since they offer the best implementation possibilities for direct conversion X-ray detectors. The discussion includes material challenges, detector operation physics and technology and readout integrated circuits required to detect signals processes by high-Z sensors. Authors contrast these emerging technologies with more established ones based on scintillator materials. This book is an excellent reference for people already working in the field as well as for people wishing to enter it.
Radiation Detection Systems
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Author : Krzysztof Iniewski
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-11-05
Radiation Detection Systems written by Krzysztof Iniewski and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-05 with Medical categories.
The advances in semiconductor detectors, scintillators, photodetectors such as silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), and reaodut electronics have experienced tremendous growth in recent years in terms of basic technologies and variety of applications.The second edition of the book Radiation Detection Systems presents variety of radiation detection systems giving readers a broad view of the state-of–the-art in the design of detectors, front-end electronics and systems offering optimized choices of the detection tools for a particular application. The new edition has been divided into two volumes. This first volume, on Sensor Materials, Systems, Technology and Characterization Measurements puts emphasis on sensor materials, detector structures, front electronics technology and their designs as well as system optimization for different applications. Also, the book include characterization measurements of the developed detection systems. Featuring contributions from leading experts and pioneers in their respective fields, this book • describes progress in growth technologies of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials • shows variety of specific detector structure designs and their integration with front-end amplification/processing electronics • presents detection systems based on CdZnTe and CdTe detector technologies that are optimized for specific applications. The designed systems are characterized in terms of their spectral responses, spatial and timing resolutions • addresses incomplete charge collection, pulse pileup, charge sharing between neighboring detector pixels and other phenomena that can degrade the spectral response of photon-counting detectors • reports new developments of silicon photomultipliers used for reading the light from scintillators that starting to make a big impact particularly in the design concepts of novel medical instrumentation With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this book is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field. Readers can refer to the second book to get a detailed understanding of more specific applications of the detection systems in medical imaging, industrial testing and security applications.