Photonic Integrated Phased Array Technology
DOWNLOAD
Download Photonic Integrated Phased Array Technology PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Photonic Integrated Phased Array Technology book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Photonic Integrated Phased Array Technology
DOWNLOAD
Author : Tao Dong
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2024-03-21
Photonic Integrated Phased Array Technology written by Tao Dong and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book primarily focuses on the authors’ research and practical achievements in the field of photonic integrated phased arrays in recent years. Firstly, a comprehensive introduction on the concept, operation principles, and research progress of photonic integrated phased arrays is introduced. Then, detailed explanations of the optical antenna and array design in photonic integrated phased arrays are given. Combined with design cases of silicon-based optical phased arrays with different scales, the design methods for achieving low sidelobes are deeply researched, and the test principle and design of photonic integrated phased arrays are elaborated. Finally, the design, implementation, and test of photonic integrated phased arrays are illustrated through a detailed case study on the development of a silicon-based optical phased array chip and verify its short-distance space optical communication based on the chip. This book is dedicated to integrating the theory, design, processing, and test cases of photonic integrated phased arrays, and it provides a valuable reference for researchers and designers in the field of optical phased array technology.
Integrated Silicon Photonic Optical Phased Array For Free Space Optical Interconnect
DOWNLOAD
Author : Francis A. Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Integrated Silicon Photonic Optical Phased Array For Free Space Optical Interconnect written by Francis A. Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
"Integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) are rapidly becoming one of the most promising technologies for future light detection and ranging (LIDAR) applications, thanks to their advantages in size, weight, and power consumption as compared to conventional solutions. Large-scale OPAs can leverage high integration densities of electronic-photonic integrated circuit technology to generate finer beamwidth, better beamsteering control, and higher optical power. Free-space optical interconnects (FSOI) are emerging as an attractive alternative to planar electrical interconnects for inter- and intra-chip data communications. By leveraging the third dimension above the chip surface, FSOI solutions can offer higher bandwidth density compared to on-chip, waveguide-based solutions. Through 3-D integration, low cost, CMOS-compatible, silicon photonic FSOI systems for high performance data center communications are within reach. The versatility of integrated OPAs can address the accurate alignment requirements of such systems to ensure robust link performance. At optical frequencies, the conventional design of phased arrays relies on the Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD method explicitly calculates the evolution of the array pattern from a finely discretized spatial representation of the entire array over a short time scale. Thus, computation accuracy is directly traded for simulation time. In addition, the modeling techniques to manage this tradeoff do not accommodate asymmetric arrays or allow array analysis at the system level. In this work, I present an OPA circuit design based on the synthesis method, which significantly relaxes the computational cost, time, and accuracy tradeoffs of OPA design at optical frequencies by using the radiation pattern of a single emitter element to synthesize that of the whole array. Instead of modeling an entire emitter array using the FDTD method, the synthesis approach requires only a single emitter to be simulated using 3-D FDTD. A design flow based on phased array synthesis allows accurate and robust modeling of arbitrary 1-D and 2-D OPAs, and enables optimization of device parameters and array coefficients across the device and system levels. OPAs serving FSOI and LIDAR applications require scalable architectures, and full phase control for 2-D, grating-lobe free beamsteering. 2-D phased array beamsteering can be efficiently achieved with 2-D apertures. However, significant design challenges emerge when 2-D apertures are scaled. The number of individually addressable emitters within a 2-D aperture is limited by the number of waveguides that can be interwoven between the emitters. As the emitter pitch is increased to accommodate the waveguides, the grating lobe pitch decreases, and the field-of-view of the array is reduced. Furthermore, independent phase control of each emitter is necessary to maximize beamsteering range. For each emitter, a corresponding phase shifter is required. Thus, power consumption scales with the number of emitters within the aperture. A non-uniform distribution of emitters in a sparse array configuration can relax the design tradeoffs of scaling a 2-D aperture. In an optimized sparse array, the beamforming performance of the uniform array is preserved with significantly fewer emitters. Thus, fewer phase shifters are required and beamsteering power consumption is reduced. However, there is no closed-form solution to guide the optimization of a 2-D sparse aperture. Conventional sparse aperture design relies on the genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm numerically emulates the evolutionary behaviors of DNA: mutation, crossover, and natural selection. For large apertures at optical frequencies, the genetic algorithm quickly becomes computationally prohibitive when compounded with hundreds to thousands of iterations. In addition, the optimized layout of emitters follows the uniform grid of the reference array. Arrays with a non-grid geometry may possess desirable pattern properties. However, these potential solutions lie outside the solution space and are treated as outliers by the genetic algorithm. The phased array synthesis design flow is used to develop a new technique for sparse OPA design by layout-constrained, array factor (LCAF) optimization. Instead of evaluating a large set of potential solutions, the LCAF method reduces the sparse optimization problem to three fundamental arrays, and leverages a triangular array geometry to achieve a scalable OPA aperture. The triangular array is distributed in a diagonally asymmetric configuration to increase waveguide routing area, and preserve the beamforming properties of an equivalent dense array. This diagonally asymmetric array geometry is designed to potentially increase orthogonal free-space optical beam steering range compared to conventional rectangular grid OPA geometries. The synthesis method is used to develop an OPA chip prototype in a standard silicon photonic technology. A technique is developed to leverage the natural static bias of the optical waveguide channels to reduce the power required for beamsteering control. Further, multi-function optical beam control is explored through subarray beam splitting. The fabricated chip prototype is packaged and tested in a custom free-space imaging test bench. A closed-loop, component-to-system optimization is used in both circuit design and testing. The measured beamwidth of the sparse OPA is 2.13 degrees in phi and 0.67 degrees in theta. The measured grating lobe free beamsteering range in phi is 20 degrees, and in theta is 24 degrees. The measurement results agree with the simulations and are successfully verified by the design"--Pages x-xii
Nanophotonic Visible Light Phased Arrays
DOWNLOAD
Author : Manan Raval
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Nanophotonic Visible Light Phased Arrays written by Manan Raval and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Previously demonstrated integrated optical phased arrays have primarily been implemented in silicon-based platforms and have therefore been limited to operation at infrared wavelengths, where silicon provides low-loss transmission. Developing integrated optical phased arrays for visible wavelengths would enable the exploration of new applications for this technology, such as autostereoscopic displays and neuronal targeting for optogenetics. The work presented in this thesis involves the development of visible light integrated optical phased array components and systems with a focus on autostereoscopic image projection applications. Practical 3D microdisplay applications will require (1) large-aperture phased array systems for diffraction minimization, (2) integrated phase modulation for implementing dynamically reconfigurable phased array antenna elements, and (3) a phased array system architecture for accurately encoding the light field of virtual objects. Integrated photonic architectures for all three aforementioned goals are investigated in this thesis. With respect to the first goal, a 1x1 mm2 aperture visible light phased array with a near diffraction limited far-field spot size is demonstrated. With respect to the second goal, the design of an integrated phase modulator based on the electro-optic tuning of a nematic liquid crystal waveguide cladding layer is developed and a near-x phase shift is demonstrated in a fabricated device. Finally, an autostereoscopic image projection system comprised of multiple tiled phased arrays configured to project a virtual image with parallax in one dimension within an 8.58° field of view is demonstrated.
Selected Papers On Photonic Control Systems For Phased Array Antennas
DOWNLOAD
Author : Nabeel A. Riza
language : en
Publisher: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
Release Date : 1997
Selected Papers On Photonic Control Systems For Phased Array Antennas written by Nabeel A. Riza and has been published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Topics in this volume include: antenna beamforming using optical processor; novel optical techniques for phased-array processing; and optically-controlled phased array radar receiver using SLM switched real time delays.
Rf Photonics For Phased Arrays
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Rf Photonics For Phased Arrays written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
The initial goals of this project were to examine and develop practical photonic technologies suitable for shared aperture phased array environments. This effort resulted in an integrated optically variable capacitor (OVC) technology which can be implemented in a variety of RF circuit and radiating structures for optical control. This technology was developed using monolithic GaAs based photovoltaic devices and varactors developed at UCSB. A novel integration scheme and circuit were successfully developed and demonstrated in several RF circuits (tunable filters and phase shifters) and antennas (planar folded slot structures). An especially attractive feature of the technology is the extremely low optical power requirement; the tunable circuits were all controlled with less then 1 mW of optical power, in some cases less than 500 micro-W. In addition, the indirect nature of the optical control allows for the independent development and optimization of the optical and RF circuits, allowing for improved performance in both the optical and RF regimes, and also making the technology amenable to retrofitting. The resulting technology is well suited to control of shared aperture systems where the attractive features of optical control (light weight, low transmission loss, high speed, high isolation, microwave transparency, and immunity to EMI) are required.
Principles Of Photonic Integrated Circuits
DOWNLOAD
Author : Richard Osgood jr.
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-21
Principles Of Photonic Integrated Circuits written by Richard Osgood jr. and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-21 with Science categories.
This graduate-level textbook presents the principles, design methods, simulation, and materials of photonic circuits. It provides state-of-the-art examples of silicon, indium phosphide, and other materials frequently used in these circuits, and includes a thorough discussion of all major types of devices. In addition, the book discusses the integrated photonic circuits (chips) that are currently increasingly employed on the international technology market in connection with short-range and long-range data communication. Featuring references from the latest research in the field, as well as chapter-end summaries and problem sets, Principles of Photonic Integrated Circuits is ideal for any graduate-level course on integrated photonics, or optical technology and communication.
System Level Integrated Circuit Slic Technology Development For Phased Array Antenna Applications
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
System Level Integrated Circuit Slic Technology Development For Phased Array Antenna Applications written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Integrated Optical Phased Arrays For Three Dimensional Display Applications
DOWNLOAD
Author : Manan Raval
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Integrated Optical Phased Arrays For Three Dimensional Display Applications written by Manan Raval and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The compatibility of silicon photonic platforms with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes has facilitated a surge in the development of silicon-based integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and free-space communications. However, silicon is limited to operating at infrared wavelengths since its bandgap prevents visible light transmission. The development of integrated OPAs for arbitrary complex wavefront synthesis in the visible spectrum would enable the expansion of this technology into a multitude of new applications spaces such as optical trapping, imaging through scattering media, underwater LiDAR, optogenetic stimulation, and three-dimensional (3D) displays. Silicon nitride, a CMOS-compatible material that is transparent in the visible spectrum, may be used as the waveguiding material in phased array systems designed for the above applications. In this work, we develop large-scale visible light integrated OPA systems fabricated in a silicon-nitride-based platform for 3D display applications. We begin by presenting the first demonstrations of visible light integrated OPAs. Building on this, we demonstrate a chip-scale architecture for autostereoscopic image projection using a system of multiple integrated OPAs to reconstruct virtual light fields. Specically, we generate a static virtual 3D image with horizontal parallax and a viewing angle of 5. Next, we present an architecture for realizing a transparent near-eye direct-view augmented/mixed reality (AR/MR) display using a system of integrated OPAs to directly project holographic images onto the user's retina. This display architecture was developed to address the deficiencies in current AR/MR headsets with respect to brightness, field of view (FOV), and the vergence-accommodation conflict, which causes eye fatigue. Here, we present a passive demonstration of the display as well as a number of key photonic components required to realize a system for 3D video.
System Level Integrated Circuit Slic Technology Development For Phased Array Antenna Applications
DOWNLOAD
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-16
System Level Integrated Circuit Slic Technology Development For Phased Array Antenna Applications written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-16 with categories.
This report documents the efforts and progress in developing a 'system-level' integrated circuit, or SLIC, for application in advanced phased array antenna systems. The SLIC combines radio-frequency (RF) microelectronics, digital and analog support circuitry, and photonic interfaces into a single micro-hybrid assembly. Together, these technologies provide not only the amplitude and phase control necessary for electronic beam steering in the phased array, but also add thermally-compensated automatic gain control, health and status feedback, bias regulation, and reduced interconnect complexity. All circuitry is integrated into a compact, multilayer structure configured for use as a two-by-four element phased array module, operating at 20 Gigahertz, using a Microwave High-Density Interconnect (MHDI) process. The resultant hardware is constructed without conventional wirebonds, maintains tight inter-element spacing, and leads toward low-cost mass production. The measured performances and development issues associated with both the two-by-four element module and the constituent elements are presented. Additionally, a section of the report describes alternative architectures and applications supported by the SLIC electronics. Test results show excellent yield and performance of RF circuitry and full automatic gain control for multiple, independent channels. Digital control function, while suffering from lower manufacturing yield, also proved successful. Windyka, John A. and Zablocki, Ed G. Glenn Research Center...
Integrated Optical Phased Arrays For Lidar Applications
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ami Yaacobi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Integrated Optical Phased Arrays For Lidar Applications written by Ami Yaacobi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
It is no wonder that research in Si photonics (optical components embedded on a silicon platform) has bloomed so rapidly the last few years. Combining low loss, strong refractive index contrast (and, thus, light confinement), with electro-optical and thermo-optical effects, allows for the fabrication of dense and complex electro-optical Si photonics systems. Moreover, because it is based on the well-established platforms of the CMOS industry, Si photonics is expected to rapidly shift from a research field to the production of high volume, low cost, complex, integrated electro-optical systems. One class of systems receiving increasing interest are Nanophotonic Phased Arrays (NPAs), which offer free space emission of a manipulated beam that can be steered, focused, have controlled angular momentum and even create holograms. Still, some substantial challenges remain in applying these NPAs to real systems. Large cell size and spacing between adjacent antennas produce multiple beams and reduce effective steering angle. In addition, small beam angle requirements and large aperture in NPAs receivers demand large phased array size. In order to allow for both steering angle and large aperture, a large array with small cell size is required resulting large number of unit cells in one array. In this work, we first propose two metallic nanoantennas to couple between a waveguide mode to free space radiation. Then, by combining existing Si photonic components like directional couplers and modulators with optical antennas and phase shifters that were designed for this goal we demonstrate, in this work, several NPAs for various applications. Using unique architecture, we then, specifically focus on a, NPA based, lidar. These lidar systems are essential components in any autonomous system maneuvering in an undefined environment. An on chip lidar like this one can serve, for example, in the automotive industry for safety enhancement and to allow autonomous driving functionality at an affordable price.