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Physics Of Fast Processes In Scintillators

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Physics Of Fast Processes In Scintillators

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Author : Mikhail Korzhik
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-03-09

Physics Of Fast Processes In Scintillators written by Mikhail Korzhik and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-09 with Science categories.

This book presents the current advances in understanding of the fast excitation transfer processes in inorganic scintillation materials, the discovery of new materials exhibiting excellent time resolution, and the results on the evaluation of timing limits for scintillation detectors. The book considers in-depth basic principles of primary processes in energy relaxation, which play a key role in creating scintillating centers to meet a growing demand for knowledge to develop new materials combining high energy and time resolutions. The rate of relaxation varies. However, the goal is to make it extremely fast, occurring within the ps domain or even shorter. The book focuses on fast processes in scintillation materials. This approach enables in-depth understanding of fundamental processes in scintillation and supports the efforts to push the time resolution of scintillation detectors towards 10 ps target. Sophisticated theoretical and advanced experimental research conducted in the last decade is reviewed. Engineering and control of the energy transfer processes in the scintillation materials are addressed. The new era in development of instrumentation for detection of ionizing radiation in high- energy physics experiments, medical imaging and industrial applications is introduced. This book reviews modern trends in the description of the scintillation build up processes in inorganic materials, transient phenomena, and engineering of the scintillation properties. It also provides reliable background of scientific and educational information to stimulate new ideas for readers to implement in their research and engineering. The book is aimed at providing a coherent updated background of scientific and instructive information to stimulate new ideas for readers in their research and engineering.

Physical Processes In Inorganic Scintillators

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Author : Piotr A. Rodnyi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-12-17

Physical Processes In Inorganic Scintillators written by Piotr A. Rodnyi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-17 with Science categories.

During the last ten to fifteen years, researchers have made considerable progress in the study of inorganic scintillators. New scintillation materials have been investigated, novel scintillation mechanisms have been discovered, and additional scintillator applications have appeared. Demand continues for new and improved scintillation materials for a variety of applications including nuclear and high energy physics, astrophysics, medical imaging, geophysical exploration, radiation detection, and many other fields. However, until now there have been no books available that address in detail the complex scintillation processes associated with these new developments. Now, a world leader in the theory and applications of scintillation processes integrates the latest scientific advances of scintillation into a new work, Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators. Written by distinguished researcher Piotr Rodnyi, this volume explores this challenging subject, explains the complexities of scintillation from a modern point of view, and illuminates the way to the development of better scintillation materials. This unique work first defines the fundamental physical processes underlying scintillation and governing the primary scintillation characteristics of light output, decay time, emission spectrum, and radiation hardness. The book then discusses the complicated mechanisms of energy conversion and transformation in inorganic scintillators. The section on the role of defects in energy transfer and scintillation efficiency will be of special interest. Throughout, the author does not offer complicated derivations of equations but, instead, presents useful equations with practical results.

Engineering Of Scintillation Materials And Radiation Technologies

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Author : Mikhail Korzhik
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-09-13

Engineering Of Scintillation Materials And Radiation Technologies written by Mikhail Korzhik and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-13 with Science categories.

This proceedings book presents dual approaches to examining new theoretical models and their applicability in the search for new scintillation materials and, ultimately, the development of industrial technologies. The ISMART conferences bring together the radiation detector community, from fundamental research scientists to applied physics experts, engineers, and experts on the implementation of advanced solutions. This scientific forum builds a bridge between the different parts of the community and is the basis for multidisciplinary, cooperative research and development efforts. The main goals of the conference series are to review the latest results in scintillator development, from theory to applications, and to arrive at a deeper understanding of fundamental processes, as well as to discover components for the production of new generations of scintillation materials. The book highlights recent findings and hypotheses, key advances, as well as exotic detector designs and solutions, and includes papers on the microtheory of scintillation and the initial phase of luminescence development, applications of the various materials, as well as the development and characterization of ionizing radiation detection equipment. It also touches on the increased demand for cryogenic scintillators, the renaissance of garnet materials for scintillator applications, nano-structuring in scintillator development, trends in and applications for security, and exploration of hydrocarbons and ecological monitoring.

Physical Processes In Inorganic Scintillators

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Author : Piotr A. Rodnyi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1997-05-30

The Theory And Practice Of Scintillation Counting

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Author : J. B. Birks
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22

The Theory And Practice Of Scintillation Counting written by J. B. Birks and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting is a comprehensive account of the theory and practice of scintillation counting. This text covers the study of the scintillation process, which is concerned with the interactions of radiation and matter; the design of the scintillation counter; and the wide range of applications of scintillation counters in pure and applied science. The book is easy to read despite the complex nature of the subject it attempts to discuss. It is organized such that the first five chapters illustrate the fundamental concepts of scintillation counting. Chapters 6 to 10 detail the properties and applications of organic scintillators, while the next four chapters discuss inorganic scintillators. The last two chapters provide a review of some outstanding problems and a postscript. Nuclear physicists, radiation technologists, and postgraduate students of nuclear physics will find the book a good reference material.

Particle Detectors

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Author : Hermann Kolanoski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Science categories.

Introduction -- Overview, history and concepts -- Interactions of particles with matter -- Movement of charge carriers in electric and magnetic fields -- Signal formation by moving charges -- Non-electronic detectors -- Gas-filled detectors -- Semiconductor detectors -- Track reconstruction and momentum measurement -- Photodetectors -- Cherenkov detectors -- Transition radiation detectors -- Scintillation detectors -- Particle identification -- Calorimeters -- Detectors for cosmic particles, neutrinos and exotic matter -- Signal processing, readout and noise -- Trigger and data acquisition systems -- Appendix A Dosimetry and radioactive sources -- Appendix B Weighting potential of segmented electrodes -- Appendix C Diffusion effects in drift chambers -- Appendix D Ionisation statistics in drift chambers -- Appendix E Position resolution of structured electrodes -- Appendix F Fitting of track models -- Appendix G LPM effect -- Appendix H Laplace transform -- Appendix I Physical noise sources -- Bibliography -- Abbreviations -- Index.

Plastic Scintillators

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Author : Matthieu Hamel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-07-10

Plastic Scintillators written by Matthieu Hamel and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-10 with Science categories.

This book introduces the physics and chemistry of plastic scintillators (fluorescent polymers) that are able to emit light when exposed to ionizing radiation, discussing their chemical modification in the early 1950s and 1960s, as well as the renewed upsurge in interest in the 21st century. The book presents contributions from various researchers on broad aspects of plastic scintillators, from physics, chemistry, materials science and applications, covering topics such as the chemical nature of the polymer and/or the fluorophores, modification of the photophysical properties (decay time, emission wavelength) and loading of additives to make the material more sensitive to, e.g., fast neutrons, thermal neutrons or gamma rays. It also describes the benefits of recent technological advances for plastic scintillators, such as nanomaterials and quantum dots, which allow features that were previously not achievable with regular organic molecules or organometallics.

Inorganic Scintillators For Detector Systems

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Author : Paul Lecoq
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-25

Inorganic Scintillators For Detector Systems written by Paul Lecoq and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-25 with Science categories.

This second edition features new chapters highlighting advances in our understanding of the behavior and properties of scintillators, and the discovery of new families of materials with light yield and excellent energy resolution very close to the theoretical limit. The book focuses on the discovery of next-generation scintillation materials and on a deeper understanding of fundamental processes. Such novel materials with high light yield as well as significant advances in crystal engineering offer exciting new perspectives. Most promising is the application of scintillators for precise time tagging of events, at the level of 100 ps or higher, heralding a new era in medical applications and particle physics. Since the discovery of the Higgs Boson with a clear signature in the lead tungstate scintillating blocks of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter detector, the current trend in particle physics is toward very high luminosity colliders, in which timing performance will ultimately be essential to mitigating pile-up problems. New and extremely fast light production mechanisms based on Hot-Intraband-Luminescence as well as quantum confinement are exploited for this purpose. Breakthroughs such as crystal engineering by means of co-doping procedures and selection of cations with small nuclear fragmentation cross-sections will also pave the way for the development of more advanced and radiation-hard materials. Similar innovations are expected in medical imaging, nuclear physics ecology, homeland security, space instrumentation and industrial applications. This second edition also reviews modern trends in our understanding and the engineering of scintillation materials. Readers will find new and updated references and information, as well as new concepts and inspirations to implement in their own research and engineering endeavors.

Multicomponent Crystals Based On Heavy Metal Fluorides For Radiation Detectors

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Author : Boris Petrovich Sobolev
language : en
Publisher: Institut d'Estudis Catalans
Release Date : 1994

Multicomponent Crystals Based On Heavy Metal Fluorides For Radiation Detectors written by Boris Petrovich Sobolev and has been published by Institut d'Estudis Catalans this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Crystal optics categories.

From Magnetic To Bioactive Materials

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Author : Rainer Pöttgen
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2022-12-05

From Magnetic To Bioactive Materials written by Rainer Pöttgen and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-05 with Science categories.

Many elements and inorganic compounds play an extraordinary role in daily life for numerous applications, e. g., construction materials, inorganic pigments, inorganic coatings, steel, glass, technical gases, energy storage and conversion materials, fertilizers, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, photofunctional materials, semiconductors, superconductors, soft- and hard magnets, technical ceramics, hard materials, or biomedical and bioactive materials. The present book is written by experienced authors who give a comprehensive overview on the many chemical and physico-chemical aspects related to application of inorganic compounds and materials in order to introduce senior undergraduate and postgraduate students (chemists, physicists, materials scientists, engineers) into this broad field. Volume 3 presents electronic, magnetic, biomedical, carbon- and sulfur-based materials and ceramics. Vol. 1. From Construction Materials to Technical Gases. Vol. 2. From Energy Storage to Photofunctional Materials.

Physics Of Fast Processes In Scintillators

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