Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude
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Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude
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Author : Rodrigo Iturriaga
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-06-22
Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude written by Rodrigo Iturriaga and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-22 with categories.
The appearance of photosynthetic organisms about 3 billion years ago increased the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the atmosphere and enabled the evolution of organisms that use glucose and oxygen to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Hypoxia is commonly defined as the reduced availability of oxygen in the tissues produced by different causes, which include reduction of atmospheric PO2 as in high altitude, and secondary to pathological conditions such as sleep breathing and pulmonary disorders, anemia, and cardiovascular alterations leading to inadequate transport, delivery, and exchange of oxygen between capillaries and cells. Nowadays, it has been shown that hypoxia plays an important role in the genesis of several human pathologies including cardiovascular, renal, myocardial and cerebral diseases in fetal, young and adult life. Several mechanisms have evolved to maintain oxygen homeostasis. Certainly, all cells respond and adapt to hypoxia, but only a few of them can detect hypoxia and initiate a cascade of signals intended to produce a functional systemic response. In mammals, oxygen detection mechanisms have been extensively studied in erythropoietin-producing cells, chromaffin cells, bulbar and cortical neurons, pulmonary neuroepithelial cells, smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arteries, and chemoreceptor cells. While the precise mechanism underpinning oxygen, sensing is not completely known several molecular entities have been proposed as possible oxygen sensors (i.e. Hem proteins, ion channels, NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase). Remarkably, cellular adaptation to hypoxia is mediated by the master oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which can induce up-regulation of different genes to cope the cellular effects related to a decrease in oxygen levels. Short-term responses to hypoxia included mainly chemoreceptor-mediated reflex ventilatory and hemodynamic adaptations to manage the low oxygen concentration while more prolonged exposures to hypoxia can elicit more sustained physiological responses including switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, vascularization, and enhancement of blood O2 carrying capacity. The focus of this research topic is to provide an up-to-date vision on the current knowledge on oxygen sensing mechanism, physiological responses to acute or chronic hypoxia and cellular/tissue/organ adaptations to hypoxic environment.
Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude Volume Ii
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Author : Rodrigo Iturriaga
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-09-14
Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude Volume Ii written by Rodrigo Iturriaga and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-14 with Science categories.
Hypoxia
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Author : Robert C. Roach
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Hypoxia written by Robert C. Roach and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Hypoxia is a constant threat throughout life. International experts from many different fields, including clinicians, clinical researchers, and basic scientists, have contributed to this volume, presenting state-of-the-art information regarding normal and abnormal (pathophysiological) responses to hypoxia. The topics covered include visitors to high altitude, the latest developments on high-altitude cerebral and pulmonary edema, the brain in hypoxia, high-altitude headache, and similarities between ischemic and hypoxic injury to the brain. In addition topics are covered such as blood-brain barrier in hypoxia, hypoxia interactions with vascular growth, and how humans adjust to extreme hypoxia.
High Altitude
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Author : Erik R. Swenson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-26
High Altitude written by Erik R. Swenson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-26 with Medical categories.
Over the last decade the science and medicine of high altitude and hypoxia adaptation has seen great advances. High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia addresses the challenges in dealing with the changes in human physiology and the particular medical conditions that arise from exposure to high altitude. In-depth and comprehensive chapters cover both the basic science and the clinical consequences of exposure to high altitude. Genetic, cellular, organ and whole body system responses to high altitudes are covered and chapters discuss these effects on a wide range of diseases. Expert authors provide insight into the care of patients with pre-existing medical conditions that fail in some cases to adapt as well as offer insights into how high altitude research can help critically ill patients. High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia is an important new volume that offers a window into greater understanding and more successful treatment of hypoxic human diseases.
High Altitude Physiology
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Author : Ruth Porter
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-09-18
High Altitude Physiology written by Ruth Porter and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-18 with Science categories.
The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Physiological Responses To Intermittent Hypoxia In Humans
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Author : Jon C. Kolb
language : en
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Release Date : 2004
Physiological Responses To Intermittent Hypoxia In Humans written by Jon C. Kolb and has been published by Universal-Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.
Recently, endurance athletes and high altitude climbers have gained access to commercially available, portable normobaric hypoxic chambers. Intermittent exposures to hypoxia in these chambers may elicit adaptations similar to those observed during acclimatization to altitude. Manufactures of these systems purport that intermittent exposures may elicit adaptations similar to those observed in response to the hypoxia of high altitude, however there have been no reports in the scientific literature that ventilatory acclimatization or alterations in cerebrovascular dynamics occur following repeated episodes in the portable chambers. The main conclusions are that an intermittent normobaric hypoxic intervention, consisting of five consecutive overnight exposures to a simulated altitude of 4300m, elicits perturbations in the acute cerebrovascular and ventilatory responses to both hypoxia and hypercapnia, which are similar to changes following chronic altitude exposure. Individual variability to intermittent hypoxia may have an impact on the rate at which the process of acclimatization proceeds. The extent of physiological and symptomatic responses to intermittent hypoxia are likely to be associated with the severity of hypoxia as well as the length and number of recurrent episodes of hypoxia.
Going Higher
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Author : Charles S Houston, M.D.
language : en
Publisher: The Mountaineers Books
Release Date : 2005-08-15
Going Higher written by Charles S Houston, M.D. and has been published by The Mountaineers Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-15 with Sports & Recreation categories.
* Cutting-edge information on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat altitude illness and hypoxia in everyday life * Interweaves fascinating research discoveries with dramatic first-person accounts * Authored by a celebrated mountaineer and physician who pioneered research in the field From the time of his historic expedition to Nanda Devi in the high Himalaya, Charles Houston, M.D., was fascinated by the effects of altitude on the human body. Why do people get sick in the mountains? What are the symptoms of hypoxia -- lack of sufficient oxygen -- that also occurs in everyday life, sometimes chronically due to disease? How can we decrease the incidence of illness and death? This edition incorporates current research on the effects of altitude on humans, and Houston (now deceased) joined forces with an educator and a medical writer in a text made even more accessible for the average reader while retaining the depth of material of particular use to the medical community. This edition of this seminal text added chapters on vision and the eye at altitude, chronic and subacute altitude illness, and the limits to work at altitude (with implications for athletic training). It presents information on genetics and gender differences and more on flight and space travel, on understanding and treating sea-level hypoxic illnesses, and on who can (or should not) go to high altitude, and much more. With an expanded glossary of terms.
Man At High Altitude
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Author : Donald Heath
language : en
Publisher: Longman Publishing Group
Release Date : 1977
Man At High Altitude written by Donald Heath and has been published by Longman Publishing Group this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Medical categories.
Data drawn from personal experience and field work carried out in the Andes.
Hypoxia
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Author : Robert C. Roach
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-24
Hypoxia written by Robert C. Roach and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-24 with Medical categories.
The latest in a series of books from the International Hypoxia Symposia, this volume spans reviews on key topics in hypoxia, and abstracts from poster and oral presentations. The biannual International Hypoxia Symposia are dedicated to hosting the best basic scientific and clinical minds to focus on the integrative and translational biology of hypoxia. Long before ‘translational medicine’ was a catchphrase, the founders of the International Hypoxia Symposia brought together basic scientists, clinicians and physiologists to live, eat, ski, innovate and collaborate in the Canadian Rockies. This collection of reviews and abstracts is divided into six sections, each covering new and important work relevant to a broad range of researchers interested in how humans adjust to hypoxia, whether on the top of Mt. Everest or in the pulmonary or cardiology clinic at low altitude. The sections include: Epigenetic Variations in Hypoxia High Altitude Adaptation Hypoxia and Sleep Hypoxia and the Brain Molecular Oxygen Sensing Physiological Responses to Hypoxia
High Altitude Medicine And Pathology
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Author : Donald Heath
language : en
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Release Date : 1989
High Altitude Medicine And Pathology written by Donald Heath and has been published by Butterworth-Heinemann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Medical categories.