Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude Volume Ii
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Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude Volume Ii
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Author : Rodrigo Iturriaga
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-09-14
Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude Volume Ii written by Rodrigo Iturriaga and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-14 with Science categories.
Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude
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Author : Rodrigo Iturriaga
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-06-22
Physiological And Pathological Responses To Hypoxia And High Altitude written by Rodrigo Iturriaga and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-22 with categories.
The appearance of photosynthetic organisms about 3 billion years ago increased the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the atmosphere and enabled the evolution of organisms that use glucose and oxygen to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Hypoxia is commonly defined as the reduced availability of oxygen in the tissues produced by different causes, which include reduction of atmospheric PO2 as in high altitude, and secondary to pathological conditions such as sleep breathing and pulmonary disorders, anemia, and cardiovascular alterations leading to inadequate transport, delivery, and exchange of oxygen between capillaries and cells. Nowadays, it has been shown that hypoxia plays an important role in the genesis of several human pathologies including cardiovascular, renal, myocardial and cerebral diseases in fetal, young and adult life. Several mechanisms have evolved to maintain oxygen homeostasis. Certainly, all cells respond and adapt to hypoxia, but only a few of them can detect hypoxia and initiate a cascade of signals intended to produce a functional systemic response. In mammals, oxygen detection mechanisms have been extensively studied in erythropoietin-producing cells, chromaffin cells, bulbar and cortical neurons, pulmonary neuroepithelial cells, smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arteries, and chemoreceptor cells. While the precise mechanism underpinning oxygen, sensing is not completely known several molecular entities have been proposed as possible oxygen sensors (i.e. Hem proteins, ion channels, NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase). Remarkably, cellular adaptation to hypoxia is mediated by the master oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which can induce up-regulation of different genes to cope the cellular effects related to a decrease in oxygen levels. Short-term responses to hypoxia included mainly chemoreceptor-mediated reflex ventilatory and hemodynamic adaptations to manage the low oxygen concentration while more prolonged exposures to hypoxia can elicit more sustained physiological responses including switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, vascularization, and enhancement of blood O2 carrying capacity. The focus of this research topic is to provide an up-to-date vision on the current knowledge on oxygen sensing mechanism, physiological responses to acute or chronic hypoxia and cellular/tissue/organ adaptations to hypoxic environment.
Research Awards Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Research Awards Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Medicine categories.
Research Grants Index
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Author : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Medicine categories.
Handbook Of Physiology Environmental Physiology 2 V
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Handbook Of Physiology Environmental Physiology 2 V written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Physiology categories.
Bibliography Of Medical Reviews
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Bibliography Of Medical Reviews written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Medicine categories.
Trauma
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Author : William C. Wilson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-02-05
Trauma written by William C. Wilson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-05 with Medical categories.
Compiled by internationally recognized experts in trauma critical care,this sourcediscusses the entire gamut of critical care management of the trauma patient and covers several common complications and conditions treated in surgical intensive care units that are not specifically related to trauma. Utilizing evidence-based guidelines where they ex
Regulation Of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition
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Author : Roland N. Pittman
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2016-08-18
Regulation Of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-18 with Medical categories.
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Handbook Of Physiology The Cardiovascular System V 1 The Heart V 2 Vascular Smooth Muscle V 3 Pt 1 2 Peripheral Circulation And Organ Blood Flow
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Handbook Of Physiology The Cardiovascular System V 1 The Heart V 2 Vascular Smooth Muscle V 3 Pt 1 2 Peripheral Circulation And Organ Blood Flow written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Physiology categories.
Time Domains Of Hypoxia Adaptation Evolutionary Insights And Applications Volume Ii
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Author : Tatum S. Simonson
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-07-06
Time Domains Of Hypoxia Adaptation Evolutionary Insights And Applications Volume Ii written by Tatum S. Simonson and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-06 with Science categories.