Physiology And Function Of Glial Cells In Health And Disease

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Physiology And Function Of Glial Cells In Health And Disease

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Author : El-Mansoury, Bilal
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2023-12-18

Physiology And Function Of Glial Cells In Health And Disease written by El-Mansoury, Bilal and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-18 with Science categories.

Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and their progenitors NG2-glia, serve as key players in maintaining structural integrity and complex brain homeostasis. They actively participate in neurotransmission, energy metabolism, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, ion balance, immune defense, and the clearance of neuronal debris. However, the physiological functions of glial cells are often compromised in aging, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in gliomas, brain tumors demanding specialized understanding for effective therapeutic interventions. Physiology and Function of Glial Cells in Health and Disease provides a comprehensive exploration of the vital role played by glial cells in maintaining neural homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS). This book delves into the intricate interaction between glial cells and neurons, shedding light on their essential contributions to neural function and overall brain health. The book also highlights emerging research on astrocyte reprogramming for the management of neurodegenerative diseases, offering a glimpse into potential future therapies. This book is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, and students in the field of neuroscience. Its academic tone, coupled with in-depth discussions and cutting-edge insights, makes it a valuable reference for anyone seeking a comprehensive understanding of the role of glial cells in both health and disease.

Enteric Glia

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Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2014-07-01

Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-01 with Medical categories.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography

The Functional Roles Of Glial Cells In Health And Disease

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Author : Rebecca Matsas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

The Functional Roles Of Glial Cells In Health And Disease written by Rebecca Matsas and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

Thirty-five years ago, when Stephen Kuffler and his colleagues at Harvard initiated a new era of research on the properties and functions of neuroglial cells, very few neuro scientists were impressed at the time with the hypothesis that neuroglial cells could have another, though more subtle, role to play in the nervous system than to provide static support to neurons. Today, very few neuroscientists are unaware of the fact that multiple interactions between neurons and glial cells have been described, and that they consti tute the basis for understanding the function and the pathology of the nervous system. Glial cells outnumber neurons and make up about one-half of the bulk of the nervous system. They are divided into two major classes: first, the macroglia, which include astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and the Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system; and second, the microglial cells. These different classes of glial cells have different functions and contribute in different ways in the devel opment, function, and the pathology of the nervous system.

Neuroglia

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Author : Helmut Kettenmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005

Neuroglia written by Helmut Kettenmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Medical categories.

Graduate students in neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and molecular neurobiology will find the book indispensable. It is also a vital companion for researchers in these fields as well as clinicians in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropathology, neuro-oncology, physiatry, and psychiatry."--BOOK JACKET.

The Biology Of Glial Cells Recent Advances

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Author : Ishan Patro
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-04-09

The Biology Of Glial Cells Recent Advances written by Ishan Patro and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-09 with Medical categories.

This book reviews the role of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendroglia, satellite cells, and Schwann cells) in neuronal health and diseases. It discusses the latest advances in understanding their origin, differentiation, and hemostasis. The book also examines the role of microglial cells in central nervous system (CNS) development, maintenance, and synaptic plasticity. Further, the book presents the functions of astrocytes in healthy CNS and their critical role in CNS disorders, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Notably, the book describes the pathobiology, molecular pathogenesis, stem cells, and imaging characteristics of gliomas. It defines the role of glial cells in regulating iron homeostasis and their effect on the neurodegeneration of neurons. Lastly, it covers the structure, function, and pathology of oligodendrocytes and their role in neuronal health and disease. ​

Experimental And Clinical Methods In Hepatic Encephalopathy Research

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Author : Tiziano Balzano
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-01-17

Experimental And Clinical Methods In Hepatic Encephalopathy Research written by Tiziano Balzano and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-17 with Science categories.

This volume explores the latest experimental and clinical protocols used to study hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The chapters in this book are organized into three parts, each focusing on different aspects of HE research. Part One covers protocols for diagnosing and monitoring HE in clinical practice. Part Two talks about various animal models and experimental techniques designed to investigate the pathogenesis of HE and evaluate potential treatments. Part Three looks at the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiological processes involved in HE, and presents advanced techniques and strategies for investigating the complex interactions that contribute to HE. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Experimental and Clinical Methods in Hepatic Encephalopathy Research provides researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive guide of both experimental and clinical methods, and the mechanisms underlying the complex condition of HE.

Neuroglia Function And Pathology

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Author : Alexei Verkhratsky
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-05-12

Neuroglia Function And Pathology written by Alexei Verkhratsky and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-12 with Medical categories.

Diverse specialised neuroglial cells guarantee the development, preservation, and health of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the special senses. In the central nervous system, it is the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia that safeguard nerve cell function and integrity that controls all behaviours and encompasses the cerebral cortex of the brain which is the root of humanity. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells play the leading role, together with satellite glial cells of the sensory and autonomic ganglia, ensuring correct communication between the organs and tissues with the brain and the spinal cord. In the enteric nervous system, specialised enteric glial cells maintain all aspects of gastrointestinal function. Then there are distinctive glial cells of the special senses that ensure how the body perceives and reacts to its environment. In pathology, neuroglia strive to protect the diverse cellular components of the nervous system and are responsible for a proactive programme of posttraumatic restructuring that is aimed at recovery of life-sustaining function. Neuroglia: Function and Pathology provides a highly original and comprehensive account of the physiology and pathophysiology of glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The first part of the book provides a far-reaching description of glial cell form and function, from their evolution in invertebrates to their complexity in humans, encompassing the developmental origin of the varied glial cell types and their diversity of morphology, molecular biology and cellular physiology. The second part of the book is devoted to an all-embracing evaluation of glial cell pathophysiology, commencing with definitive explanations of the fundamental pathologies of the main glial cell types, and ending in a systematic examination of glial contributions to specific neurological diseases. This book emphasises the central roles played by the different classes of neuroglial cells in the progression and outcome of neurological disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems and highlights potential of glial cells as therapeutic targets. The book contains more than 2500 key references from over 150 years of glial research and is superbly illustrated with over 350 original and explanatory full colour figures that describe the diverse characteristics and properties of glial cells in health and disease. Under the same cover, this book combines an authoritative reference book for research and clinical neuroscientists and at the same time serves as an instructive textbook for students of neuroscience, from undergraduates to postgraduates. - Single volume covering key aspects of glial cell physiology and pathology - In depth overview of the history of glial cell research - Comprehensive review of glial cell physiology and pathology - Authoritative special chapters on the major neurological diseases - Full colour throughout, with 360 illustrations

Anatomy Physiology

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Author : Lindsay Biga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-09-26

Anatomy Physiology written by Lindsay Biga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-26 with categories.

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Synaptic Function

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Author : Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.)
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Release Date : 1987

Synaptic Function written by Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.) and has been published by Wiley-Interscience this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Medical categories.

This book consists of five sections. The first section details methods for analyzing both presynaptic and postsynaptic function and emphasizes the molecular aspects of synapses. It describes ongoing studies of neurotransmitter release, voltage- sensitive ion channels, and electronic transmission at gap junctions. The second section focuses on the growing menagerie of neurotransmitters: their catagorization into chemical families, their relation to ion channels, their modulation by second messenger systems and their role in pharmacologic action. The third section considers the important relationship of transmitter diversity and synaptic types to the behavior of actual cellular networks. All of the studies described in these sections point to the necessity of considering interactions between anatomy, chemistry, physiology and pharmacology if synaptic function is to be understood at any one of these levels of analysis.

Glial Physiology And Pathophysiology

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Author : Alexei Verkhratsky
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-04-15

Glial Physiology And Pathophysiology written by Alexei Verkhratsky and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-15 with Medical categories.

Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology provides a comprehensive, advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells. Coverage includes: the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous systems the cellular physiology of the different kinds of glial cells the mechanisms of intra- and inter-cellular signalling in glial networks the mechanisms of glial-neuronal communications the role of glial cells in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival and development of nervous system the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuronal-glial interactions the role of glia in nervous system pathology, including pathology of glial cells and associated diseases - for example, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Alexander disease and Parkinson's Neuroglia oversee the birth and development of neurones, the establishment of interneuronal connections (the 'connectome'), the maintenance and removal of these inter-neuronal connections, writing of the nervous system components, adult neurogenesis, the energetics of nervous tissue, metabolism of neurotransmitters, regulation of ion composition of the interstitial space and many, many more homeostatic functions. This book primes the reader towards the notion that nervous tissue is not divided into more important and less important cells. The nervous tissue functions because of the coherent and concerted action of many different cell types, each contributing to an ultimate output. This reaches its zenith in humans, with the creation of thoughts, underlying acquisition of knowledge, its analysis and synthesis, and contemplating the Universe and our place in it. An up-to-date and fully referenced text on the most numerous cells in the human brain Detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system Describes the role of glial cells in neuropathology Focus boxes highlight key points and summarise important facts Companion website with downloadable figures and slides