Population Connectivity In Marine Systems
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Population Connectivity In Marine Systems
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Author : Robert K. Cowen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Population Connectivity In Marine Systems written by Robert K. Cowen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Fish populations categories.
A central goal of marine ecology is to achieve a mechanistic understanding of the factors regulating the abundance and distribution of marine populations. One critical component of the goal is to quantify rates of exchange, or connectivity, among sub-populations of marine organisms via larval dispersal. Theoretical studies suggest that these linkages play a fundamental role in local and meta-population dynamics, community structure, genetic diversity, and the resiliency of populations to human exploitation. Understanding population connectivity is also key in efforts to develop spatial management methods for marine-capture fisheries, including the design of networks of marine reserves. There are considerable advances in understanding of the biology of juvenile and adult life history stages through experimental marine ecology.
Population Genetics Larval Dispersal And Demographic Connectivity In Marine Systems
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Author : Kimberley A. Weersing
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Population Genetics Larval Dispersal And Demographic Connectivity In Marine Systems written by Kimberley A. Weersing and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Animal population genetics categories.
Marine Population Connectivity
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Marine Population Connectivity written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Special Issue On Marine Population Connectivity
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Special Issue On Marine Population Connectivity written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Marine animals categories.
Population Connectivity In A Dynamic Coastal System
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Author : Kathryn Shulzitski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Population Connectivity In A Dynamic Coastal System written by Kathryn Shulzitski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Population connectivity (i.e., the exchange of individuals among geographically distinct subpopulations) is an issue of particular relevance in the marine environment, as the majority of benthic marine organisms have complex life cycles and dispersal events occurring in the early life stages are nearly impossible to track. As the magnitude and direction of larval dispersal are shaped ultimately by larval distributions, growth, mortality, and transport to adult habitat, this dissertation examined these processes for larval reef fishes in the Straits of Florida (SOF) to contribute to the understanding of patterns of population connectivity along a continental coastline. An analysis of spatially and temporally extensive ichthyoplankton collections and associated environmental data demonstrated that environmental variation through the vertical water column was most important in structuring larval assemblages in the SOF and that horizontal patterns in larval assemblages were only weakly related to oceanographic features (i.e., mesoscale eddies, ME, and the Florida Current). However, otolith analysis revealed that residence in MEs enhanced larval growth for four out of the five reef fish species examined, and this increased growth was consistent across three sampling periods and two years. These results indicate that MEs provide enhanced feeding environments for larval reef fishes. Additional otolith analysis of cohorts of two reef fishes tracked from the pelagic environment to the reef (i.e., settlement-stage), demonstrated that for one species (Cryptotomus roseus) slow-growing larvae were selectively removed from the population just prior to settlement. In this same species, slow-growing larvae from offshore waters did not contribute to the surviving population of settlement-stage larvae, suggesting that for at least some species and settlement events, upstream Caribbean fish populations are not well-connected to populations in the SOF. Finally, several lines of evidence, including temporal changes in larval assemblages and patterns of larval abundance and age across water masses, are consistent with the existence of nearshore retention of locally-spawned larvae in the SOF and, thus, the potential for self-recruitment in reef fish populations of the Florida Keys.
Marine Ecosystems And Global Change
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Author : Manuel Barange
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2010-02-11
Marine Ecosystems And Global Change written by Manuel Barange and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-11 with Science categories.
Global environmental change (including climate change, biodiversity loss, changes in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and intensive exploitation of natural resources) is having significant impacts on the world's oceans. This book advances knowledge of the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, and their past, present, and future responses to physical and anthropogenic forcing. It illustrates how climate and humans impact marine ecosystems, providing a comprehensive review of the physical and ecological processes that structure marine ecosystems as well as the observation, experimentation, and modelling approaches required for their study. Recognizing the interactive roles played by humans in using marine resources and in responding to global changes in marine systems, the book includes chapters on the human dimensions of marine ecosystem changes and on effective management approaches in this era of rapid change. A final section reviews the state of the art in predicting the responses of marine ecosystems to future global change scenarios with the intention of informing both future research agendas and marine management policy. Marine Ecosystems and Global Change provides a detailed synthesis of the work conducted under the auspices of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) programme. This research spans two decades, and represents the largest, multi-disciplinary, international effort focused on understanding the impacts of external forcing on the structure and dynamics of global marine ecosystems.
Ecology Of Marine Invertebrate Larvae
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Author : Larry McEdward
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-04-08
Ecology Of Marine Invertebrate Larvae written by Larry McEdward and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-08 with Science categories.
This is the first book to provide a detailed treatment of the field of larval ecology. The 13 chapters use state-of-the-art reviews and critiques of nearly all of the major topics in this diverse and rapidly growing field. Topics include: patterns of larval diversity, reproductive energetics, spawning ecology, life history theory, larval feeding and nutrition, larval mortality, behavior and locomotion, larval transport, dispersal, population genetics, recruitment dynamics and larval evolution. Written by the leading new scientists in the field, chapters define the current state of larval ecology and outline the important questions for future research.
Marine Metapopulations
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Author : Jacob P. Kritzer
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2010-07-20
Marine Metapopulations written by Jacob P. Kritzer and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-20 with Science categories.
Technological improvements have greatly increased the ability of marine scientists to collect and analyze data over large spatial scales, and the resultant insights attainable from interpreting those data vastly increase understanding of poplation dynamics, evolution and biogeography. Marine Metapopulations provides a synthesis of existing information and understanding, and frames the most important future directions and issues. First book to systematically apply metapopulation theory directly to marine systems Contributions from leading international ecologists and fisheries biologists Perspectives on a broad array of marine organisms and ecosystems, from coastal estuaries to shallow reefs to deep-sea hydrothermal vents Critical science for improved management of marine resources Paves the way for future research on large-scale spatial ecology of marine systems
Connectivity Fecundity And Larval Abundance Along An Upwelling Coast
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Author : Sarah Olverson Hameed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Connectivity Fecundity And Larval Abundance Along An Upwelling Coast written by Sarah Olverson Hameed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
A better understanding of the processes that regulate marine metapopulations is needed for effective conservation management planning. Ecosystem level protections in the form of marine protected areas (MPAs) may be the most effective strategy to minimize the risk of population collapse, community disruption, and biodiversity loss because intact communities appear to be more resilient to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The effectiveness of MPAs as a tool for conserving marine populations, however, hinges on understanding the processes that regulate marine populations. This dissertation focuses on three connected processes that play large roles in regulating marine metapopulations - population connectivity, fecundity, and larval distribution. I investigate these processes in decapod populations along an open coast characterized by strong seasonal upwelling that drives high primary production and rich marine biodiversity and supports a plethora of fisheries. In Chapter 1, I used extensive field measurements of fecundity, population size, and settlement and a Bayesian modeling approach to determine demographic connectivity among invertebrate populations along the California coastline. This study provides the first evidence of high local retention and limited connectivity among populations spanning 700 km along an open coast in an upwelling system with larvae that spend approximately six weeks in the plankton. The Bayesian modeling approach employed to estimate larval dispersal revealed the importance of employing demographic data in these estimates. The approach provides a tractable framework for addressing these questions for species occurring in discrete coastal populations. Latitudinal variation in upwelling affecting larval supply via advection offshore is widely considered to regulate populations and communities in upwelling regimes. In Chapter 2, I investigated an alternative explanation for differences in recruitment along the west coast of the U.S. - whether variation in fecundity could explain differences in recruitment across the two upwelling regimes that occur between Washington and California. Fecundity varied between upwelling regions, likely due to previously documented differences in primary productivity, and locally, depending on habitat type and surfzone hydrodynamics, both of which likely affect access to food. Larval distributions provide us with the clues to determine larval transport and survival. In Chapter 3, I determined the degree to which decapod larval abundance and spatial distribution are affected by local, regional, and basin-scale oceanographic conditions interannually. This investigation revealed that environmental variability, predominantly related to upwelling and primary production, explained 5% - 20% of the variability in the larval distributions, and the spatial distributions found in previous temporally constrained studies remained generally consistent across 8 years. The findings indicate that larval behaviors and demographic variables likely play a more important role in larval distributions than physical forcing. Effective spatial conservation management relies on understanding population persistence, which requires knowledge of population connectivity, fecundity, and the drivers of larval abundance through time. Taken together, these investigations into processes that regulate marine populations along a productive upwelling coast advance our fundamental understanding of the ecology and evolution of life in the sea and provide insights to improve management and conservation of its resources and ecosystems.
Population Genomics Marine Organisms
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Author : Marjorie F. Oleksiak
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-12-31
Population Genomics Marine Organisms written by Marjorie F. Oleksiak and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-31 with Science categories.
Population genomics has provided unprecedented opportunities to unravel the mysteries of marine organisms in the oceans' depths. The world's oceans, which make up 70% of our planet, encompass diverse habitats and host numerous unexplored populations and species. Population genomics studies of marine organisms are rapidly emerging and have the potential to transform our understanding of marine populations, species, and ecosystems, providing insights into how these organisms are evolving and how they respond to different stimuli and environments. This knowledge is critical for understanding the fundamental aspects of marine life, how marine organisms will respond to environmental changes, and how we can better protect and preserve marine biodiversity and resources. This book brings together leading experts in the field to address critical aspects of fundamental and applied research in marine species and share their research and insights crucial for understanding marine ecosystem diversity and function. It also discusses the challenges, opportunities and future perspectives of marine population genomics.