Portable Scour Monitoring Equipment
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Portable Scour Monitoring Equipment
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Author : James Douglas Schall
language : en
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Release Date : 2004
Portable Scour Monitoring Equipment written by James Douglas Schall and has been published by Transportation Research Board this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Scour (Hydraulic engineering) categories.
Introduction and research approach -- Findings -- Interpretation, appraisal, and applications -- Conclusions and suggested research -- References -- Appendixes.
Nchrp Report 515
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Nchrp Report 515 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Electronic book categories.
Development Of Portable Scour Monitoring Equipment
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Author : Ayres Associates
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Development Of Portable Scour Monitoring Equipment written by Ayres Associates and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Hydraulic engineering categories.
This report documents the results of a study to improve portable scour monitoring technology for measuring stream bed elevations at bridge foundations during flood conditions. Scour and stream instability problems can threaten bridge safety, and yet monitoring these conditions can be difficult given conditions during major floods. The research concentrated on developing a truck mounted articulated crane to quickly and safely position various measurement devices. The crane provided a solid platform for deployment even under flood flow conditions, that could be instrumented to allow tracking the movement of the crane. Tracking the movement of the crane allows locating where scour measurements are being taken, providing valuable position information. Different sensor deployment methods allow the articulated arm truck to be used at wide variety of bridge geometry's during flood events, including high bridges, bridges with limited clearance, and bridges with large overhang. A comprehensive data collection software package was developed that facilitated the use of the articulated arm, providing the inspector immediate access to the data collected. Collection of position and scour data is automated and a data file is written that allows plotting channel section or scour hole bathymetry.
Scour Monitoring Technology Implementation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Scour Monitoring Technology Implementation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Bridges categories.
Bridge scour is the removal of sediment around bridge foundations and can result in the failure of the bridge. Scour monitoring is performed to identify unacceptable scour on bridges considered to be scour critical and determine when scour reaches elevations that could cause potential bridge failure. Two types of monitoring are available: portable monitoring and fixed monitoring. Prior to this project, MnDOT was only using portable monitoring devices, which requires the deployment of personnel to make physical measurements of scour depths. For some scour critical bridges, especially during high-water events, fixed instrumentation capable of continuous scour monitoring was preferred, but MnDOT lacked the experience or expertise to install this type of equipment. This project installed fixed monitoring equipment at two bridge sites and monitored them for three years to determine the effectiveness and reliability of fixed scour monitoring deployments. Several device options were installed to allow MnDOT to analyze the installation and performance of different types of sensors. Both systems operated for the three years with some outages due to various causes but overall performance was acceptable. The outages were mostly related to power issues and communication issues. Valuable lessons were learned through the deployment, which may be applied to future installations. The deployment executed in this project has provided the confidence to deploy other fixed scour monitoring equipment at key bridges around the state of Minnesota. In addition, the data collected during deployment of the scour monitoring equipment has been stored and provides insight into scour processes. This data can be used by other research groups for design or research purposes.
Monitoring Scour Critical Bridges
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Author : Beatrice E. Hunt
language : en
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Release Date : 2009
Monitoring Scour Critical Bridges written by Beatrice E. Hunt and has been published by Transportation Research Board this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Religion categories.
Sensor Development And Response Analysis For Bridge Scour Monitoring And Prognosis
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Author : Faezeh Azhari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Sensor Development And Response Analysis For Bridge Scour Monitoring And Prognosis written by Faezeh Azhari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Bridges, as well as off-shore wind turbines and other marine structures, are susceptible to failures due to local scour, which is a dynamic phenomenon that is caused by flowing water removing the bed material from around piles, piers, and abutments. If extended over a critical depth, scour can jeopardize the stability and safety of overwater bridges. In fact, scour is the predominant cause of overwater bridge failures in North America and around the world. Monitoring, as part of bridge maintenance, can prevent scour-induced damage and failure by continuously measuring the extent of scour so that preventative measures can be taken in a timely manner. Over the years, numerous sensing systems have been developed for monitoring bridge scour by measuring scour depth at locations near bridge piers and abutments. Due to the limitations of periodic inspections conducted by trained divers and by using portable instruments, fixed monitoring systems have become the viable solution. Existing fixed scour sensors include sonar systems, float-out devices, and tilt meters, to name a few. These systems each offer unique advantages, but have limitations (e.g., high costs, low reliability, limited accuracy, etc.) that have restricted their implementation in practice. Therefore, attempts to develop more efficient monitoring schemes continue. In this study two novel scour sensing schemes were evaluated. The first uses driven piezoelectric rods to continuously measure scour depth; and in the second, buried dissolved oxygen (DO) optodes detect scour at discrete depths. Laboratory flume experiments were conducted to validate the proposed sensing systems. In the first sensing scheme, piezoelectric rods are driven into the stream bed at a location where scour depths are wanted. As the scour hole extends, the exposed length of the rod changes, causing the flow-induced voltage signal acquired from the sensor to also vary. Scour depth at the sensor location is determined based on the fact that the natural frequency of the cantilevered sensing rod is inversely related to its length. Prototype piezoelectric rods, in which a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer strip forms the main sensing component, were designed and developed. Following various preliminary validation tests, extensive laboratory experiments were performed in which the in-house piezoelectric sensing rods were driven into the soil surrounding a mock bridge pier inside a flume simulating scour conditions. The piezo-sensor was calibrated through eigenfrequency analyses. The second sensing system utilized commercially available miniature DO probes. DO levels are very low in streambed sediments, as compared to the standard level of oxygen in flowing water. Therefore, scour depths can be determined by installing sensors to monitor DO levels at various depths along the buried length of a bridge pier or abutment. The measured DO is negligible when a sensor is buried but would increase significantly once scour occurs and exposes the sensor to flowing water. A set of experiments was conducted in which four dissolved oxygen probes were embedded at different soil depths in the vicinity of a mock bridge pier inside a laboratory flume simulating scour conditions. The measured DO jumped to water DO levels once scour exposed the sensing tip of the probes to flowing water, thereby providing discrete measurements of the maximum scour depth. The sensing concepts behind both scour monitoring schemes were confirmed through comparing the detected and observed scour depths. The PVDF-based sensors provide continuous scour depth measurements, as opposed to discrete ones offered by the DO sensing system. Both sensing schemes were also able to detect any subsequent refilling of the scour hole through the deposition of sediments. Following separate analyses of the results, future research is suggested for the two sensing techniques to gain a better understanding of their advantages, shortcomings, and potential applications. In addition to developing and validating the aforementioned scour sensing schemes, research was conducted aimed at creating a practical warning-time based framework for scour sensor response interpretation. First, the general form of the framework, applicable to a wide range of damage detection operations, was developed. The purpose of structural health monitoring (SHM) is to diagnose any damage or malfunction in an engineering system in a timely manner. Timely detection implies that sufficient warning time is given to perform required maintenance to prevent structural failure. Warning time information is therefore very useful in the design and planning of maintenance procedures. The framework developed as part of this research, is a simple and practical tool for predicting warning times given detected damage (i.e. sensor outputs). The framework incorporates a probabilistic analysis of damage progression such that the uncertainty in warning times can also be determined and used for risk-based decision making. To demonstrate the framework’s applicability to scour monitoring, a detailed example was considered, where the progression of bridge scour was obtained through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using the software Flow-3D. The resulting diagrams from the framework can be used as an effective tool in estimating the warning time and the uncertainty in the warning time given a detected scour depth. The warning information is extremely useful in identifying and planning the required maintenance procedures based on the available resources.
National Bridge Scour Program Measuring Scour Of The Streambed At Highway Bridges
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Author : David S. Mueller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
National Bridge Scour Program Measuring Scour Of The Streambed At Highway Bridges written by David S. Mueller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Scour at bridges categories.
Developing A Bridge Scour Warning System
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Author : C. Bryan Young
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Developing A Bridge Scour Warning System written by C. Bryan Young and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Flooding and scour can be major threats to the integrity of bridges. During flood events, scour at bridge piers and abutments can undermine the foundations of the bridge, causing significant damage or even total structure loss. Because scour occurs below the water level during a large flood event, it can be difficult to detect and may go unnoticed unless a targeted inspection is performed. The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) is required by federal mandate to establish and maintain a bridge scour plan of action for all scour-critical bridges in the state. A plan of action can include the implementation of scour countermeasures to protect and stabilize a bridge and/or scour monitoring. Bridge scour monitoring presents multiple challenges for bridge owners, including state Departments of Transportation (DOTs). This research project surveyed in situ and ex situ monitoring options with particular attention on warning system options in the public domain. In situ monitoring can include portable and/or fixed devices for detecting bridge scour. Ex situ monitoring implies a statewide system that issues scour alerts to trigger bridge closures and/or inspections based on hydrologic conditions (rainfall and/or streamflow). A systematic statewide system would be preferable for monitoring scour-capable events at bridges across the state. KDOT could leverage existing United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Weather Service (NWS) tools to monitor scour-critical bridges or pursue a vendor to offer a turn-key solution. For critical locations, additional measures could be implemented at specific sites to offer more information or a higher level of monitoring.
Proceedings Of The Bridge Scour Symposium
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Proceedings Of The Bridge Scour Symposium written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Bridges categories.
Report No Fhwa Rd
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Author : United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research and Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Report No Fhwa Rd written by United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research and Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.